KINE 250 Final Set

Calorie per gram of alcohol

0 Calories

RDA for protein

0.8 g/kg of body weight

Tobacco smoking and the high blood pressure it often causes are responsible for how many deaths in the United States each year? 1 in 20 1 in 15 1 in 10 1 in 5

1 in 5

Meghan is an adult who wants to gain positive health benefits from physical activity. In order to meet this goal, she must do which of the following? 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity along with 5 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity along with 3 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity and at least 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 75 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity along with 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week

150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity and at least 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week

MyPlate: Fruits

2 cups

In strength training, what rest period is recommended between exercises that use large muscle groups? 2 to 3 minutes 1 to 2 minutes 30 seconds 3 to 4 minutes

2 to 3 minutes

MyPlate: Vegetables

2.5 to 3 cups a day

Female Body Fat

20 to 30 percent total body fat; 35is overweight; 8 and 15 percent underweight

The recommended daily amount of fiber consumption for adults is __________. 20-35 percent of total calories 130 grams per day 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men 0.8 grams (g) per kilogram (kg) of body weight

25 grams for women and 38 grams for men

Approximately how many Americans have no health insurance? 35 million 5 million 15 million 25 million

25 million

An average adult has 25 to 35 million fat cells. 250 to 350 billion fat cells. 25 to 35 billion fat cells. 250 to 350 million fat cells.

25 to 35 billion fat cells.

MyPlate: Dairy

3 cups

The body fat percentage below which a male is considered to be underweight is 3 percent to 7 percent. 1 percent to 2 percent. 8 percent to 15 percent. 8 percent to 10 percent.

3 percent to 7 percent.

What is the minimum of physical activity needed each day to provide substantial health benefits? 20 minutes 30 minutes 45 minutes 40 minutes

30 minutes

RDA for fiber

38 grams for adult men 25 grams for adult women

Calorie per gram of carb

4 Calories

Calorie per gram of protein

4 Calories

MyPlate: Protein

5.5 to 6.5 ounces per day

What percentage of older men with moderate-to-high levels of stress in their lives over the years have an increased risk of death? 60 percent 50 percent 40 percent 30 percent

50 percent

What percentage of an adult's body weight is water? 50-70 percent 30-50 percent 80-90 percent 10-30 percent

50-70 percent

MyPlate: Grains

6 to 8 ounce a day

Male Body Fat

8 and 20 percent total body fat; 22 is overweight; 3 and 7 percent underweight

Calorie per gram of fat

9 Calories

How much water do you need each day?

9 cups for females 13 cups for males

All of the following are part of the ABCD rule for skin cancer EXCEPT __________. B = border irregularity C = color differences D = diameter greater than 6mm A = atypical alignment

A = atypical alignment A = asymmetrical shapes, B = border irregularity, C = color differences, and D = diameter greater than 6 mm.

Diabetes Type 2

A chronic condition where the body does not use insulin properly and becomes insulin resistant.

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors? A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize. A benign tumor is always harmless, whereas a malignant tumor can be fatal. A malignant tumor is usually encapsulated and can metastasize. A benign tumor can invade surrounding tissue, producing mutant cells, but it will not metastasize.

A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.

Social Health

Ability to maintain interpersonal relationships with friends, family members, and partners.

Intelectual Health

Ability to think clearly and use brainpower effectively to meet life's challanges.

Medical Health Model

Absence of Disease. Focus on Treatment

General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)

Alarm Stage, Resistance Stage, Exhaustion stage

Which of the following are the most significant factors in determining access to health care? Having insurance coverage The supply of medical providers and health-care facilities All options are correct. The proximity of medical providers and health-care facilities

All options are correct.

Which of the following is a component of the body's inflammatory response, which indicates that invading organisms are being fought systematically? All options are correct. Swelling Heat Redness Pain

All options are correct.

essential amino acids

Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eat in foods

Which of the following is a common medication that can be purchased over-the-counter? Analgesics Antibiotics Hormonal contraceptives Cholesterol-lowering drugs

Analgesics

Which condition results from the body's inability to produce hemoglobin? Scurvy Brittle bones Impaired blood clotting Anemia

Anemia

Which of the following substances produce enzymes that destroy free radicals? Proteins Antioxidants Hormones Carotenoids

Antioxidants

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart? Capillaries Arteries Venules Veins

Arteries

Kevin received a vaccination by way of injection. Which type of immunity did he receive? Artificially acquired active immunity Drug-resistant immunity Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity

Artificially acquired active immunity

Healthy People 2020 Goals

Attain High quality longer lives free of preventable diseases, Achieve health equity, create social and physical enviroments that promote good health for all, promote quality of Life healthy development and healthy behaviors across all stages of life.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

BMR plus any additional energy expended through daily sedentary activities.

Emotional Health

Being able to appropriately express yourself. Self-Esteem, Self-Confidence.

Wellness

Being in good Physical and Mental Health

Resistance Stage

Body resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and body maintains a higher level of resistance

Exhaustion Stage

Body runs out of adaptation energy stores and resistance drops below normal

Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise? Brisk walking Fast repetitions using free weights Stretching exercises A sequence of yoga postures

Brisk walking

Your father was laid off six months ago but recently started a new job. He was able to keep his health insurance during the transition through Medicare. COBRA. Social Security. Medicaid.

COBRA.

Which important mineral is obtained primarily from milk, dairy products, and certain green vegetables? Iron Potassium Iodine Calcium

Calcium

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Miguel is a cross-country runner who can sustain moderate-intensity, whole-body physical activity for an extended period of time. This ability reflects which component of physical fitness? Flexibility Cardiorespiratory fitness Low body weight Muscular strength and endurance

Cardiorespiratory fitness

A well-designed exercise program will include which of the following components? Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, body composition, and muscle strength and endurance Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle endurance, physique and body composition Cardiorespiratory fitness, fit test, muscle strength, and muscle endurance Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, physique, and body composition

Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, body composition, and muscle strength and endurance

What is the leading cause of death and disability in America today? Accidents Homicide Suicide Chronic diseases

Chronic diseases

Which chronic disease is associated with the consumption of trans fatty acids? Cancer Osteoporosis Coronary heart disease Diabetes

Coronary heart disease

Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to allow the body to make energy more readily available from stored nutrients? Cortisol Epinephrine Melatonin ACTH

Cortisol

Fad Diets

Cut out a certain food group or limit its intake Replace an actual meal with a meal replacement bar or drink Have rapid weight loss (more than an 1-2 pounds per week)

