Chapter 31 Nursing Fundamentals

Logrolling

A technique used to turn a client whose body must at all time be kept in straight alignment (like a log)

Anaerobic Exercise

Activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough O2 fro the bloodstream and anaerobic pathways are used o provide additional endurance training for athletes.

Valsalva Maneuver

Holding breath and bearing down- slows the heart rate, leading to lowering of BP

Biological Rhythms

Inner rhythms that appear to control a variety of biologic processes

Functional Strength

the ability of the body to perform work

Active ROM exercises

Isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range, maximally stretching all muscles groups within each plane over the joint

Isokinetic exercises (Resistive)

Muscle contraction or tension against resistance. Muscles can be either isotonic or isometric. Isokinetic exercise the person moves (Isotonic) or tenses (isometric) against resistance

Pace

Number of steps taken per minute or the distance taken I one step when walking

Contracture

Permanent shortening of a muscle and subsequent shortening of tendons and ligaments

Target Heart Rate

Persons maximum heart rate=220 subtracted from current age in years. Then take the 60-80% of the maximum.

Foot Drop

Plantar Flexion contracture

Activity Tolerance

The type and amount of exercise or daily activities an individual is able to perform

Basal Metabolic Rate

(BMR) The rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing.

Atrophy

Wasting away; decrease in size of organ or tissue

Line of gravity

An imaginary vertical line running through the center of gravity

Passive ROM exercises

Another person moves each of a clients joints through its complete ROM, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint.

Aerobic Exercises

Any activity during which the body take in more or an equal amount of oxygen that it expends. Aerobic exercises improve cardiovascular conditioning and physical fitness.

Proprioception

Awareness of posture, movement , and changes in equilibrium; knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to body

hypertrophy

Enlargements of a muscle or organ

Isotonic exercises (Dynamic) (normal daily exercise/movement that increases cardiac and respiratory output)

Exercise in which muscle tension is constant and the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement

Isometric exercises (Static or setting) (Muscle length does NOT change)

Tensing of a muscle against an immovable outer resistance that does not change muscle length or produce joint motion. ( Muscle contracture with out moving the joint)

Mobility

The ability to move about freely, easily, and purposefully in the enviornment

Base of Support

The area on which an object rests

Range of Motion

The degree of movement possible for each joint.

Center of gravity

The point which the mass (weight) of the body is centered

Gait

a way a person walks