Chapter 36 bio 2 plant stuff 6

A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground. If the tree grows about 2 feet taller each year, where will the birdhouse be 25 years later? A. 50 feet B. 56 feet C. 26 feet D. 6 feet E. 4 feet

D. 6 feet

The water in a damaged root is seeping between cells and not moving into the vascular tissue. What part of the root has been damaged? A. Primary vascular tissue B. Pith C. Root hairs D. Casparian strip E. Root cap

D. Casparian strip

Which of the following is not true about meristems? A. They can be apical or lateral. B. Meristematic cells divide into two cells, one of which remains a meristem cell and another that becomes a plant body cell. C. Apical meristems give rise to three types of embryonic tissues. D. Meristematic cells are found only in eudicots and not in monocots. E. They are responsible for primary and secondary growth.

D. Meristematic cells are found only in eudicots and not in monocots.

Which statement about secondary growth in plants is not correct? A. Secondary growth in plants is a result of lateral meristems. Trees and shrubs have active lateral meristems. B. Secondary growth in plants increases the girth (diameter) of woody plants. C. Secondary growth in woody plants results from two cylinders of actively dividing cells, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. D. The cork cambium produces secondary phloem while the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem. E. Only some plants have secondary growth.

D. The cork cambium produces secondary phloem while the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem.

Linen is woven from strands of sclerenchyma _______ that occur in the phloem of flax (Linum spp.). A. tracheid B. sieve C. sclerid D. collenchyma E. fiber

E. fiber

Plant cells that give rise to two cells, one of which is free to differentiate into various kinds of cells that contribute to the plant body, are called A. endodermal cells. B. primary cells. C. lateral cells. D. parenchyma cells. E. meristematic cells.

E. meristematic cells.

Which of the following is not a modified stem? A. rhizome B. tendril C. tuber D. corm E. spine

E. spine

A stem that cannot increase in diameter is lacking what type of tissue? A. xylem B. ground meristem C. procambium D. protoderm E. vascular cambium

E. vascular cambium

You have been assigned the task of identifying the cells in a plant tissue sample. Using your microscope you determine the cells are living and their cell walls vary in thickness. Upon further observation you note that the cells are arranged in strands just below the epidermal surface. What cell type do you determine the cells to be? A. Collenchyma B. Parenchyma C. Sclerenchyma D. Sieve elements E. Tracheids

A. Collenchyma

Which of the following statements correctly describes the vascular cambium? A. It develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in dicots. B. It occurs only in monocot stems. C. It is important in the elongation of roots. D. It is formed by the ground meristem. E. It is responsible for all cell types that result from primary growth.

A. It develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in dicots.

All of the following describe characteristics of sclerenchyma cells, except which? A. Their function is primarily to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the leaf. B. They have thick, tough secondary walls. C. Their secondary walls may be impregnated with lignin. D. They form fibers and sclereids. E. They lack living protoplasts when mature.

A. Their function is primarily to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the leaf.

Primary growth in plants originates in A. apical meristems. B. lateral meristems. C. vascular cambium. D. cork cambium. E. tracheids.

A. apical meristems.

You are given a sample of plant tissue and asked to identify the type of tissue and its location in the plant. Using your microscope, you notice two distinct layers of cells. One layer contains cells that are tightly compacted together while the other layer has loosely arranged cells. The cells in both layers contain many chloroplasts. Based on this information, you determine the tissue is A. mesophyll tissue from a leaf. B. ground tissue from a stem. C. vascular tissue from a leaf. D. mesophyll tissue from a stem. E. vascular tissue from a root.

A. mesophyll tissue from a leaf.

Cell division in the apical meristems at the tips of a plant that results in increases in height or length is called A. primary growth. B. secondary growth. C. vascular cambium growth. D. mitotic growth. E. herbaceous growth.

A. primary growth.

Primary xylem and phloem are produced by the A. procambium. B. protoderm. C. leaf primordial. D. ground meristem. E. proembryo.

