Chapter 3&4 test - human growth

which of the following is more likely to occur in the child of a women who smokes?

-preterm birth -low birth weight -fetal and neonatal death -SIDS -respiratory and cardiovascular issues

babies are born with

100 billion neurons

at the peak of neurogenisis, it is estimated that as many as ______ neurons are being generated every minute

200,000

the Brazelton neonatal behavioural assessment scale is typically performed within

24-36 hours after birth

at birth, the newborns brain is about ___ of its adult weight

25%

infants usually double their birth weight by the age of

4 months

in the first several days of life, most newborns lose_____ percent of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking, swallowing and digesting

5-7%

by the end of the fourth month, the fetus measures

6 inches

by ___ of age babies would usually have moved closer to adult like sleep patterns, spending most of the time sleeping at night and most of the time during the day; awake.

6 months

by the second birthday, the brain is about ___ of its adult weight

75%

which maternal disease is likely to be transmitted to the infant through breast feeding?

AIDS

Embryo and trophoblast

The blastocyst is composed of cells that will eventually develop into:

a national study of more than 3000 randomly selected 4 to 24 month olds documented that

US parents arent feeding their kids enough fruit/vegetables

a teratogen is any agent that can cause

a birth defect

placenta

a group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect

what percentage of an infants sleep is REM?

about half

The third stage of childbirth consists of

afterbirth; placenta, umbilical cord and other membranes detached/expelled

life support system for embryo

amnion, umbilical cord & placenta

the developmentilist who believed motor skills development comes about through maturation is

arnold gesell

the fibre that carries signals away from the neuron's cell body is called

axon

fetal period

begins 2 months after conception and lasts until birth

the fibre that carries signals towards the neuron's cell body is called

dendrites

intake of alcohol by both women and men during the weeks of conception increases risks of

early pregnancy loss

outermost layer of the embryo

ectoderm

gisela is having her first baby and has received a drug that will numb the entire lower area of her body during labor, she has been given;

epidural block

infant night waking problems have been consistently linked to

excessive parental involvement

Germinal period

first two weeks after conception

in the cerebral cortex, the ___ lobes are involved in voluntary movement, thinking, personality and intentionality or purpose

frontal

___ are skills that involve large - muscle activities, such as moving one's arm and walking

gross motor

The cerebral cortex has two ___, each of which is further divided into four ___

halves, main lobes

Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall its called:

implantation

Typical prenatal development

implantation through 8th week of pregnancy

__ involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities

intermodal perception

middle layer of embryo

mesoderm

midwives and doulas differ in that

midwives help deliver, doulas support the mother

mothers that consume more than 200 milligrams of caffeine a day increase their risk of

miscarriage

teratogen means

monster

A ___ is a layer of fat cells that encases many axons, insulates axons and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon

myelin sheath

the ___ lobes in there cerebral cortex function in vision

occipital

conception

occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube in a process called fertilisation

by two years, children have reached about ___ of their adult weight and about ___ of their adult height

one fifth, half

initially, infants grip with the whole hand, which is called

palmer grasp

the areas in the cerebral cortex that play important roles in registering spatial location, attention and motor control are known as

parietal lobes

the process in which the uterus returns to its pre pregnant size 5 to 6 weeks after birth is known as

post partum period

the food and drug administration recommends the following

pregnant women not consume caffeine or do so sparingly

placenta wall

prevents large molecules like red blood cells and harmful substances, such as most bacteria and maternal wastes, from entering the fetus.

the pattern of growth in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves towards the extremities

proximodistal pattern

___ are built in reactions to stimuli; govern the newborns movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborns control

reflexes

neuroscientists believe that what wires the brain or rewires it after birth is

repeated experience

___ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors - the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils and skin

sensation

___, a temporary cessation of breathing in which the airway is completely blocked, usually for 10 seconds or longer, is a risk factor for sids

sleep apnea

which maternal disease is characterised by eye lesions and skin lesions in the child?

syphilis

in the cerebral cortex, the ___ lobes have an active role in hearing, language processing and memory

temporal

Umbilical cord

the structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mothers body

the american academy of pediatrics and the american dietetic association strongly endorse breast feeding

throughout the first year

sequoia is a pregnant women that drinks heavily 3 to 4 days a week, her unborn child is at a high risk of

FASD

Blastocyst

One week after conception, the developing organism is called

average baby weight and height at birth:

20 inches 7 and 1/2 pound

the newborns vision is estimated to be ___ on the well known snellen chart used for eye examinations

20/240

The theorists who developed the ecological view of perceptual development in infancy are

Eleanor and James J Gibson

which drug acts on the nervous system to alter state of consciousness, modify perceptions and change moods?

Psychoactive drugs