Pharm. Final Jeopardy

example of potassium sparing diuretic

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

these levels are used to evaluate the progress of thyroid hormone replacement pharmacotherapy

TSH

this is the name of a b-complex vitamin that is essential for normal DNA and RNA synthesis

folic acid, or folate

Nursing concerns you might have for a patient taking MAOIS

foods containing tyramine, hypertension, dizziness, cardiovascular effects, liver toxicity

the adrenal cortex secretes these three classes of steroid hormones

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids

hyper secretion of thyroid hormone results in this disorder

graves' disease

bacteria found in GI tract thought to contribute to duodenal and gastric ulcers

h.pylori

4 target organs that untreated hypertension affects

heart, brain, kidneys, retina

this is the term used to describe the process of blood cell production; begins with stem cells

hematopoiesis

this test measures glucose bound to hemoglobin; it doesn't require fasting, and provides an average measure of glucose control over last 8-12 weeks prior to test

hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C)

these are chemical mediators that are released by damaged tissue that alert the surrounding area of injury

histamine, leukotrienes, bradykinin, complement, and prostaglandins

the various organs in the endocrine system secrete these

hormones

for a diagnosis of diabetes, these findings are necessary

hyperglycemia - fasting blood glucose greater than 126 MG/DL on at least two separate occasion

this is the interpretation of a serum potassium lab value of 6 MEQ/L

hyperkalemia

These drugs are used to promote sleep

hypnotics

hypo secretion of testosterone results in this disorder in males

hypogonadism

this is how to interpret a serum sodium level of 133 MEQ/L

hyponatremia

contraindication to NSAIDs

impaired renal function, upper GI bleed, anti coagulation meds, allergy to ASA, ETOH abuse, pregnancy

drugs given for long term control of asthma/copd

inhaled corticosteroids

this device uses a propellant to deliver a measured dose of a drug by inhaling

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

Example of a schedule 2 med

morphine, fentanyl, methylphenidate, cocaine, methadone

this is the term used to describe early symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults

myxedema

antidote for opioid analgesics

narcan

the most important control mechanisms by which the secretion and release of hormones are carefully regulated include this

negative feedback mechanism

these drugs dilate arteries and veins, reducing myocardial oxygen demand

nitrates

these drugs inhibit the enzyme HMG-COA reductase, a critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol

statins

contraindication for the GI stimulant raglan (metoclopramide)

GI obstruction or perforation

these different classes of drugs are used to treat heart failure

ace inhibitors, diuretic, cardiac glycosides, beta blockers, vasodilators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

hyper secretion of growth hormone in adults results in this disorder

acromegaly

primary arden-cortical insufficiency is known as this

addison's disease

classification of cardiac drugs that block stimulation of SNS

adrenergic and beta blockers

any undesired response to a medication

adverse effect

this is the main mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal glands

aldosterone

these are the most efficacious drugs for ADHD

central nervous system stimulants

common side effect of all narcotics usually managed by increased fluids, fiber, and stool softeners

constipation

these IV fluids contain electrolytes and are distributed primarily to the interstitial spaces

crystalloids

hyper secretion of corticosteroids results in this disorder

cushing's syndrome

a patient with diabetes insipid is taking vasopressin (desmopressin). What outcome indicates this medication has the desired effect

decrease in urine output

hypo secretion of antidiuretic hormone results in this disorder

diabetes insipidus

hypo secretion of insulin results in this disorder

diabetes mellitus

these receptors are targeted when using drugs to treat schizophrenia

dopamine 2 receptors

these are abnormalities of electrical conduction or rhythm in the heart

dysrhythmias

bactericidal antibiotics that are used for urinary tract infections, respiratory, skin, bone, joint, and GI infections; pneumonia, sinusitis, and infectious diarrhea. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, phytotoxicity, headache, dizziness may occur. serious adverse effects uncommon but suggested that may be associated with tendon rupture

fluoroquinolone

four pharmacokinetic processes

(adme) absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

suffix of most ace inhibitors

-pril

these drugs treat high blood pressure by interacting with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBS)

these are two forms of this enzyme present in all tissues. the first form reduces gastric acid secretion, promotes renal blood flow, and promotes platelet aggregation. the second form is present at site of injury and promotes inflammation, sensitizes pain receptors, and mediates fever in the brain. NSAIDs inhibit both forms

Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2

these drugs work by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach to decrease acid production; used to treat peptic ulcer disease

