Chapter 4 A tour of the cell

Which one of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

How is it possible that antibiotics can target bacterial cells in your body without harming your own cells?

Antibiotics target aspects of bacterial cells that human cells lack

Which one of the following lists the steps involved in the production of new proteins in the appropriate order and correctly describes each step?

DNA transfers information to mRNA...mRNA travels from nucleus to cytoplasm... ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins

What is the most likely pathway to be taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The final protein in the plasma membrane was slightly different from the protein made by the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi apparatus

You look into a microscope and view an unknown cell. What might you see that would tell you whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

Why are MRSA infections more common in health-care settings?

There is more antibiotic use in health-care settings, which results in more antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

Why are antibiotic-resistant bacteria becoming more common?

Widespread antibiotic use encourages natural selection of bacteria with mutations that provide resistance to these antibiotics.

A certain cell has a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and a nucleoid region. Based on this information, it could be __________.

a bacterium

The endomembrane system does all of the following except __________.

act as the control center of the cell

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, __________.

have an inner membrane and outer membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are __________

metabolically active

Taxol is a drug that can kill rapidly dividing cells. When taxol is added, cells are unable to complete cell division. Taxol most likely affects the function of __________.

microtubules

Some poisons, such as cyanide and arsenic, bind to molecules involved in the synthesis of ATP. If a cell is exposed to these poisons, most of them would be found in the __________.

mitochondria

Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic animal cell?

mitochondrion

A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the parts from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the

nucleus

Which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in the pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes that function in the small intestine?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

secrete a lot of material

What is the advantage of the extensive infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria?

to increase the surface area to maximize ATP production