Chapter 4-5 PSY 3121
--a precursor to two schools of psychology: Gestalt and humanism
Brentano
Wundt's Cultural Psychology was an attempt to investigate the effects of group membership on decision making.
false
Wundt's cultural psychology gained acclaim by distinguishing itself from philosophy.
false
Wundt's student, E. B. Titchener developed nonsense syllables from the ideas of Aristotle.
false
Wundt's work on feeling states falsified Stumpf's tridimensional theory of feelings.
false
According to Wundt, psychologists should be concerned with the study of immediate experience rather than Mediate experience.
true
Apperception is the process of organizing mental elements into a whole.
true
Brentano argued that mental acts could be studied by memory and imagination.
true
Brentano's act psychology questioned the Wundtian view that mental processes involve contents or elements.
true
Ebbinghaus invented nonsense syllables.
true
Ebbinghaus's work on learning and forgetting has been judged one of the great instances of original genius in experimental psychology.
true
Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics was the "first conquest" of experimental psychology.
true
For Wundt, immediate experience is unbiased or untainted by any personal interpretations.
true
For Wundt, the elements of the mind are sensations and feelings.
true
For Wundt, the subject matter of experimental psychology was consciousness.
true
If you look at a rose and report "The rose is red" then you are describing immediate experience.
true
Imageless thought is the idea that meanings in thought do not necessarily involve specific images.
true
Immediate experience is not in the object itself but is instead in the experience of something.
true
In his act psychology, Brentano argued that the proper subject matter for psychology is mental activity, such as the mental action of seeing rather than the mental content of what a person sees.
true
In terms of the Zeitgeist of 19th-century German universities, the time was right for Wundtian psychology.
true
Kulpe developed systematic experimental introspection.
true
Külpe emphasized qualitative reports from his observers.
true
Mediate experience provides us with information or knowledge about something other than the elements of an experience.
true
Paramount among the factors that contributed to the demise of Wundtian psychology was World War I and the economic crisis that followed it.
true
Phenomenology is the examination of unbiased experience—experience just as it occurs.
true
Phenomenology was the type of observation of experience preferred by Stumpf.
true
Psychology was established as an independent discipline with Wundt's Principles of Physiological Psychology.
true
Schultz and Schultz compare Ebbinghaus's conception of memory with the process of association espoused by the British empiricists.
true
Stumpf favored the kind of introspection known as phenomenology.
true
Systematic experimental introspection is first, having subjects perform a complex task, then provide a retrospective report.
true
The basic distinction between Wundt's and Brentano's systems was that the former's was experimental and the latter's was empirical.
true
The power of the will to organize the mind's contents into higher-level thought processes was termed voluntarism.
true
Voluntarism is a term Wundt derived from the word volition, defined as the act or power of willing.
true
Watt's work was important for its identification of unconscious determining tendencies that subjects manifested.
true
Wundt arrived at three independent dimensions of feeling in his tridimensional theory of feelings: pleasure/displeasure, tension/relaxation, and excitement/depression.
true
Wundt decided that the method of observation must necessarily involve introspection.
true
Wundt's data were objective measures.
true
Wundt's explanation for feeling states was the tridimensional theory of feelings.
true
Titchener abandoned Wundt's notion of voluntarism but retained the concept of apperception.
False
Titchener defined exactly what he meant by the introspective method.
False
Titchener excluded women from his Experimentalist Society and generally discouraged their professional work in psychology.
False
Titchener fully accepted and was a "champion" of Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings.
False
Titchener used "reagent" to describe his introspective observers, which demonstrates his solidly anti-mechanistic approach.
False
Titchener's attributes of mental elements were sensations, images, and affective states.
False
Titchener's elementary states of consciousness were Quality, Intensity, Duration, and Clearness.
False
Titchener's focus was on the synthesis of elements of consciousness into higher-order cognitive processes.
False
--Ebbinghaus was inspired by ____'s careful experimental methods
Fechner
--many of ____'s findings on quantifying higher mental processes are still valid today
Ebbinghaus
According to Titchener, independent experience separates psychology from other sciences, because observation of the conscious mind is necessarily independent from the observer.
False
Among Titchener's most influential works on the direction of the new psychology in the United States was The Animal Mind.