H2 antagonists such as ranitidine (zantac)

these receptors are affected by opioids and produce pain relief and euphoria

MU and KAPPA receptors

these are the primary drugs for the treatment of simple inflammation

NSAIDS

these bactericidal antibiotics have a broad spectrum of activity. ototoxicmy and nephrotoxicity may occur

aminoglycosides

this is a disorder in which the blood has a reduced capacity to carry oxygen because of hemorrhage, excessive erythrocyte destruction, or insufficient erythrocyte synthesis

anemia

this is the name for acute chest pain caused by insufficient oxygen reaching a portion of the myocardium - it usually accompanies physical exertion or emotional excitement

angina

drugs used for indigestion that may have a constipating effect

antacids

these drugs are given as soon as a myocardial infarction (MI) is suspected. aspirin and clopidogrel are examples.

anti platelet drugs

these drugs are used to suppress neuronal activity enough to prevent abnormal or repetitive firing

anti seizure drugs

meds that may be used for the treatment of manic and bipolar disorders

anti-psychotics, mood stabilizers, and anti-convulsant

these drugs act by blocking the effects of acetylcholine; they are used to dry secretions, treat asthma, and prevent motion sickness

anticholinergics

these drugs can reduce symptoms of panic and anxiety

antidepressants

what should the nurse check before giving the cardiac glycoside digoxin

apical pulse rate for one full minute

teaching points for patient use of nitro patches-name three

apply to clean areas, clip (never shave) hair, rotate sites, take off at night

First Step in the Nursing process

assessment

this chronic pulmonary disease has both inflammatory and bronchospasm components; symptoms occur with exposure to triggers or upon exertion (exercise induced)

asthma

contraindication for non selective beta blockers

asthma or COPD

this type of dysrhythmia is usually not treated with medication

asymptomatic

these drugs are used to treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and produce less dramatic side effects

atypical antipsychotics

these drugs are rarely used to treat insomnia because of their adverse effects and high potential for dependency

barbiturates

thyroid hormone increase this

basal metabolic rate

Some nursing concerns for the patient on steroid medication

behavioral changes, eye changes such as cataracts, suppression of immune response, metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers

these are the preferred drugs for management of some anxiety disorders and insomnia

benzodiazepines

this group of bronchodilators stimulate B2 receptors in the lung

beta 2 agonists

these antibiotics are effective against a wide variety of organisms

broad spectrum antibiotics

two classification of drugs to treat asthma

bronchodilators and anti inflammatory

these three factors are responsible for creating blood pressure

cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume

What nursing concerns might you have for the elderly patient taking TCAS

central nervous system and anticholinergic effects

this is the name of the protein secreted by stomach cells; you need this for vitamin B12 to be absorbed from the intestine

intrinsic factor

this is what happens if there is not insulin available to transport glucose into the cells

lipids are used as an energy source and ketones, (ketoacids) are produced as waste products leading to possible diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

diuretic that may cause hearing loss

loop diuretic furosemide (lasix)

these antibiotics are bacteriostatic and are used to treat syphilis or gonorrhea, legionnaires' disease, whooping cough; and used when the person cannot receive penicillin

macrocodes

this bactericidal antibiotic is the drug of choice against streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci organism. few serious adverse effects are noted but superinfections and anaphylaxis possible. diarrhea, nausea, vomiting most common adverse effects

penicillin

these are symptoms of right sided heart failure

peripheral edema and engorgement of organs such as the liver

this is the most profound consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency

pernicious or megaloblastic anemia

What a drug does to the body

pharmacodynamics

the electrolyte is essential for proper nerve and muscle function as well as maintaining acid-base balance

potassium

This is what the kidneys do

regulate fluid volume, electrolytes, and acids-base balance

nursing teaching points regarding use of respiratory meds- inhalants-

rinse mouth after inhalers, increase fluid intake, vaccines as indicated

corticosteroid therapy should be given this way

shortest amount of time necessary and gradually tapered

this drug is used to treat acidosis

sodium bicarbonate

these are bacteriostatic antibiotics, primarily used for urinary tract infection, and acute episodes of chronic bronchitis. adverse effects include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. you need to drink enough water when taking these

sulfonamides

these headaches occur when muscles of the head and neck tighten; often treated with over the counter (OTC) analgesics

tension headaches

an antibiotic that may cause permanent staining of a child's teeth if taken by a pregnant woman

tetracyclines

this is the term for deficiency of platelets

thrombocytopenia

these drugs are given in cases of acute myocardial infarction because they dissolve clots obstructing the coronary arteries. they need to be given within 24 hours of symptoms

thrombolytics

very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone may cause this crisis

thyroid storm

these drugs stop a migraine in process

triptans

pain experienced in deep organs

visceral pain

too much ADH when given as desmopressin may result in this serious adverse effect

water intoxication