Yo-Yo Diet

Cycles in which people repeatedly gain and lose weight. This lowers their BMR, and typically leads to weight gain

Self-Efficacy

Describe a person's belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior

Portion Control

Eat with your hands 3 oz of meat: Palm of hand Pasta: Front of clenched fist Teaspoon: Fingertip 2 tbsp.: Thumb knuckle to tip 1 cup: Clenched fist

The gradual destruction of the alveoli in a smoker's lungs will usually cause which respiratory condition? Pneumonia Emphysema Asthma Bronchitis

Emphysema

Which type of calories are obtained from foods that have no significant nutritional value? Refined Nutrient-dense Empty Minimal

Empty

After trying for several years to become pregnant, Eli and Jasmine recently found out that they are going to have a baby. They are feeling which type of stress? Strain Anxiety Distress Eustress

Eustress

Which of the following is NOT one of the top ten reported impediments to academic performance? Sleep difficulties Depression Stress Excessive exercise

Excessive exercise

A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness. True False

False

All physicians must accept Medicare patients. True False

False

An optometrist holds a medical degree and can perform eye surgery. True False

False

Cost sharing is one of the mechanisms private health care insurers use to help patients afford coverage. True False

False

Most fast food chains do not offer nutritional analyses of their food. True False

False

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of muscles in the lower back. True False

False

The increase in type 2 diabetes in the United States is thought to be primarily due to genetic factors. True False

False

The placebo effect is the disappearance of symptoms without any apparent reason or treatment. True False

False

Which group of vitamins can be toxic in large amounts because the excess is not excreted in urine and can accumulate in the liver? Fat-soluble Carotenoids B-complex Water-soluble

Fat-soluble

Saturated Fats

Fatty acid chains lack double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, solid at room temp and bad fats, major source is animals

Unsaturated Fats

Fatty acids that do not have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible; liquid at room temperature; at least one pair of carbon atoms is joined by a double bond

Which of the following protects against obesity, colon and rectal cancers, and heart disease? Trans fatty acids Iron Protein Fiber

Fiber

When we perceive danger or experience stress, which response occurs in the body? Resistance Fight-or-flight Exhaustion Adaptation

Fight-or-flight

When shopping for cross-training or running shoes, which aspects should be your primary consideration? Shock absorption, price, and style Fit, comfort, and shock absorption Color, fit, and comfort Brand, price, and fit

Fit, comfort, and shock absorption

Susie uses a prescription medication that is sold under its chemical name. What type of medication does she use? Brand-name Generic Holistic Over-the-counter

Generic

What is the primary advantage of using a generic drug instead of a brand-name drug? Generic drugs are more widely available than brand-name drugs. Generic drugs have different active ingredients than brand-name drugs, so they may be better for patients with allergies. Generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs and may cost much less. Generic drugs are more widely advertised than brand-name drugs.

Generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs and may cost much less.

GMO

Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different organism.

Which of the following statements is true of HPV? There are over 100 different types of HPV that are sexually transmitted. An HPV vaccine is in development but not yet on the market. Antibiotics are used to cure HPV. Genital warts are caused by the low-risk types of HPV.

Genital warts are caused by the low-risk types of HPV.

Which of the following is a common waterborne protozoan disease? Giardiasis West Nile virus Malaria Trichomoniasis

Giardiasis

The body converts carbohydrates into which type of sugar that is used for energy? Starch Glucose Maltose Glycogen

Glucose

Which of the following types of cholesterol transports cholesterol to the liver for removal from the body? LDL ADL HDL VLDL

HDL

The virus responsible for causing genital warts is syphilis. HPV. chlamydia. hepatitis B.

HPV

Spiritual Health

Having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life

Public Health Model

Health is the dynamic interaction of the individual and his/her social and physical environment

Once a person is infected, which one of these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains in the body for life, regardless of treatment? Herpes Syphilis Gonorrhea Chlamydia

Herpes

Which of the following characteristics of a Type A personality is the most detrimental to health? Competitiveness Hostility Perfectionism Drive to achieve

Hostility

Environmental Health

How the outside world affects your health

Cervical cancer has been linked to which sexually transmitted infection? Chlamydia pneumoniae Herpes simplex Human papillomavirus (HPV) Hepatitis B

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which of the following is a potentially fatal condition resulting from abnormally low core body temperature? Heat exhaustion Hyperthermia Hypothermia Hypertension

Hypothermia

Which of the following is NOT included in the MyPlate plan? Replace sugary drinks with water. Include full-fat dairy products in the diet to obtain adequate amounts of calcium. Avoid oversize portions. Make half your plate fruits and vegetables, one quarter grains (preferably whole grains), and one quarter protein.

Include full-fat dairy products in the diet to obtain adequate amounts of calcium.

Determinants of Health

Individual behavior, biology, genetics, social factors, health services, policymaking

Prior to the 1900s, what was the leading cause of death in America? Heart disease Homicide Infectious disease Accidents

Infectious disease

Which of the following is TRUE about target heart rate? It is the threshold level of exercise at which one cannot talk and exercise comfortably. It is a percentage of your maximum heart rate. It varies by a person's body weight. It is a measure of the heart rate after 20 minutes of exercise.

It is a percentage of your maximum heart rate.

John is using the SMART system to help him set goals for improving his physical fitness. Which of the following is an example of "A" (action-oriented) in the SMART system? John watches infomercials about exercise equipment. John determines his weight-lifting program will last 8 weeks. John thinks about which form of physical activity he would like to begin. John meets with a personal trainer to determine his workout plan for home and the gym.

John meets with a personal trainer to determine his workout plan for home and the gym.

Which of the following are white blood cells that assist in the immune response? Antigens Lymphocytes Antibiotics Staphylococci

Lymphocytes

Which of the following is a highly resistant form of staph infection that is becoming more prevalent? Scarlet fever MRSA Streptococcal pharyngitis HIV

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Which of the following is a time-management tip that can help reduce stress? Don't open your bills right away if you know you are behind on payments. Don't bother cleaning up clutter until you have time to do it correctly. Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them. Take a day off to relax even if you have assignments due immediately.

Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them.

Deborah is a 24-year-old single mother on welfare. Her medical bills are paid by a federal-state health insurance program for low-income individuals known as __________. Medicare Medicaid Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Managed Care

Medicaid

The federal health insurance program that covers 99 percent of adults age 65 and older is __________. Medicare Affordable Insurance Exchange Medicaid COBRA

Medicare

The federally funded health insurance program that covers 99 percent of the U.S. population age 65 and older is COBRA. Medicaid. Social Security. Medicare.