False
Because there was often a time lapse between an event and Titchener's introspectionists' reports of the event, critics called it inspection instead of introspection
False
Compared to other professors of the time, Titchener worked with few women to attain their PhDs
False
Compared to other professors of the time, Titchener worked with few women to attain their PhDs.
False
Deficits of structuralism are the very fuzzy definition of consciousness it provided, its disregard for good scientific controls, and the fact that no form of introspection is used by any modern psychologists to study conscious experiences.
False
Late in his career, Titchener began to use the term "structuralpsychology" instead of the term ' "existential psychology" to label his system.
False
More women received their PhDs working with Titchener than from anyone else in his time.
False
One of Titchener's more influential books was Elements of Psychophysics.
False
--proposed that some thought occurs without any sensory or imaginal content
Kulpe
Wundt debated questions about "soul," vehemently arguing that such was the subject matter of philosophy and religion.
false
"Conscious experience as it is dependent upon the experiencing person" was Titchener's definition of the topic of study for psychology.
True
Because there was often a time lapse between an event and Titchener's introspectionists' reports of the event, critics called it retrospection instead of introspection.
True
For Titchener, consciousness is the sum of our experiences as they exist at a given moment in time, while mind is the sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime.
True
Kant had attacked the method of introspection a century before Titchener's work.
True
Later in his career, Titchener adopted the designation "existential psychology" for his system.
True
The stimulus error happens when the researcher confuses the mental process with the object under observation.
True
Titchener adopted Külpe's term for introspection, "systematic experimental introspection."
True
Titchener basically rejected Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings.
True
Titchener used "reagent" to describe his introspective observers, which demonstrates his mechanistic leanings.
True
Titchener warned against committing what he called the stimulus error.
True
Titchener's attributes of mental elements were Quality, Intensity, Duration, and Clearness.
True
Titchener's elementary states of consciousness were sensations, images, and affective states.
True
When Titchener died, the era of structuralism collapsed.
True
With Titchener, introspective reports tended to be detailed and subjective compared to Wundt's, which tended to be brief and objective
True
With Titchener, introspective reports tended to be detailed and subjective compared to Wundt's, which tended to be brief and objective.
True
--in his early studies he was trying to determine if he could pay attention to two things at once
Wundt
Wundt arrived at three dependent dimensions of feeling in his tridimensional theory of feelings: pleasure, relaxation, and excitement.
false
According to Wundt, psychologists should be concerned with the study of Mediate experience rather than immediate experience.
false
Among Wundt's rules for introspection was that the subject/observer was not to be forewarned because a preparatory set (expectation) would interfere with the immediate experience.
false
Apperception is the process of separating mental elements into their constituent parts.
false
Brentano's act psychology supported the Wundtian view that mental processes involve contents or elements.
false
Ebbinghaus adopted the idea of nonsense syllables from Freud.
false
Fechner is the founder of psychology as a formal discipline.
false
For Wundt, as stated in the Original Source Material, physical measurements and psychical measurements essentially have to do with the same thing.
false
For Wundt, immediate experience is almost always biased or tainted by personal interpretations.
false
Imageless thought is the idea that superficial thoughts do not involve specific images.
false
In his act psychology, Brentano argued that the proper subject matter for psychology is mental content, such as the content of what a person sees.
false
In the Original Source Material, Wundt states that ,"the law of psychical resultants expresses a principle that is the opposite of the principle of creative synthesis".
false
Introspection is the experimenter's examination of a subject's mental state.
false
Kulpe rejected any attempt at doing systematic experimental introspection.
false
Mediate experience provides us with information or knowledge about the elements of an experience.
false
Phenomenology is the examination of subjective experience as it is remembered by the subject.
false
Stumpf's introspection techniques were opposed to phenomenology.
false
Systematic experimental introspection is having subjects predict the results of a complex task performed later.
false
The book, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, was a defining work for the British laws of association.
false
The components of the tridimensional theory are pleasantness, brightness, and contrast.
false
The method of systematic experimental introspection was developed by Wundt.
false
The power of the environment to organize the mind's contents into higher-level thought processes was termed voluntarism.
false
Voluntarism is a term Wundt derived from the word volition, defined as the act of volunteering for his experiments.
false