A. procambium.

Which of the following cell types is most efficient at conducting water horizontally in woody tissues? A. rays B. tracheids C. vessel elements D. fibers E. sieve tubes

A. rays

Which of the following cell types does not move materials through the body of the plant? A. sclerenchyma B. xylem vessel members C. sieve tube members D. tracheids E. sieve cells

A. sclerenchyma

The name of the meristem that ultimately gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem is the A. vascular cambium. B. cork cambium. C. intercalary meristems. D. ground meristem. E. primary meristem.

A. vascular cambium.

If you examined a cross section of a woody stem under the microscope and located the vascular cambium, the tissues on the inside of the vascular cambium ring (towards the center of the stem) would be A. xylem (primary and secondary). B. xylem (only primary). C. phloem (primary and secondary). D. phloem (only secondary). E. phelloderm.

A. xylem (primary and secondary)

A friend who is not a biologist tells you that she grows irises from iris roots. You explain to her that the "root" she is planting is not a root, but instead is called a rhizome. "Why?" she asked. You explain: A. "A root grows vertically, not horizontally." B. "A rhizome has nodes and internodes and is really a modified stem that can exist underground." C. "A root stores nutrients, but rhizomes are underground stems that do not store nutrients." D. "A rhizome, although a modified stem, acts as a root does. In other words a rhizome is a stem-root combination." E. "A rhizome is a modified root that is able to grow leaves."

B. "A rhizome has nodes and internodes and is really a modified stem that can exist underground."

Which statement concerning root hairs is not correct? A. Root hairs are tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells. B. A root hair is isolated from its epidermal cell with a cross wall. C. Root hairs generally live only a few days before being sloughed off. D. Root hairs increase the absorption of water and minerals. E. Root hairs are located in the zone of maturation of a root.

B. A root hair is isolated from its epidermal cell with a cross wall.

How could you distinguish between a root hair versus a very small root? A. Root hairs are white, while roots are brown. B. Root hairs are extensions of single cells, while roots are multicellular. C. Root hairs only absorb water, not nutrients like roots. D. Root hairs do not have a cuticle. E. The epidermis of a root hair is thinner than the epidermis of a root.

B. Root hairs are extensions of single cells, while roots are multicellular.

A growing root comes into contact with a chemical that inhibits the golgi apparatus. Which of the following would be a probable effect of this contact? A. The root would begin to growing in an upward direction. B. The root would not be slick enough to move through the soil easily. C. The root would begin to simultaneously grow in multiple directions. D. The root would produce too much mucilage and oxygen uptake would be inhibited. E. The root cap cells would begin to divide rapidly.

B. The root would not be slick enough to move through the soil easily.

Why does trimming the top of a plant make the plant bushier? A. Trimming disrupts vertical transport routes for water and nutrients while enhancing horizontal transport routes. B. Trimming damages or removes the apical meristem which activates the axillary meristems to grow. C. Trimming stimulates the plant to produce more rhizomes which results in more branches. D. Trimming forces leaves around the vicinity of the cuts to become reproductive leaves. E. Trimming stimulates the cork cambium to produce more secondary growth

B. Trimming damages or removes the apical meristem which activates the axillary meristems to grow.

Damage to the ground meristem of a plant would result in A. the inability to move water but not sugar through the plant. B. decreased sugar production. C. an increase of gas exchange at the surface of the leaf. D. dehydration of the plant. E. inability to move sugar but not water through the plant.

B. decreased sugar production

Various modifications in leaves can make plants better adapted to their habitats. Which of the following is not an evolutionary modification of leaves? A. floral leaves B. fruit-bearing leaves C. spines D. reproductive leaves E. insectivorous leaves

B. fruit-bearing leaves

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all types of cells derived from A. procambium tissue. B. ground tissue. C. vascular cambium tissue. D. cork cambium tissue. E. epidermal tissue.

B. ground tissue.

Compound leaves A. have two or more petioles per blade. B. have a blade divided into leaflets. C. are toothed at the edges. D. are alternately arranged. E. have palmate venation.

B. have a blade divided into leaflets

An increase in plant diameter results from cell division in which type of meristem? A. intercalary meristem B. lateral meristem C. primary meristem D. secondary meristem E. stele meristem

B. lateral meristem

The most distinctive characteristic of leaf mesophyll cells is that they are filled with A. central vacuoles. B. many chloroplasts. C. oxygen bubbles. D. veins. E. stomata.