Medicare.

Which statement BEST summarizes the association between exercise and improved immunity? Regular exercise does not have any correlation to a healthy immune system. Long-term, heavy exercisers get the most gain in immunity versus those who exercise only moderately. The most significant improvements in immunity are seen when a moderate exerciser begins a more intense exercise program. Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.

Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.

What percentage of college students report that they have worried frequently about their ability to pay for their education? What percentage reported that their finances had been very difficult to handle during the past 12 months? More than 85 percent; 73.6 percent More than 60 percent; 48.2 percent More than 75 percent; 64.5 percent More than 50 percent; 34.4 percent

More than 50 percent; 34.4 percent

Sodium

Necessary for the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure

NREM

Non-Rem period of restful sleep.

Antioxidants

Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals

In any behavior change plan, stumbling blocks are possible. Which of the following can become barriers to behavior change? Overambitious goals Having support from family and friends Self-efficacy Having a positive attitude

Overambitious goals

Which dimension of health includes characteristics such as body size and function? Social Emotional Spiritual Physical

Physical

Abnormally high blood lipid levels result in the buildup of which substance on artery walls? Fluid Nitroglycerin Stanols Plaque

Plaque

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative? Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only Achieving health equity Creating a social environment that promotes health Creating a physical environment that promotes health

Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only

Which of the following nutrients assists in the development and repairing of bone, muscle, and skin and blood cells? Iron Protein Calcium Carbohydrates

Protein

complete proteins

Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy products)

incomplete proteins

Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as nuts and legumes

Which branch of science investigates the relationship between stress and the nervous and immune systems? Allostatic immunology Immunocompetency Adaptive immunology Psychoneuroimmunology

Psychoneuroimmunology

Which acronym represents the recommended average daily intake of a particular nutrient at a level considered adequate to maintain health? AI AMDR RDA UL

RDA (recommended dietary allowance)

REM sleep

Rapid Eye Movement- Period of sleep characterized by brain wave activity similar to that seen in being awake

Self-Esteem

Refers to one's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth

Which type of soap is best to use in order to reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance? Antibacterial soap Antimicrobial bar soap Regular soap Liquid antibiotic soap

Regular soap

Which of the following is part of a patient's right to confidentiality? Right to know if treatment is standard or experimental Right to make personal decisions about all reproductive matters Right to be fully informed of the risks and potential benefits of care Right to access all of your personal medical records

Right to make personal decisions about all reproductive matters

Physical Health

Size and shape of your body and how responsive and acute your senses are. Susceptibility to disease.

Body Fat measurements

Skinfolds Underwater (hydrostatic) weighing Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Bod Pod Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

When Marta's sister gives her affectionate hugs and praises her for her accomplishments, this is an example of which type of positive reinforcer? Activity reinforcer Manipulative reinforcer Consumable reinforcer Social reinforcer

Social reinforcer

S.M.A.R.T.

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

Stages of Sleep

Stage 1 - Drifting off to sleep Stage 2 - Brain waves slow. Deeper sleep than stage 1 Stage 3- Slow Delta waves. Heart rate slows Stage 4 - Deepest stage of sleep

Alarm Stage

Stressor disrupts body's stability temporarily lowering resistance

What part of the autonomic nervous system provides the body with energy for the fight-or-flight response? Homeostatic Sympathetic Allostatic Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Which of the following is a way to be responsible with drugs in order to decrease antibiotic resistance? Use antibiotics for a cold. Share your leftover medication with your family and friends. Dump all leftover medication into a sink or toilet. Take all medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider and finish the course of medication.

Take all medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider and finish the course of medication.

Which of the following is NOT a condition that warrants a visit to a physician? The common cold Sudden or recurring high temperature Sudden or severe chest pain Persistent or recurrent diarrhea

The common cold

Which of the following is caused by a virus? Chlamydia Tuberculosis The common cold Strep throat

The common cold

Which of the following is true about heat cramps? The condition is life-threatening. The condition involves involuntary muscle contractions. The condition involves excessive water loss resulting from prolonged exercise or work. The condition results from an abnormally low body temperature.

The condition involves involuntary muscle contractions.

According to the "Talk Test," which of the following indicates that a person is exercising at moderate intensity? The person is able to have a conversation. The person is able to laugh or sing while exercising. The person is breathing so hard, he/she cannot speak. The person is talking in short fragments, not sentences.

The person is able to have a conversation.

Which of the following is TRUE about Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)? They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals. They are the amount of intake needed to prevent chronic disease. They are the highest amount of a particular nutrient that can be safely consumed on a daily basis. They are the recommended average daily intake by healthy people when the research is limited.

They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals.

Which of the following is the term used to describe a series of mild strokes? Secondary strokes Minor aneurysms Hemorrhagic events Transient ischemic attacks

Transient ischemic attacks

Which of the following is a type of STI caused by a protozoan? Parasitic worms Rickettsia Trichomoniasis Candidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Which form of fat makes up about 95 percent of total body fat? Cholesterol Lipoproteins Triglycerides Omega-6 fatty acids

Triglycerides

A diabetic who has gastric bypass surgery may eliminate the symptoms of diabetes. True False

True

A patient is entitled to know whether a recommended treatment is established practice or experimental. True False

True

A person's perception of stress may have as much impact as an actual stressor. True False

True

A risk behavior is some type of action that increases the chances of a negative health outcome. True False

True

One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health. True False

True

Some forms of cancer are associated with obesity. True False

True

The exercise metabolic rate would be lower for walking versus jogging. True False

True

The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being. True False

True

Very-low-calorie diets have been shown to cause significant health risks and can, in fact, be deadly. True False

True

According to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, what fraction of all cancers could be prevented by lifestyle changes (including a healthy diet and regular exercise)? One-half Two-thirds One-quarter One-third

Two-thirds

Which personality type tends to be introverted, eager to please, and compliant? Type D Type B Type C Type A

Type C

BMI

Underweight: 18.5 Healthy:18.5 - 24.9 Overweight:25-30 Obesity:30+

Transfats

Unhealthy fats that have been industrially altered through hydrogenation.

