Chapter 32

An alternative hypothesis to the translocation of the protein from the soybean to dodder is that the herbicide is translocated from the dodder to the soybean, and then the herbicide is destroyed in the soybean. What experimental results would rule out this alternative hypothesis? a. After separating dodder from a LibertyLink® soybean, dodder survived 0.36 g/L of the herbicide. b. Dodder that grew on LibertyLink® soybean died from 0.36 g/L of the herbicide after being transferred to normal soybean. c. Dodder that grew on normal soybean survived 0.36 g/L of the herbicide after being transferred to LibertyLink® soybean. d. After separating dodder from a LibertyLink® soybean, dodder survived 3.6 g/L of the herbicide

After separating dodder from a LibertyLink® soybean, dodder survived 0.36 g/L of the herbicide.

What are the macronutrients present in most commercial fertilizers? A) C, H, and N B) N, P, and K C) C, N, and P D) N, C, and K

N, P, and K

Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit of this practice? A) A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year. B) Nitrogen is added to the soil because of the legumes' symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. C) Soil erosion is reduced by frequent plowing. D) Legumes decrease the amount of organic material in the soil.

Nitrogen is added to the soil because of the legumes' symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

A peanut farmer decides that she can make more money growing cotton and so plants her fields with cotton. The terrific yield of her fields is so encouraging that she continues to plant cotton for several more years, but each year her cotton yield decreases. What advice could you give her to increase her yield? A) Use a little less fertilizer each year since the soil is becoming overfertilized. B) Plant peanuts in alternate years since this crop rotation will provide extra nitrogen to the soil. C) Leave the fields unplanted in alternate years so the soil can recover. D) Plant a different crop every year since different crops deplete different soil nutrients.

Plant peanuts in alternate years since this crop rotation will provide extra nitrogen to the soil.

Under what circumstances would guard cells look like those in the right panel? A) a cool rainy day B) a hot humid day C) at elevated levels of CO2 D) a hot dry day

a hot dry day

Which of the following is most likely to be an epiphyte? A) a plant growing on the branches of another plant B) a plant that captures insects C) a plant with a very deep root system D) a plant that parasitizes another plant

a plant growing on the branches of another plant

What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association? A) contributes to photosynthesis B) absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals C) secretion of growth factors D) release of water

absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals

The CEO of Acme Remediation Company is always trying to improve the company's effectiveness by keeping up with current research. Which of the following research topics should have the highest priority for that research? A) comparison of plant species' tolerance of clay versus sandy soils B) comparison of plant species' ability to live in dry versus moist soils C) comparison of plant species' tolerance of heavy metals in soils D) comparison of plant species' bioaccumulation of metal ions

comparison of plant species' bioaccumulation of metal ions

Legumes, such as beans or peas, A) form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. B) form mycorrhizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil. C) form parasitic relationships with other photosynthetic plants. D) fix N2 from the atmosphere in their leaves.

form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil. According to the data, this remediation plan is most effective with which element? A) cadmium (Cd) B) copper (Cu) C) lead (Pb) D) zinc (Zn)

lead (Pb)

An example of an organism that parasitizes a host plant is A) a mycorrhizal fungus. B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. C) a Venus flytrap. D) mistletoe.

mistletoe.

Most plants can absorb and use which of the following forms of nitrogen directly? A) nitrite and nitrate B) nitrate only C) ammonium and nitrogen gas D) nitrate and ammonium

nitrate and ammonium

The experimental plants were more drought resistant because A) their vacuoles pumped water directly into the cytoplasm. B) salt stored in their vacuoles enabled the cytoplasm to retain water better. C) salt stored in their vacuoles was equal in amount to the salt in the soil. D) water was stored in their vacuoles until the next rainfall.

salt stored in their vacuoles enabled the cytoplasm to retain water better.

Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause stomata to open? A) water molecules entering the stomatal pore B) hot, dry weather and strong winds C) sunrise on a clear morning D) a cool night setting in

sunrise on a clear morning

If a plant is kept in the dark, A) the stomata continue their daily rhythm of opening and closing. B) the stomata will remain closed the entire time that the plant is in the dark. C) the stomata will remain open the entire time that the plant is in the dark. D) the guard cells will open as water is added.

the stomata continue their daily rhythm of opening and closing.