B. many chloroplasts.

Which leaf tissue would be most directly affected by a non-functional rubisco enzyme? A. cuticle B. mesophyll tissue C. upper epidermis D. lower epidermis E. stoma

B. mesophyll tissue

You propose an experiment where root hairs are continuously treated with an antibiotic while nutrient levels in the plant tissue are monitored. Based on your knowledge of root hairs, you hypothesize the plant will experience a deficiency in what nutrient? A. potassium B. nitrogen C. calcium D. phosphorus E. carbon

B. nitrogen

The slender stalk that connects the flattened leaf blade to the stem in most dicots is the A. meristem. B. petiole. C. stele. D. receptacle. E. vein.

B. petiole.

You have been given a plant sample and asked to identify a specific tissue. Upon investigation, you find the cells are all long in length and some of them have small pores. They all contain fluid. You test the fluid using various biochemical tests and discover the fluid contains an abundance of monosaccharides. What type of tissue are you looking at? A. xylem B. phloem C. root hair cells D. sclerenchyma E. meristematic

B. phloem

The pattern of leaf arrangement on a stem is called A. protodermis. B. phyllotaxy. C. nodular termini. D. meristematic spacing. E. axillary arrangement.

B. phyllotaxy

Which of these is not a function of the root cap? A. gravity perception B. rapid cell division C. protection of the root tip D. pushing away soil particles as the root grows E. releasing a slimy lubricant fluid

B. rapid cell division

Annual rings in a tree trunk result from A. deposition of colored materials in the oldest cells. B. the variation in cell size due to different growth conditions throughout a year. C. the alternation of xylem and phloem produced in one year. D. the kinds of cells, parenchyma or sclerenchyma, produced by the cambium. E. the proportion of wood cells and cork cells in the xylem.

B. the variation in cell size due to different growth conditions throughout a year.

Root hairs grow actively in which area of the developing roots? A. root cap B. zone of maturation C. zone of elongation D. zone of cell division E. endodermis

B. zone of maturation

Axillary buds A. add length to a plant. B. develop into roots when water is scarce. C. form flowers or branches. D. increase the diameter of a stem. E. form lateral meristems.

C. form flowers or branches.

In the vascular bundles of most dicot stems, primary phloem differentiates toward the ________of the stem, while primary xylem differentiates toward the ________of the stem. A. middle; outside B. cork cambium; vascular cambium C. outside; middle D. shoot tip; roots E. middle; middle

C. outside; middle

Of the following structures, which one is not a specialized cell of the epidermis? A. guard cells B. trichomes C. sclereids D. root hairs E. oil glands

C. sclereids

Xylem tissue may contain each of these cell types, except which? A. vessel members B. tracheids C. sieve cells D. fibers E. rays

C. sieve cells

A plant that has the mutant form of the WEREWOLF gene (wer) would be identifiable by A. the excessive number of vascular bundles in stem. B. the lack of fibers in the outer portions of the stem. C. the abundance of microscopic hairs on the root. D. the extra thick layer of mesophyll cells in the leaf. E. the lack of microscopic hairs along the epidermis of the root.

C. the abundance of microscopic hairs on the root.

A major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems is the organization of the A. epidermis. B. conducting system. C. vascular tissue. D. secondary tissues. E. ground tissues.

C. vascular tissue.

Which of these can found in oak wood but not in pine wood? A. secondary xylem B. secondary phloem C. vessel members D. tracheids E. ray cells

C. vessel members

In an experiment, some herbaceous, nonwoody plants were exposed to frequent windy conditions or mechanical shaking for several hours per day. The flexibility of these plants was due to the _____________ cells. A. parenchyma B. aerenchyma C. periderm D. collenchyma E. sclerenchyma

D. collenchyma

You come across a recipe for rhubarb pie. Never having heard of rhubarb, you do a little research. You find out that the part of a rhubarb plant that people eat is the petiole of a large leaf. You purchase some rhubarb for your pie and notice that it contains many long stringy fibers. Based on your knowledge of plant tissues, you know that the stringy fibers are A. parenchyma tissue. B. phloem tissue. C. sclerenchyma tissue. D. collenchyma tissue. E. xylem tissue.

