Chapter 32 Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

10) Systemic fungal infections are difficult to treat because active antifungal drugs cause significant host toxicity.

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18) Which of the following is MOST likely to cause an infection in HIV/AIDS patients? A) Candida albicans B) Giardia intestinalis C) Leishmania tropica D) Schistosoma mansoni

A) Candida albicans (pg.927)

24) How are trypanosome diseases similar to malaria? A) They are transmitted by insect vectors. B) They cause intermittent fevers. C) They are acute, self-limiting diseases. D) They are all endemic to Africa.

A) They are transmitted by insect vectors

21) Roughly half of all adults in the United States are infected with ________ but are asymptomatic. A) Toxoplasma gondii B) Trichomoniasis vaginalis C) Cryptosporidium parvum D) Cyclospora cayetanensis

A) Toxoplasma gondii (pg.930)

17) Naegleria fowleri is a free-living ________ that causes infection by ________. A) amoeba / entering through the nose and burrowing into the brain B) fungus / entering the lungs when contaminated soil is disturbed C) flagellated protist / crossing the intestinal mucosa into the blood D) protist / entering the vagina in women, the prostate and seminal vesicles of men, or the urethra of both males and females

A) amoeba / entering through the nose and burrowing into the brain (pg.928)

11) Giardia cysts are able to withstand A) chemical disinfection. B) filtration. C) clarification. D) chemical disinfection, filtration, and clarification.

A) chemical disinfection (pg.929)

16) A common method used in the diagnosis of giardiasis is detection of Giardia A) cysts in stool. B) antigens in blood. C) antigens in stool. D) cysts or antigens in stool.

A) cysts in stool (pg.929)

22) Which of the following is the MOST common mode of transmission of parasitic infections? A) direct person-to-person contact B) contaminated fomites C) contaminated food or water D) contaminated needles and syringes

A) direct person-to-person contact

3) Which of the following human mutations correlates with resistance to plasmodial infections in West Africa? A) hemoglobin S B) one particular MHC class I gene C) one particular set of MHC class II genes D) hemoglobin S and particular class I and class II genes

A) hemoglobin S

2) The initial infective stage of the malarial parasite is the A) sporozoite. B) merozoite. C) schizont. D) plasmodyite.

A) sporozoite (pg. 931)

10) The organism causing giardiasis is a A) gram-negative spirochete. B) flagellated protozoan. C) retrovirus. D) type of yeast.

B) flagellated protozoan (pg.929)

23) Trypanosoma and Leshmania species are transmitted by A) direct person-to-person contact. B) insect vectors. C) contaminated food or water. D) contaminated needles and syringes.

B) insect vectors.

27) Giardia intestinalis and Trichomoniasis vaginalis lack ________ and have ________. A) a flagellum / cilia instead B) mitochondria / an anaerobic metabolism C) a cell wall / a rigid cell membrane D) cysts / sporozoites instead

B) mitochondria / an anaerobic metabolism (pg.929)

7) Many fungi produce ________ that can cause significant disease. A) cellulases B) mycotoxins C) endotoxins D) chitinases

B) mycotoxins (pg.925)

8) Athlete's foot is an example of a A) protozoal infection. B) superficial fungal infection. C) superficial parasitic infection. D) hypersensitivity reaction.

B) superficial fungal infection (pg.926 & Slide #8)

19) What is the infective form of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis? A) cysts B) trophozoites C) merozoites D) sporozoites

B) trophozoites (pg.929)

26) Which of the following is considered an opportunistic pathogen? A) Toxoplasma gondii B) Trichomoniasis vaginalis C) Candida albicans D) Plasmodium vivax

C) Candida albicans (pg.927)

28) Humans are incidental hosts for ________, thus infected humans CANNOT spread the disease. A) Toxoplasma gondii B) Trichomoniasis vaginalis C) Entamoeba histolytica D) Plasmodium vivax

C) Entamoeba histolytica (pg.928)

20) Trichomoniasis vaginalis is a sexually transmitted disease that can also survive on moist surfaces and in urine for several hours. As a result, trichomoniasis A) is difficult to treat. B) is not a good candidate for eradication. C) can be spread by contact with contaminated toilet seats, sauna benches, and towels. D) is more common in males.