Which of the following is considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century? The war on drugs Increased number of pharmaceuticals Vaccinations Obesity control

Vaccinations

Folate

Vitamin B9; DNA

Which of the following vitamins is considered fat soluble and can produce negative side effects when high levels accumulate in the body? Vitamin D Vitamin B Folate Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Which vitamin deficiency can increase the risk for osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancer, and heart disease and stroke? Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are soluble in fat; fat is required for their transport

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamins B and C are soluble in water

Six classes of nutrients

Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes? E. coli West Nile virus Meningitis Avian flu

West Nile virus

Health

Without Disease

Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is FALSE? Unprotected anal sex increases the risk of exposure to the HIV virus. You can tell whether or not a potential sex partner has been infected by the virus by his or her appearance. You cannot get HIV infection from a public restroom toilet seat. The virus can be spread through semen and vaginal fluids.

You can tell whether or not a potential sex partner has been infected by the virus by his or her appearance.

Candidiasis is caused by __________. bacteria a virus a fungus allergies

a fungus

Garrett became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT a mosquito bite. drinking unpasteurized milk. eating undercooked ground beef. swimming in a sewage-contaminated creek.

a mosquito bite.

A key reason for the resurgence of measles and mumps infections is a public backlash against vaccinations. the rise of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. poor sanitation and hygiene in certain areas. an increased mosquito population.

a public backlash against vaccinations.

All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT edges that are uneven or scalloped. asymmetrical shape. a uniform brown color. a diameter larger than a pea.

a uniform brown color.

Calorie

a unit of measure used to quantify the amount of energy in food.

What proportion of people avoid a particular food because they think they are allergic to it? about one-third about one-half about one-tenth about one-fourth

about one-third

All of the following contribute to health disparities in America EXCEPT __________. sexual orientation access to the Internet race and ethnicity inadequate health insurance

access to the Internet

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of maintenance. precontemplation. contemplation. action.

action.

After being exposed to a crisis, the body tries to return to homeostasis. This is referred to as a(n) __________. reactive response adaptive response challenge overload

adaptive response

Cortisol is secreted by the thyroid gland. pituitary gland. adrenal glands. thymus.

adrenal glands

Currently there is no prescription weight loss drug available that can be used over time without increasing the chances of relapse and weight gain. adverse effects and abuse. excess fluid loss. adverse effects.

adverse effects and abuse.

Which type of exercise is BEST for improving cardiorespiratory fitness? resistance anaerobic aerobic flexibility

aerobic

Your mom's doctor works at a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission. This type of accreditation indicates that all physicians must be trained in both traditional and alternative medicine. only generalists can practice there. only specialists can practice there. all practitioner education, licensing, and training qualifications have been verified

all practitioner education, licensing, and training qualifications have been verified

A hypersensitive reaction to a specific antigen in the environment is a(n) __________. infection immunity allergy autoinoculation

allergy

Conventional Western medical practice is known as holistic medicine. allopathic medicine. naturopathic medicine. homeopathic medicine.

allopathic medicine.

The basic units or "building blocks" of proteins are nitrogen-containing __________. fatty acids enzymes fibers amino acids

amino acids

nonessential amino acids

amino acids that can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and therefore do not need to be consumed regularly in our diet

Muscular strength is best developed by increasing the __________. time between sets speed of movements amount of weight lifted or resistance used number of repetitions

amount of weight lifted or resistance used

The human heart is approximately the size of __________. a grapefruit a chestnut a golf ball an adult's fist

an adult's fist

Dante's friends are all active and enjoy various forms of exercise such as hiking, bike-riding, and going to the gym. As a result, he exercises more than he used to. This is an example of __________. a predisposing factor a confirming factor a reinforcing factor an enabling factor

an enabling factor

MyPlate

an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living Half of your plate should be fruits and vegetables; More vegetables than fruit The other half should be proteins and grains; More grains than protein A side of dairy or dairy alternative

A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing? heart attack peripheral artery disease stroke angina pectoris

angina pectoris

Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease? ultrafast computed tomography positron emission tomography electrocardiogram angioplasty

angioplasty

Cardiovascular disease encompasses all of the following conditions EXCEPT __________. congestive heart failure peripheral arterial disease antiarrhythmic disease hypertension

antiarrhythmic disease

The psychological desire for food is __________. hunger appetite craving anticipation

appetite

An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as arrhythmia. hypertension. ischemia. angina pectoris.

arrhythmia

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine? naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

Greg frequently gets cold sores (caused by HSV-1). He recently noticed that his left eye had a painful lesion, and he immediately made an appointment with his doctor. Greg's eye most likely became infected with the herpes virus when he touched his mouth and shortly afterward rubbed his eye, which is transmission via autoinoculation. direct contact. irritation. indirect contact.

autoinoculation

Jennifer touched a herpes sore on her lip and then touched her eye. She ended up with the herpes virus in her eye, as well. This is an example of __________. autoimmunity active immunity autoinoculation incubation

autoinoculation

John knows his family medical history, has researched his medical condition, and has brought a friend with him to his medical appointment. These are examples of __________. osteopathic medicine allopathic medicine being a difficult patient being proactive in one's medical care

being proactive in one's medical care

Jesse regards walking outdoors with a friend as a sociable and relaxing activity. How she thinks about this activity is her __________. behavior belief habit value

belief

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) analysis. attitude. motivation. belief.

belief.

What percentage of human cancers have been traced to infectious agents, primarily viruses, worldwide? between 15 and 20 percent between 5 and 10 percent as many as 5 percent between 10 and 15 percent

between 15 and 20 percent

The method of body composition measurement that sends a small current through the body to measure the resistance based on percentage of body water is electrical conductivity test. soft tissue roentgenogram. dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. bioelectrical impedance analysis.

bioelectrical impedance analysis.

A stress-management technique that involves using equipment to monitor physical responses to stress and learning to control those responses is __________. biofeedback visualization hypnosis tai chi

biofeedback

Removal and microscopic examination of a tissue sample to determine if cancer is present is a(n) endoscopy. biopsy. colonoscopy. PSA test.

biopsy

Uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of blindness. liver cancer. skin cancer. brain tumors.

blindness.

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of blocking and stopping. self-rewarding. self-talk. positive reinforcement.

blocking and stopping.

Theresa wants to lower her ratio of fat to total body weight. This means that she wants to design a fitness program to improve her __________. muscular strength body composition muscular endurance flexibility

body composition

The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for boys beginning at age 13. both boys and girls beginning at age 11. girls beginning at age 13. all teens and adults, within six months of becoming sexually active.

both boys and girls beginning at age 11.

An example of an event likely to be associated with distress is the end of final exam week. completing an assignment. getting the highest score on a difficult exam. bouncing several checks.

bouncing several checks.

