Chapter 4-5 PSY 3121

--a precursor to two schools of psychology: Gestalt and humanism

Brentano

Wundt's Cultural Psychology was an attempt to investigate the effects of group membership on decision making.

false

Wundt's cultural psychology gained acclaim by distinguishing itself from philosophy.

false

Wundt's student, E. B. Titchener developed nonsense syllables from the ideas of Aristotle.

false

Wundt's work on feeling states falsified Stumpf's tridimensional theory of feelings.

false

According to Wundt, psychologists should be concerned with the study of immediate experience rather than Mediate experience.

true

Apperception is the process of organizing mental elements into a whole.

true

Brentano argued that mental acts could be studied by memory and imagination.

true

Brentano's act psychology questioned the Wundtian view that mental processes involve contents or elements.

true

Ebbinghaus invented nonsense syllables.

true

Ebbinghaus's work on learning and forgetting has been judged one of the great instances of original genius in experimental psychology.

true

Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics was the "first conquest" of experimental psychology.

true

For Wundt, immediate experience is unbiased or untainted by any personal interpretations.

true

For Wundt, the elements of the mind are sensations and feelings.

true

For Wundt, the subject matter of experimental psychology was consciousness.

true

If you look at a rose and report "The rose is red" then you are describing immediate experience.

true

Imageless thought is the idea that meanings in thought do not necessarily involve specific images.

true

Immediate experience is not in the object itself but is instead in the experience of something.

true

In his act psychology, Brentano argued that the proper subject matter for psychology is mental activity, such as the mental action of seeing rather than the mental content of what a person sees.

true

In terms of the Zeitgeist of 19th-century German universities, the time was right for Wundtian psychology.

true

Kulpe developed systematic experimental introspection.

true

Külpe emphasized qualitative reports from his observers.

true

Mediate experience provides us with information or knowledge about something other than the elements of an experience.

true

Paramount among the factors that contributed to the demise of Wundtian psychology was World War I and the economic crisis that followed it.

true

Phenomenology is the examination of unbiased experience—experience just as it occurs.

true

Phenomenology was the type of observation of experience preferred by Stumpf.

true

Psychology was established as an independent discipline with Wundt's Principles of Physiological Psychology.

true

Schultz and Schultz compare Ebbinghaus's conception of memory with the process of association espoused by the British empiricists.

true

Stumpf favored the kind of introspection known as phenomenology.

true

Systematic experimental introspection is first, having subjects perform a complex task, then provide a retrospective report.

true

The basic distinction between Wundt's and Brentano's systems was that the former's was experimental and the latter's was empirical.

true

The power of the will to organize the mind's contents into higher-level thought processes was termed voluntarism.

true

Voluntarism is a term Wundt derived from the word volition, defined as the act or power of willing.

true

Watt's work was important for its identification of unconscious determining tendencies that subjects manifested.

true

Wundt arrived at three independent dimensions of feeling in his tridimensional theory of feelings: pleasure/displeasure, tension/relaxation, and excitement/depression.

true

Wundt decided that the method of observation must necessarily involve introspection.

true

Wundt's data were objective measures.

true

Wundt's explanation for feeling states was the tridimensional theory of feelings.

true

Titchener abandoned Wundt's notion of voluntarism but retained the concept of apperception.

False

Titchener defined exactly what he meant by the introspective method.

False

Titchener excluded women from his Experimentalist Society and generally discouraged their professional work in psychology.

False

Titchener fully accepted and was a "champion" of Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings.

False

Titchener used "reagent" to describe his introspective observers, which demonstrates his solidly anti-mechanistic approach.

False

Titchener's attributes of mental elements were sensations, images, and affective states.

False

Titchener's elementary states of consciousness were Quality, Intensity, Duration, and Clearness.

False

Titchener's focus was on the synthesis of elements of consciousness into higher-order cognitive processes.

False

--Ebbinghaus was inspired by ____'s careful experimental methods

Fechner

--many of ____'s findings on quantifying higher mental processes are still valid today

Ebbinghaus

According to Titchener, independent experience separates psychology from other sciences, because observation of the conscious mind is necessarily independent from the observer.

False

Among Titchener's most influential works on the direction of the new psychology in the United States was The Animal Mind.

