Chapter 39

Which hormone inhibits bone resorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone?

Calcitonin

The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. When the nurse is considering all of the various types of bone fractures, which bone type is most anticipated?

Cancellous

Which term refers to the shaft of the long bone?

Diaphysis

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the client to dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes?

Peroneal

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

Tear in the joint capsule

The emergency room nurse is reporting the location of a fracture to the client's primary care physician. When stating the location of the fracture on the long shaft of the femur, the nurse would be most correct to state which terminology locating the fractured site?

The fracture is on the diaphysis.

The nurse assesses soft subcutaneous nodules along the line of the tendons in a patient's hand and wrist. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

The patient has rheumatoid arthritis.

The nurse is conducting the admission assessment for a client who is to undergo an arthrogram. What is the priority question the nurse should ask?

"Do you have any allergies?"

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for falls. The best response by the nurse is:

"Muscles atrophy with aging."

A client with a sports injury undergoes a diagnostic arthroscopy of the left knee. What comment by the client following the procedure will the nurse address first?

"My toes are numb."

The older client asks the nurse how best to maintain strong bones. What is the nurse's best response?

"Weight-bearing exercises can strengthen bones."

The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography. Which information should be given by the nurse?

"You must remain very still during the procedure."

A patient tells the nurse, "I was working out and lifting weights and now that I have stopped, I am flabby and my muscles have gone!" What is the best response by the nurse?

"Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting but it will persist only if the exercise is continued."

Which body movement involves moving toward the midline?

Adduction

The nurse is providing care to a client following a knee arthroscopy. What would the nurse expect to include in the client's plan of care?

Administering the prescribed analgesic.

client arrives at the orthopedic physician's office stating knee pain sustained while playing soccer. A history and physical assessment is completed. The knee appears reddened with edema. Which other diagnostic testing would the nurse anticipate?

An arthroscopy

Which of the following factors would the nurse need to keep in mind about the focus of the initial history when assessing a new client with a musculoskeletal problem?

Any chronic disorder or recent injury

A client is having repeated tears of the joint capsule in the shoulder, and the health care provider orders an arthrogram. What intervention should the nurse provide after the procedure is completed? Select all that apply.

Apply a compression bandage to the area. Administer a mild analgesic. Inform the client that a clicking or crackling noise in the joint may persist for a couple of days

Which nursing action is most important in caring for the client following an arthrogram?

Apply ice to the joint.

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment. What will this assessment include?

Ask the client to plantar flex the toes.

Which hormone inhibits bone reabsorption and increases calcium deposit in the bone?

Calcitonin

Which of the following describes a muscle that is limp and without tone?

Flaccid

Which term refers to mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix?

Lamellae

A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?

Ossification and calcification

An instructor is describing the process of bone development. Which of the following would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?

Osteoblasts

Which cells are involved in bone resorption?

Osteoclasts

A client undergoes an invasive joint examination of the knee. What will the nurse closely monitor the client for?

Serous drainage

Which laboratory study indicates the rate of bone turnover?

Serum osteocalcin

A group of students are studying for an examination on joints. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of a synarthrodial joint?

Skull at the temporal and occipital bones

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrosis

The nurse is teaching a client about a vitamin that supports calcium's absorption. What vitamin is the nurse teaching the client about?

Vitamin D

A nurse provides nutritional health teaching to an adult client who had two fractures in 1 year. Besides recommending supplemental calcium, the nurse suggests a high-calcium diet. What would the nurse recommend that the client increase intake of?

Yogurt and cheese.

While reading a client's chart, the nurse notices that the client is documented to have paresthesia. The nurse plans care for a client with

abnormal sensations.

A client tells the health care provider about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The health care provider identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition will the nurse educate the client about?

bursitis

The nurse is admitting an older adult to a skilled nursing facility. What assessment parameters will the nurse expect to find with the musculoskeletal assessment? Select all that apply.

decreased endurance joint stiffness decreased range of motion

The nurse working in the emergency department receives a call from the x-ray department communicating that the client the nurse is caring for has a fracture in the shaft of the tibia. The nurse tells the physician that the client's fracture is in the

diaphysis

The nurse is conducting a community education program on hip fracture risk. The nurse evaluates that the participants understand the program when the participants determine that client at highest risk for a hip fracture is a(n)

80-year-old man recently widowed.

Which statement describes paresthesia?

Abnormal sensations

The nurse is discussing an older adult's risk for skeletal fractures with a group of students assigned to the clinical area. Which of the following would the nurse most likely explain as the underlying reason for the increased risk?

Bone resorption is more rapid than bone formation.

Which of the following is an example of a gliding joint?

Carpal bones in the wrist

What is the term for a rhythmic contraction of a muscle?

Clonus

A client is diagnosed with a bone tumor. What result would the nurse expect the blood tests to reveal?

Decreased serum calcium level

A group of students are reviewing the structure and function of bones. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they state that cortical bone is found primarily in which of the following?

Diaphyses

Which of the following is the most common site of joint effusion?

Knee

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Lordosis

Which of the following deformity causes a exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

Which of the following is the final stage of fracture repair?

Remodeling

Which of the following is an appropriate priority nursing diagnosis for the client following an arthrocentesis?

Risk for infection

What is the term for a lateral curving of the spine?