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

Which of the following decreases the effect of melatonin? caffeine muscle relaxants tryptophan alcohol

caffeine

A healthful diet should be all of the following factors EXCEPT __________. varied calorie-dense adequate nutrient-dense

calorie-dense

A tumor that is malignant is __________. in remission cancerous noncancerous non-metastatic

cancerous

Which of the following is caused by an increased production of a fungus normally resident in smaller numbers in the vagina? HPV gonorrhea candidiasis trichomoniasis

candidiasis

Blood vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells are the __________. capillaries venules arterioles arteries

capillaries

A fixed payment remitted at regular intervals (often monthly) to a medical provider by a managed care organization for each enrolled member, regardless of services provided is __________. fee-for-service indemnity capitation coinsurance

capitation

A repetitive motion disorder that causes an irritation to the median nerve in the wrist is called __________. chronic fatigue syndrome osteoarthritis carpal tunnel syndrome Crohn's disease

carpal tunnel syndrome

Justin often engages in binge drinking on the weekends. This behavior puts him at risk for a dangerous sleep disorder in which the brain and the respiratory muscles do not communicate properly. It's known as obstructive sleep apnea. central sleep apnea. delta sleep. narcolepsy.

central sleep apnea.

You are moving into your first apartment. Which type of stressor is this? pressure change conflict hassle

change

In a managed care plan, the set fee paid to a health care provider at the time of each office visit is the __________. deductible co-payment fee-for-service premium

co-payment

Julie is a college student. She has a high risk of contracting an infectious disease because __________. college students spend too much time outside college students have very little stress college students take too many naps college students live in close quarters

college students live in close quarters

Obesity, together with a family history of polyps and colitis, increases the risk of __________. colorectal cancer liver cancer lung cancer stomach cancer

colorectal cancer

Foods consumed to meet emotional needs or reduce emotional insecurities are called convenience foods. junk foods. comfort foods. social foods.

comfort foods.

Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids are known as __________. incomplete proteins animal proteins complementary proteins complete proteins

complete proteins

When we are forced to choose between two or more competing desires, motives, behaviors, or impulses, which process is occurring? conflict adaptation control doubt

conflict

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n) consumable reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer. social reinforcer. activity reinforcer.

consumable reinforcer.

RICE is the acronym for the proper method of treating workout or sports injuries; it includes all of the following EXCEPT __________. contraction rest ice elevation

contraction

Managed care is based on coordination of health care. doctors setting their own rates. emergency health care. few administrative rules.

coordination of health care.

A set fee that an insurance plan requires that patients pay at the time of service (per office visit or prescription) is the copayment. premium. coinsurance. deductible.

copayment

Which of the following hormones might contribute to the "Freshman 15"—the tendency to gain about 15 pounds during the first year of college? epinephrine cortisol testosterone estrogen

cortisol

Johan decides to stop eating at fast food restaurants at lunchtime and to pack a healthy lunch instead. This behavior change is an example of __________. countering rewarding reinforcing blocking

countering

STI pathogens prefer darkness and dryness. light and heat. light and cold. darkness and moisture.

darkness and moisture.

The benefits of physical activity for the brain include __________. decreased oxygen needs increased stress hormone levels decreased desire to eat food decreased risk of depression and anxiety

decreased risk of depression and anxiety

Regular aerobic activity improves the efficiency of the heart by all of the following EXCEPT __________. improving blood flow strengthening the heart muscle decreasing the amount of blood pumped with each cycle increasing the number of capillaries in skeletal muscles

decreasing the amount of blood pumped with each cycle

When a covered individual must pay a certain amount of health care costs before the insurance company will begin paying for services, this amount is referred to as the __________. coinsurance deductible premium co-payment

deductible

Americans without health insurance are more likely to _____________ than Americans with health insurance are. have a regular primary care physician receive preventive care and procedures receive a yearly check-up delay medical treatment

delay medical treatment

A specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity is a(n) __________. oral surgeon orthodontist dentist periodontist

dentist

Over-the-counter drugs are commonly used for all of the following EXCEPT sleep problems. weight loss. allergies. diabetes.

diabetes.

Categories established by the federal government to determine how much a hospital will be reimbursed for the care of a patient with a particular condition or multiple conditions are fee schedules. formulary tiers. diagnosis-related groups. diagnostic codes.

diagnosis-related groups.

A risk factor for disease that you CAN control is __________. organism virulence dietary habits heredity age

dietary habits

Jordan was in a relationship that she recently ended when she found out that her partner was cheating on her. She is probably experiencing __________. distress frustration exhaustion eustress

distress

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused anger. distress. eustress. episodic stress.

distress.

The body naturally experiences an increased metabolic rate when we adopt a reduced-calorie diet. during pregnancy. as we age. during sleep.

during pregnancy.

Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption? easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants increasing number of regulations that apply to food labeling social encouragement to work out and be active increasing use of texting for cell phone communication

easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants

The best way to obtain all the nutrients that our bodies need is to __________. eat a variety of foods take dietary supplements drink at least 8 glasses of water each day limit the intake of empty calories

eat a variety of foods

Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer? training and participating in a 10K race taking a stress management class eating a diet high in empty calories increasing your BMI by using weight training to build muscle

eating a diet high in empty calories

The common cold is always present in the population. Therefore, the common cold is __________. virulent endemic incubating pandemic

endemic

The primary hormone responsible for stress-related physiological responses, such as an increase in heart rate, is __________. epinephrine leptin ACTH cortisol

epinephrine

Which type of physical activity involves planned, structured, and repetitive body movement? exercise strength fitness aerobic

exercise

All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system's ability to fight infections EXCEPT eating junk food. exercising regularly. not getting enough sleep. excessive alcohol consumption.

exercising regularly.

A rise in body temperature that occurs to destroy invading cells is a(n) allergic reaction. sign of hypertension. autoimmune disease. fever.

fever.