D. collenchyma tissue.

Primary growth at the apical meristems can produce cells that differentiate into each of these cell types, except which? A. leaves B. ground tissue C. procambium D. cork cambium E. epidermis

D. cork cambium

If the WER gene were expressed in every root epidermal cell, the plant would A. greatly increase its absorptive capacity. B. strengthen its attachment to the soil. C. increase in the diameter of its roots. D. greatly reduce its water and nutrient uptake. E. greatly reduce its ability to exchange gases at the epidermal surface.

D. greatly reduce its water and nutrient uptake.

Secondary phloem A. includes live companion cells and dead sieve cells. B. encompasses more stem volume than secondary xylem. C. primarily stores carbohydrates. D. is part of the inner bark. E. is produced by the cork cambium.

D. is part of the inner bark.

Which plant cells are the most common and the least specialized? A. epidermis B. collenchyma C. sclerenchyma D. parenchyma E. meristem

D. parenchyma

The waterproof cuticle covering the epidermis of land plants helps prevent dehydration, much like the skin of some land animals. As a consequence of having a cuticle, what other evolutionary adaptation was important for most land plants? A. the endodermis in the root B. root hairs on the root epidermis C. collenchyma fibers just beneath the surface of the epidermis D. stomata in the leaves E. trichomes on leaf surfaces

D. stomata in the leaves

Which of these is not a possible function of trichomes? A. reflect light from leaf surfaces B. store or secrete salt C. defend against insects D. structural support E. irritate potential herbivores

D. structural support

You are doing research on rodent populations in a cornfield at night and are hearing popping noises. Your research assistant is getting scared. Having taken biology, you can explain to your assistant that the popping sound is due to A. the apical meristem cells in the corn stalks elongating. B. the developing of the kernels of corn on the ears of the corn stalks. C. the expansion of the lateral meristems increasing the girth of the corn stalk. D. the growth of the intercalary meristems inside the corn stalk. E. the development of the tassels on top of the corn stalk.

D. the growth of the intercalary meristems inside the corn stalk.

What type of cells are joined end-to-end, conduct water and are connected to each other with strips of wall material? A. sieve cells B. tracheids C. sieve tube members D. vessel members E. companion cells

D. vessel members

Which of the following cell types conducts water most rapidly through a plant? A. parenchyma cells B. sclerenchyma cells C. sieve tubes D. vessel members E. phloem

D. vessel members

Your lab instructor hands you a root slide and asks you to show her a cell with condensed chromosomes arranged in a straight line. In which section of the root would you begin your search? A. It doesn't matter, all zones have the same level of mitotic activity. B. zone of elongation C. zone of maturation D. zone of cell division E. root cap

D. zone of cell division

You are asked to determine if a tissue sample taken from a plant stem comes from a monocot or eudicot. How will you accomplish this? A. Look at the ground tissue to see if it is arranged in concentric rings or in parallel bundles. B. Examine the vascular cambium and determine if it is divided into segments or is continuous throughout the stem. C. Determine if the xylem and phloem are located in separate vascular bundles or are bundled together. D. Examine the epidermis and determine the depth of the cuticle layer. E. Locate the vascular bundles and analyze their pattern.

E. Locate the vascular bundles and analyze their pattern.

In the annual rings of woody trees, how does the cell size within the xylem of the spring and summer wood compare to the fall and winter wood? A. It is more dense. B. It has smaller vessels. C. The cell walls are thicker. D. It is younger. E. The cells are larger.

E. The cells are larger.

In plants with only primary growth, the epidermis is not A. one cell thick. B. the outer protective coating of the plant. C. produced by the protoderm. D. covered by a waxy layer that constitutes the cuticle. E. covered with bark.

E. covered with bark.

In certain plants, some of the roots may be modified to carry out unusual functions. Which of these is not an example of one of these special functions? A. help absorb oxygen B. store food or water C. carry out photosynthesis D. parasitize other plants E. discourage herbivores

E. discourage herbivores