Scoliosis

A client reports being consistently tired, with no energy. The client's CBC indicates low hemoglobin. Where is hemoglobin manufactured?

ribs

A client is experiencing muscle weakness in the upper extremities. The client raises an arm above the head but then loses the ability to maintain the position. Muscular dystrophy is suspected. Which diagnostic test would evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration?

An electromyography

A client has undergone arthroscopy. After the procedure, the site where the arthroscope was inserted is covered with a bulky dressing. The client's entire leg is also elevated without flexing the knee. What is the appropriate nursing intervention required in caring for a client who has undergone arthroscopy?

Apply a cold pack at the insertion site.

The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension. When assessing the reflexes in the ankle, the nurse observes rhythmic contractions of the muscle when dorsiflexing the foot. What would the nurse document this finding as?

Clonus

The nurse is caring for a client scheduled to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nurse contacts the health care provider to cancel the MRI when the nurse reads which element in the client's medical history?

Cochlear implant

The nurse is evaluating a client's peripheral neurovascular status. Which would the nurse report to the health care provider as a circulatory indicator of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?

Cool skin

Which is a circulatory indicator of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?

Cool skin

Choose the correct statement about the endosteum, a significant component of the skeletal system:

Covers the marrow cavity of long bones

The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment of a client's injured extremity. Which would the nurse report?

Dusky or mottled skin color

A client is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. What is an example of this type of joint?

Elbow

A client has an elbow injury that involves the cartilage in that joint. The nurse understands that which type of cartilage has been affected?

Hyaline cartilage

The nurse is assessing the muscle tone of a client with cerebral palsy. Which description does the nurse determine to be an expected assessment of this client's muscle tone?

Hypertonic

A client is exhibiting diminished range of motion, loss of flexibility, stiffness, and loss of height. The history and physical findings are associated with age-related changes of which area?

Joints

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?

Kyphosis

The nurse would expect which of the following age-related change of the musculoskeletal system?

Loss of bone mass

The nurse is employed at a long-term care facility caring for geriatric clients. Which assessment finding is characteristic of an age-related change?

Loss of height

Which description refers to an osteon?

Microscopic functional bone unit

The nurse is working on an orthopedic floor caring for a client injured in a football game. The nurse is reviewing the client's chart noting that the client has previously had an injured tendon. The nurse anticipates an injury between the periosteum of the bone and which of the following?

Muscle

A client is scheduled to undergo an electromyography. When performed, what will this test evaluate?

Muscle weakness

A nurse knows that a person with a 3-week-old femur fracture is at the stage where angiogenesis is occurring. What are the characteristics of this stage?

New capillaries producing a bridge between the fractured bones.

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which statement is true?

No further increase in bone length occurs.

A group of students are reviewing information about bones in preparation for a quiz. Which of the following indicates that the students have understood the material?

Osteoclasts are involved in the destruction and remodeling of bone.

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (Select all that apply.)

Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color Cool temperature of the extremity More than 3-second capillary refill

The nurse observes a client with a shuffling gait. What disease is commonly associated with a shuffling gait?

Parkinson's disease

The nurse is conducting a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home. The client is unable to dorsiflex the right foot or extend the toes. The nurse evaluates this finding as an injury to which nerve?

Peroneal

Red bone marrow produces which of the following? Select all that apply.

Platelets White blood cells (WBCs) Red blood cells (RBCs)

A 10-year-old boy who was brought to the emergency room after a skiing accident is diagnosed with a fracture of the distal end of the femur. Why is this type of fracture significant?

Potential growth problems may result from damage to the epiphyseal plate.

A nurse performs a neurovascular assessment on a client 2 weeks after a wrist cast had been removed. The nurse documents in the client's chart that there is normal sensation in the ulnar nerve. What finger assessment test will the nurse perform on this client?

Prick the distal fat pad on the small finger.

Which nursing instruction is most important to stress when teaching on calcium intake?

Provide age-related calcium intake recommendations.

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a crushing injury of the lower extremities. Which of the following symptoms is essential to be reported to the physician?

Pulselessness

A client has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. What teaching will the nurse reinforce to the client about how the progress of bone healing will be monitored?

Serial x-rays will be taken.

A nurse practitioner assesses a patient's movement in his left hand after a cast is removed. The nurse asks the patient to turn his wrist so the palm of his hand is facing up. This movement is known as:

Supination.

A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which structure?

Tendon

A client is seen in the emergency room for a knee injury that happened during a basketball game. Diagnostic tests reveal torn cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. What type of tear has this client sustained?

Tendon

The nurse understands that bone maintenance requires a balance between forming and dissolving bone. What is a correct statement about the function of osteoblasts?

They secrete a matrix that consists of collagen.

A client visits the health care provider for a routine checkup. The history reveals that the client was diagnosed with a spinal curvature. Which region of the spine should the nurse assess for complications?

Thoracic

The nurse is teaching a client about osteoporosis. What diagnostic test will the nurse include with the client teaching?

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Fracture healing occurs in four areas, including the

external soft tissue.

A client has an exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine. What is this condition called?

kyphosis

There are thousands of components of the musculoskeletal system that facilitate mobility and independent function. The function of skeletal muscle is promoting:

movement of skeletal bones.

The nurse is conducting a medication reconciliation with a client admitted with a fracture. What medication predisposes a client for a risk for fractures?

prednisone