A heart that beats in a quivering, sporadic manner is said to be experiencing __________. ischemia tachycardia fibrillation bradycardia

fibrillation

Calorie Dense

food items that contain considerable calories but are of little nutritional value

Foods believed to provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition are known as __________. genetically modified foods dietary supplements functional foods nutrient-dense foods

functional foods

Candidiasis is which type of infection? protozoan viral bacterial fungal

fungal

Which type of weight loss surgery involves a procedure that restricts stomach size to limit food intake? adipose tissue removal gastric banding liposuction gastric bypass

gastric banding

HMO plans require that members select a primary care physician (PCP) who will provide routine care. Members must also obtain a referral from the PCP before they can see a specialist, so the PCP functions as a __________. universal health care provider defensive medical doctor gatekeeper capitation

gatekeeper

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who get 9 hours of sleep a night. get 8 hours of sleep a night. get more than 9 hours of sleep a night. get 7 hours of sleep a night.

get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

Nutrient Dense

having a high amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories

Which of the following strategies may lower the risk for ovarian cancer? having a mother with a history of breast cancer not having children taking fertility drugs having annual pelvic exams

having annual pelvic exams

Overweight

having body weight more than 10 percent above healthy level

Obesity

having body weight more than 20 percent above healthy levels

Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change? transtheoretical model social cognitive model shaping model health belief model

health belief model

The most restrictive type of managed care plan that offers the least amount of choice to consumers is the __________. preferred provider organization (PPO) fee-for-service (FFS) plan health maintenance organization (HMO) point-of-service (POS) plan

health maintenance organization (HMO)

The two leading causes of death among the overall U.S. population are __________. cancer and strokes heart disease and respiratory disease heart disease and cancer cancer and accidents

heart disease and cancer

Iron

hemoglobin

Virally caused inflammation of the liver is known as __________. necrotizing fasciitis hepatitis liver failure cirrhosis

hepatitis

Last summer, Mallory began a sexual relationship with a man she later discovered was a user of IV drugs. Now Mallory has hepatitis. Which type is she most likely to have? hepatitis A hepatitis B hepatitis C hepatitis D

hepatitis B

Glenna is trying to determine her healthy weight. She should assess how her clothes fit. how her weight compares to that of her friends. how often her weight fluctuates up and down and in what increments. her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.

her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.

Regular exercise is known to increase the body's levels of __________. low-density lipoproteins triglycerides high-density lipoproteins total cholesterol

high-density lipoproteins

When developing a strength-training program, if you want to increase muscular strength, you need a varied exercise selection. lower intensity and a higher number of repetitions and sets. higher intensity and fewer repetitions and sets. a consistent number of repetitions and sets.

higher intensity and fewer repetitions and sets.

Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT his actions that often harm others verbally or physically. his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life. bouts of anger ranging from irritation to rage. his negative beliefs and hostile attitudes toward others.

his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life.

The state in which all body systems are functioning smoothly and in equilibrium is __________. relaxation homeostasis eustress distress

homeostasis

The process that occurs when fat cells swell and enlarge is dystrophy. hyperbole. hyperthyroidism. hypertrophy.

hypertrophy.

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers? improves response time increases thirst impairs motor skills increases hunger

impairs motor skills

Exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease by all of the following EXCEPT increasing LDL levels. increasing heart efficiency. improving blood flow. increasing the number of capillaries.

increasing LDL levels.

The length of time required for some viruses to fully develop and cause symptoms in their host is the __________ period. colonization incubation drug resistance inoculation

incubation

Determinants of health are a range of critical factors in a person's life that influence health status. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases. are related to genetics. influence his or her response to medical treatment.

influence health status.

Minerals

inorganic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions

If a physician is board eligible, that means that he or she __________. is qualified to take the national board examination in the area of specialty has been certified as competent in a specialized field has passed the national board examination in the area of specialty has graduated from medical school but has not yet begun a residency

is qualified to take the national board examination in the area of specialty

All of the following are true about the hormone epinephrine EXCEPT that it __________. is secreted by the adrenal glands is also known as adrenaline prepares the body for action is released by the pituitary gland

is released by the pituitary gland

Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)

is the energy expenditure that occurs during physical activity

Diabetes Type 1

juvenile diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes where the body produces little or no insulin. must inject insulin into the body.

One dangerous consequence of very-low-calorie diets is that they increase the individual's risk for a condition in which the blood levels become acidic. This is known as hypertension. stenosis. anemia. ketoacidosis.

ketoacidosis

If cells cannot utilize glucose for energy, the body will break down fat, which produces acidic molecules called lipids. proteins. glycogen. ketones.

ketones

A vegetarian who consumes dairy products but no other animal products is known as a __________. semi-vegetarian vegan lacto-vegetarian pesco-vegetarian

lacto-vegetarian

The type of cancer characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is __________. carcinoma sarcoma lymphoma leukemia

leukemia

Regular physical activity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT a lower __________. life expectancy incidence of type 2 diabetes incidence of hypertension incidence of cardiovascular disease

life expectancy

The increasingly high rate of overweight and obesity among Americans is primarily due to metabolism. heredity. lifestyle. increased income inequality.

lifestyle.

The perceived source and underlying cause of events in a person's life is that individual's __________. locus of control cue to action precontemplation nonmodifiable determinant

locus of control

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense? low-fat milk ice cream butter frozen yogurt

low-fat milk

Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer classified as a __________. sarcoma leukemia lymphoma carcinoma

lymphoma

The purpose of hydrogenating unsaturated fats is to make them more solid at room temperature. increase the levels of protein. reduce the amount of cholesterol. make them more liquid at room temperature.

make them more solid at room temperature.

The legal term for improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a health care provider that results in loss or harm to the patient is malfunction. incompetence. abandonment. malpractice.

malpractice.

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n) activity reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer. social reinforcer. possessional reinforcer.

manipulative reinforcer.

Josie recently had a biopsy that indicated that breast cancer has spread to her lymph nodes. The process of malignant cells spreading to other locations in the body is known as __________. malignancy metastasis remission ischemia

metastasis

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs. decreasing appetite and thirst. relieving pain. increasing heart and respiratory rates.

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.

Learning specific behaviors by watching others perform them is known as __________. rehearsal modeling shaping visualization

modeling

simple carbohydrates

monosaccharides and disaccharides

An individual whose BMI is 42 would be classified as morbidly obese. overweight. super obese. obese.

morbidly obese.

Since 1960, the percentage of the U.S. population that is obese has doubled. increased by 50 percent. increased by 25 percent. more than doubled.

more than doubled.