C) can be spread by contact with contaminated toilet seats, sauna benches, and towels. (pg.929)

25) Systemic fungal infections are often transmitted by ________; however, a recent outbreak of fungal disease was traced to ________. A) accidental inhalation of spores / contaminated injectable pharmaceuticals B) ingestion of contaminated food / contaminated toilet seats C) direct contact with skin lesions / sexual contact D) sexual contact / contaminated toilet seats

C) direct contact with skin lesions / sexual contact (pg. 926-927)

6) A common mechanism in fungal diseases is A) endotoxin production. B) intracellular invasion. C) hypersensitivity reactions. D) red blood cell lysis.

C) hypersensitivity reactions (pg.925)

29) Hemoflagellates cause tropical diseases such as sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease that are ALL transmitted by A) contact with fecal contaminated soil. B) contact with contaminated water. C) insect vectors. D) sexual contact.

C) insect vectors (pg.933)

31) Based on the life cycle of Schistosoma species, which of the following would be MOST effective in controlling schistosomiasis? A) elimination of stagnate water B) bed nets C) proper sewage and water treatment D) frequent sanitization of shared toilets, showers, and saunas

C) proper sewage and water treatment (pg.933)

12) The microorganism Cryptosporidium parvum is a A) fungus. B) bacterium. C) protozoan. D) virus.

C) protozoan (pg.929)

5) The MOST serious types of fungal infections are A) subcutaneous infections. B) mycotoxic infections. C) systemic mycoses. D) superficial mycoses.

C) systemic mycoses.

32) Which of the following filariases can be controlled by thoroughly cooking pork and wild game? A) elephantiasis B) river blindness C) trichinosis D) schistosomiasis

C) trichinosis (pg.934)

13) Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are highly resistant to A) heat. B) filtration. C) desiccation. D) chlorine.

D) chlorine (pg.930)

33) Which of the following filariases are transmitted by insect vectors? A) elephantiasis B) river blindness C) trichinosis D) elephantiasis and river blindness

D) elephantiasis and river blindness (pg.934)

15) An untreated Entamoeba histolytica infection can invade the A) liver. B) lungs. C) brain. D) liver, lungs, and brain.

D) liver, lungs, and brain (pg.928)

9) ALL fungal infections can broadly be termed A) benign. B) systemic. C) superficial. D) mycoses.

D) mycoses (pg.926)

14) The treatment regimen for people with normal immunity recovering from cryptosporidiosis includes A) multiple antibiotics. B) antihelmenthic chemotherapy. C) multiple antibiotics and careful monitoring of fluid levels. D) oral rehydration only.

D) oral rehydration only (pg.930)

4) Which of the following are malaria vaccines currently in development? A) synthetic peptide vaccines B) recombinant particle vaccines C) DNA vaccines D) synthetic peptide, recombinant particle and DNA vaccines

D) synthetic peptide, recombinant particle and DNA vaccines (pg. 932)

1) Malaria is A) the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. B) prevented or treated with chloroquine. C) controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector. D) the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide, although it can be controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector and prevented or treated with chloroquine.

D) the most common cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide, although it can be controlled by reducing the population of the mosquito vector and prevented or treated with chloroquine.

30) Schistosoma and Plasmodium species both require A) direct sexual contact for transmission. B) immunocompromised hosts. C) transmission by insect vectors. D) two hosts to complete their life cycle and reproduce.

D) two hosts to complete their life cycle and reproduce (pg. 933)

8) Eukaryotic human parasites are ALL respiratory aerobes.

False

4) Plasmodium vivax causes a more serious form of malaria than does P. falciparum.

False (pg.931)

9) Parasitic helminths only cause very rare tropical diseases.

False (pg.934)

2) As a malarial infection (Plasmodium falciparum) progresses, gametocytes are formed. The gametocytes unite in the bloodstream before being picked up by the insect vector.

True

3) The MOST effective malarial control measure is to interrupt the life cycle of the parasite by eliminating the obligate host, the Anopheles mosquito.

True

5) MOST fungi are harmless to humans, although certain superficial infections are quite common.

True

7) Protists that produce spores are especially difficult to kill because they contain cell membranes that are resistant to common disinfecting chemicals.

True

6) Giardia cysts are found in MOST surface water sources in the United States.

True (pg.929)

1) The malarial parasite growing within erythrocytes is more resistant than the free parasite to the drug chloroquine.

true