False

Because there was often a time lapse between an event and Titchener's introspectionists' reports of the event, critics called it inspection instead of introspection

False

Compared to other professors of the time, Titchener worked with few women to attain their PhDs

False

Compared to other professors of the time, Titchener worked with few women to attain their PhDs.

False

Deficits of structuralism are the very fuzzy definition of consciousness it provided, its disregard for good scientific controls, and the fact that no form of introspection is used by any modern psychologists to study conscious experiences.

False

Late in his career, Titchener began to use the term "structuralpsychology" instead of the term ' "existential psychology" to label his system.

False

More women received their PhDs working with Titchener than from anyone else in his time.

False

One of Titchener's more influential books was Elements of Psychophysics.

False

--proposed that some thought occurs without any sensory or imaginal content

Kulpe

Wundt debated questions about "soul," vehemently arguing that such was the subject matter of philosophy and religion.

false

"Conscious experience as it is dependent upon the experiencing person" was Titchener's definition of the topic of study for psychology.

True

Because there was often a time lapse between an event and Titchener's introspectionists' reports of the event, critics called it retrospection instead of introspection.

True

For Titchener, consciousness is the sum of our experiences as they exist at a given moment in time, while mind is the sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime.

True

Kant had attacked the method of introspection a century before Titchener's work.

True

Later in his career, Titchener adopted the designation "existential psychology" for his system.

True

The stimulus error happens when the researcher confuses the mental process with the object under observation.

True

Titchener adopted Külpe's term for introspection, "systematic experimental introspection."

True

Titchener basically rejected Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings.

True

Titchener used "reagent" to describe his introspective observers, which demonstrates his mechanistic leanings.

True

Titchener warned against committing what he called the stimulus error.

True

Titchener's attributes of mental elements were Quality, Intensity, Duration, and Clearness.

True

Titchener's elementary states of consciousness were sensations, images, and affective states.

True

When Titchener died, the era of structuralism collapsed.

True

With Titchener, introspective reports tended to be detailed and subjective compared to Wundt's, which tended to be brief and objective

True

With Titchener, introspective reports tended to be detailed and subjective compared to Wundt's, which tended to be brief and objective.

True

--in his early studies he was trying to determine if he could pay attention to two things at once

Wundt

Wundt arrived at three dependent dimensions of feeling in his tridimensional theory of feelings: pleasure, relaxation, and excitement.

false

According to Wundt, psychologists should be concerned with the study of Mediate experience rather than immediate experience.

false

Among Wundt's rules for introspection was that the subject/observer was not to be forewarned because a preparatory set (expectation) would interfere with the immediate experience.

false

Apperception is the process of separating mental elements into their constituent parts.

false

Brentano's act psychology supported the Wundtian view that mental processes involve contents or elements.

false

Ebbinghaus adopted the idea of nonsense syllables from Freud.

false

Fechner is the founder of psychology as a formal discipline.

false

For Wundt, as stated in the Original Source Material, physical measurements and psychical measurements essentially have to do with the same thing.

false

For Wundt, immediate experience is almost always biased or tainted by personal interpretations.

false

Imageless thought is the idea that superficial thoughts do not involve specific images.

false

In his act psychology, Brentano argued that the proper subject matter for psychology is mental content, such as the content of what a person sees.

false

In the Original Source Material, Wundt states that ,"the law of psychical resultants expresses a principle that is the opposite of the principle of creative synthesis".

false

Introspection is the experimenter's examination of a subject's mental state.

false

Kulpe rejected any attempt at doing systematic experimental introspection.

false

Mediate experience provides us with information or knowledge about the elements of an experience.

false

Phenomenology is the examination of subjective experience as it is remembered by the subject.

false

Stumpf's introspection techniques were opposed to phenomenology.

false

Systematic experimental introspection is having subjects predict the results of a complex task performed later.

false

The book, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, was a defining work for the British laws of association.

false

The components of the tridimensional theory are pleasantness, brightness, and contrast.

false

The method of systematic experimental introspection was developed by Wundt.

false

The power of the environment to organize the mind's contents into higher-level thought processes was termed voluntarism.

false

Voluntarism is a term Wundt derived from the word volition, defined as the act of volunteering for his experiments.

false