The amount of force a muscle is capable of exerting is __________. muscular strength aerobic capacity muscular endurance one repetition maximum

muscular strength

All of the following are ways to determine whether a person may be having a stroke EXCEPT __________. myocardial infarction speech difficulties, including slurring, use of inappropriate words, or inability to speak facial droop arm drift

myocardial infarction

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life? naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

A tumor that is benign is __________. spreading quickly metastatic cancerous noncancerous

noncancerous

Muscular endurance is best developed by increasing the __________. amount of weight lifted or resistance used time between sets number of repetitions speed of movements

number of repetitions

A nurse who has an advanced degree, conducts diagnostic tests, and can prescribe medication in some states is a __________. nurse practitioner licensed practical nurse vocational nurse registered nurse

nurse practitioner

You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors is within your individual control? heredity nutritional status environmental conditions age

nutritional status

Common food allergens include all of the following EXCEPT peanuts. eggs. oats. milk

oats

Genes that have the potential to be cancer-causing are called __________. oncogenes nutrigenetic ABCD genes ischemic

oncogenes

According to cancer experts, what percentage of cancers could be prevented by being physically active and eating a healthy diet? one-quarter one-half three-quarters one-third

one-third

What portion of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB)? one-third one-fifth one-fourth one-half

one-third

A physician who is trained to provide medical and surgical care of the eyes is an __________. osteopath ophthalmologist optometrist orthodontist

ophthalmologist

A scratched eyeball should be treated by a(n) __________. oncologist optometrist ophthalmologist periodontist

ophthalmologist

Alexa prescribes and fits lenses to correct vision problems, but she isn't a physician. Alexa is a(n) __________. optometrist physician assistant osteopath ophthalmologist

optometrist

Vitamins

organic compounds that promote growth and are essential to life and health

Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription as part of self-care are brand-name drugs. formulary drugs. over-the-counter drugs. generic drugs.

over-the-counter drugs.

Josiah is a full-time student who is captain of the football team, and vice president of the biology club. He also works part-time. The primary stressor in his life would be __________. eustress conflict overload exhaustion

overload

The cumulative effects of day-after-day stresses placed on tendons, muscles, and joints during exercise may result in __________. training reversal traumatic injuries muscle fatigue overuse injuries

overuse injuries

The largest form of pathogen is protozoa. fungi. bacteria. parasitic worms.

parasitic worms.

Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are known as __________. protozoans antigens pathogens virulent

pathogens

Capitation refers to a one-time fee that is paid to health care providers from insurance companies if the patient enrolls in an HMO. administrators and stockholders in a proprietary hospital determining the fee schedule for a given fiscal year. payment of a fixed monthly amount to a health-care provider per enrolled patient, regardless of the type or number of services provided. care received from salaried practitioners at a specific health care facility, such as a hospital or clinic.

payment of a fixed monthly amount to a health-care provider per enrolled patient, regardless of the type or number of services provided.

The ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity on a regular basis without excessive fatigue is known as __________. muscular endurance muscular strength sports skills physical fitness

physical fitness

Two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the cerebellum. brain stem. amygdala. pineal body.

pineal body.

The gland that secretes ACTH is the thymus. adrenal. thyroid. pituitary.

pituitary

complex carbohydrates

polysaccharides

The amount of a food you choose to eat at any one time is a __________. dietary reference intake serving meal portion

portion

Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal is an example of negative reinforcement. encouragement. shaping. positive reinforcement.

positive reinforcement.

The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is preparation. contemplation. maintenance. precontemplation.

precontemplation.

Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of reinforcing factors. predisposing factors. enabling factors. motivational factors.

predisposing factors.

Lauren has diabetes, and her new job requires that she choose a new health insurance plan. In the past, when she had to change insurance plans, there was usually a period of time during which the new insurance company refused to cover her diabetic care expenses because she has a(n) __________. lifetime limit preexisting condition inconsistent work history history of prior claims

preexisting condition

A managed care plan in which health care providers join a network and offer services to members at discounted rates (but members may see non-network providers at a higher cost) is a __________. point-of-service (POS) plan preferred provider organization (PPO) diagnosis-related group (DRG) health maintenance organization (HMO)

preferred provider organization (PPO)

A payment made to an insurance company, usually on a monthly basis, to cover the cost of an insurance policy is the deductible. premium. lifetime limit. waiting period.

premium.

Stress inoculation refers to reducing your level of stress by __________. preparing ahead of time for stressful events meditating utilizing therapy downshifting

preparing ahead of time for stressful events

A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause mad cow disease is a type of prion. virus. fungi. protozoan.

prion.

Mortality rate is defined as the __________. expected number of years of life remaining at a given age proportion of deaths to population expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age proportion of preventable differences in health outcomes

proportion of deaths to population

The most common type of cancer for males in the United States today is __________. testicular cancer prostate cancer colon cancer lung cancer

prostate cancer

When eating a very-low-calorie diet for prolonged periods, the body may begin to obtain fuel from minerals stored in bone. protein in lean body tissue. glycogen stored in the brain. fluid reabsorption by the kidneys.

protein in lean body tissue.

Which of the following play a role in developing and repairing bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells? carbohydrates proteins fats water

proteins

Andre is a person with a sense of control, commitment, and enthusiasm for embracing challenges. These traits indicate that he has __________. psychological hardiness a Type A personality a need to downshift a tendency toward overload

psychological hardiness

A view of health that sees the development of disease as resulting from an individual's interaction with his or her social and physical environment is the __________. public health model scientific model medical model biological model

public health model

Exercise reduces stress by __________. improving aerobic capacity decreasing energy raising levels of endorphins suppressing immune function

raising levels of endorphins

Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure? reaction to a tetanus vaccination rheumatic fever radiation or chemotherapy pneumonia

reaction to a tetanus vaccination

Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT macrophages. red blood cells. antibodies. lymphocytes.

red blood cells.

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT __________. reduced blood pressure insulin resistance elevated blood fat abdominal weight gain

reduced blood pressure

Conditions that increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT gestational diabetes. pre-diabetes. metabolic syndrome. regular exercise and a healthy diet.

regular exercise and a healthy diet.

Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n) enabling factor. reinforcing factor. predisposing factor. contributing factor.

reinforcing factor.

Good advice to someone who wants to exercise in hot weather would include all of the following EXCEPT wear appropriate clothing. restrict the intake of fluids before working out. exercise in early morning or evening, when temperatures are cooler. avoid dehydration.

restrict the intake of fluids before working out.

Actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes are known as __________. health disparities barriers predisposing factors risk behaviors

risk behaviors

Ana has been diagnosed with insomnia. If her doctor prescribes a medication to treat her condition, it will most likely be some type of narcotic. stimulant. antidepressant. sedative.

sedative.

Knowing your body and its signals and taking appropriate action to stop the progression of illness or injury or to enhance wellness is known as __________. health care self-care self-diagnosis alternative care

self-care

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task successfully is the quality known as __________. self-efficacy self-esteem self-awareness the ability to focus

self-efficacy

Anger can develop in response to all of the following, EXCEPT a __________. reaction to injustice series of minor frustrations perceived threat sense of safety and well-being

sense of safety and well-being

A good way to control portion sizes when you eat at home is to eat restaurant leftovers several times a week. eat more frozen and convenience foods. serve meals on smaller plates. serve the food buffet style to reduce trips to the kitchen.

serve meals on smaller plates.

The term that describes an infection transmitted through some form of intimate contact is __________. human immunodeficiency virus chronic infectious disease blood-borne disease sexually transmitted infection

sexually transmitted infection

Taking small steps to achieve a change in behavior is known as __________. rehearsing visualizing modeling shaping

shaping

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is journaling. shaping. preparation. action.

shaping.

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of situational inducement. negative reinforcement. social reinforcement. an activity reinforcer.

situational inducement.

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the health belief model. transtheoretical model. behavior modification model. social cognitive model.

social cognitive model.

Laura now sets time aside to read to her daughter each night before bedtime. This behavior will enhance her daughter's __________. environmental health social health physical health spiritual health

social health

The mineral necessary for the regulation of blood and body fluids is iodine. zinc. calcium. sodium.

sodium.

Which form of exercise involves techniques that slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles and the associated tendons? tai chi static stretching yoga Pilates

static stretching

The primary action of insulin is to metabolize glucose to energy. stimulate transporters to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell. increase blood glucose concentration. stimulate cells to carry glucose into the liver for storage.

stimulate transporters to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell.

Glycogen

storage form of glucose in liver and muscle

The physical and mental response that our bodies go through when exposed to challenges or perceived threats is __________. stress trauma eustress distress

stress

A real or perceived threat or challenge that causes the body to produce a response is a(n) __________. frustration stressor phobia injury

stressor

disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Vitamin D

sunshine vitamin

All of the following are components of "SMART" EXCEPT __________. measurable time-oriented realistic superficial

superficial

A rapid heart rate in the absence of exercise or anxiety is referred to as __________. angina tachycardia bradycardia ischemia

tachycardia

Downshifting refers to the process of taking steps to simplify one's life. deliberately completing tasks at a slower pace. allowing passivity to take over as a result of stress. using meditation to combat the stress response.

taking steps to simplify one's life.

Exercising at 64-95 percent of your maximum heart rate means that you are working at your __________. initial conditioning stage reversibility rate target heart rate perceived maximal exertion

target heart rate

Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease include all of the following EXCEPT __________. intake of saturated fats and cholesterol activity level the amount of cholesterol your body produces tobacco use

the amount of cholesterol your body produces

During REM sleep body temperature drops. muscles contract and relax. the brain processes and consolidates information. the body moves around a lot.

the brain processes and consolidates information.

Nutrients are units of measure that indicate the amount of energy in a particular food. made up of three basic food groups: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. the healthful compounds found in vitamins and minerals. the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.

the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances)

the daily nutrient intake levels meeting the nutritional need of 97 to 98 percent of healthy individuals

If caught early, the prognosis for colon cancer is good because it can be cured with diet. the disease progresses slowly. treatments are so advanced. treatment can be delayed.

the disease progresses slowly.

Fiber

the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move food through the digestive system and softens stools by absorbing water

The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that a heart valve is malfunctioning. the individual is engaging in vigorous exercise. the individual is very fit. the individual is stressed.

the individual is very fit.

Feeling better after taking sugar pills instead of actual medication is an example of __________. a clinical trial the self-care process the placebo effect alternative medicine

the placebo effect

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)

the range of protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake that provide adequate nutrition, and they are associated with a reduced risk for chronic disease

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

the rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment (1200 - 1800 cal)

Nutrition

the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten

Aerobic capacity is defined as __________. the maximal volume of oxygen that the muscles consume during exercise a muscle's ability to exert force repeatedly the amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting in one contraction the volume of oxygen consumed by the muscles during exercise

the volume of oxygen consumed by the muscles during exercise

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on environmental factors. fate and luck. previous disappointments. their own actions.

their own actions.

All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT there are hundreds of viruses that cause disease. drug treatment is limited. they can reproduce outside of cells. they are the smallest pathogens.

they can reproduce outside of cells.

You should consult a physician to check blood pressure and temperature. to treat a reaction to an insect bite. if you vomit after dining out. to learn new relaxation techniques.

to treat a reaction to an insect bite.

All of the following influence a person's risk for developing cancer EXCEPT __________. stress too much exercise tobacco use overconsumption of alcohol

too much exercise

Candi was mortified when her doctor told her that she had a protozoal disease. She probably had candidiasis. trichomoniasis. parasitic worms. rickettsia.

trichomoniasis.

In which form of diabetes does the immune system destroy the body's insulin-producing cells? gestational diabetes type 1 diabetes prediabetes type 2 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

Which form of diabetes develops slowly and occurs when the body either loses its ability to produce enough insulin or cannot respond to the insulin that is available? insulin-dependent diabetes type 2 diabetes gestational diabetes type 1 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by __________. replication of genetic material uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells predictable spreading of normal cells blood cell malformation

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

The inability to pay out-of-pocket medical expenses despite having health insurance is known as being __________. underinsured uninsurable uninsured excluded

underinsured

Calcium

used for building strong bones and teeth, muscle contractions, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, heartbeat regulation, and fluid balance within cells

If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid? maintaining a healthy weight obtaining recommended health screenings using the emergency room for your routine health care exercising regularly

using the emergency room for your routine health care

A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a vegetarian. lacto-ovo-vegetarian. vegan. pesco-vegetarian.

vegan.

Carbon dioxide and waste products are transported to the lungs and kidneys by the __________. arteries and arterioles veins and venules ventricles pulmonary arteries

veins and venules

The two lower chambers of the heart are the __________. atria ventricles aortas valves

ventricles

Downshifting involves making changes in one's life to slow the pace and reduce pressures; this process is also known as __________. general adaptation syndrome (GAS) relocation voluntary simplicity stress management

voluntary simplicity

Insomnia is often characterized by chronic joint pain upon lying down. temporary lapses in breathing while asleep. nightmares. waking up frequently during the night.

waking up frequently during the night.

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? changing environmental obstacles wanting to change asking friends for advice deciding on several rewards for making the change

wanting to change

Of the following choices, the BEST example of conflict is too many responsibilities. experiencing illness due to stress. wanting to go out with friends, but needing to study. worrying about a tough test.

wanting to go out with friends, but needing to study.

The word health is often used to mean the same as __________. fitness mortality wellness life expectancy

wellness

Which type of dieting involves a cycle of restriction and weight loss followed by a period of weight gain? low-carbohydrate diets fasting yo-yo diets very-low-calorie diets

yo-yo diets