KINE 250 Final Set
Calorie per gram of alcohol
0 Calories
RDA for protein
0.8 g/kg of body weight
Tobacco smoking and the high blood pressure it often causes are responsible for how many deaths in the United States each year? 1 in 20 1 in 15 1 in 10 1 in 5
1 in 5
Meghan is an adult who wants to gain positive health benefits from physical activity. In order to meet this goal, she must do which of the following? 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity along with 5 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity along with 3 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity and at least 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week 75 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity along with 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week
150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity and at least 2 days of muscle-strengthening activities each week
MyPlate: Fruits
2 cups
In strength training, what rest period is recommended between exercises that use large muscle groups? 2 to 3 minutes 1 to 2 minutes 30 seconds 3 to 4 minutes
2 to 3 minutes
MyPlate: Vegetables
2.5 to 3 cups a day
Female Body Fat
20 to 30 percent total body fat; 35is overweight; 8 and 15 percent underweight
The recommended daily amount of fiber consumption for adults is __________. 20-35 percent of total calories 130 grams per day 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men 0.8 grams (g) per kilogram (kg) of body weight
25 grams for women and 38 grams for men
Approximately how many Americans have no health insurance? 35 million 5 million 15 million 25 million
25 million
An average adult has 25 to 35 million fat cells. 250 to 350 billion fat cells. 25 to 35 billion fat cells. 250 to 350 million fat cells.
25 to 35 billion fat cells.
MyPlate: Dairy
3 cups
The body fat percentage below which a male is considered to be underweight is 3 percent to 7 percent. 1 percent to 2 percent. 8 percent to 15 percent. 8 percent to 10 percent.
3 percent to 7 percent.
What is the minimum of physical activity needed each day to provide substantial health benefits? 20 minutes 30 minutes 45 minutes 40 minutes
30 minutes
RDA for fiber
38 grams for adult men 25 grams for adult women
Calorie per gram of carb
4 Calories
Calorie per gram of protein
4 Calories
MyPlate: Protein
5.5 to 6.5 ounces per day
What percentage of older men with moderate-to-high levels of stress in their lives over the years have an increased risk of death? 60 percent 50 percent 40 percent 30 percent
50 percent
What percentage of an adult's body weight is water? 50-70 percent 30-50 percent 80-90 percent 10-30 percent
50-70 percent
MyPlate: Grains
6 to 8 ounce a day
Male Body Fat
8 and 20 percent total body fat; 22 is overweight; 3 and 7 percent underweight
Calorie per gram of fat
9 Calories
How much water do you need each day?
9 cups for females 13 cups for males
All of the following are part of the ABCD rule for skin cancer EXCEPT __________. B = border irregularity C = color differences D = diameter greater than 6mm A = atypical alignment
A = atypical alignment A = asymmetrical shapes, B = border irregularity, C = color differences, and D = diameter greater than 6 mm.
Diabetes Type 2
A chronic condition where the body does not use insulin properly and becomes insulin resistant.
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors? A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize. A benign tumor is always harmless, whereas a malignant tumor can be fatal. A malignant tumor is usually encapsulated and can metastasize. A benign tumor can invade surrounding tissue, producing mutant cells, but it will not metastasize.
A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.
Social Health
Ability to maintain interpersonal relationships with friends, family members, and partners.
Intelectual Health
Ability to think clearly and use brainpower effectively to meet life's challanges.
Medical Health Model
Absence of Disease. Focus on Treatment
General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)
Alarm Stage, Resistance Stage, Exhaustion stage
Which of the following are the most significant factors in determining access to health care? Having insurance coverage The supply of medical providers and health-care facilities All options are correct. The proximity of medical providers and health-care facilities
All options are correct.
Which of the following is a component of the body's inflammatory response, which indicates that invading organisms are being fought systematically? All options are correct. Swelling Heat Redness Pain
All options are correct.
essential amino acids
Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eat in foods
Which of the following is a common medication that can be purchased over-the-counter? Analgesics Antibiotics Hormonal contraceptives Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Analgesics
Which condition results from the body's inability to produce hemoglobin? Scurvy Brittle bones Impaired blood clotting Anemia
Anemia
Which of the following substances produce enzymes that destroy free radicals? Proteins Antioxidants Hormones Carotenoids
Antioxidants
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart? Capillaries Arteries Venules Veins
Arteries
Kevin received a vaccination by way of injection. Which type of immunity did he receive? Artificially acquired active immunity Drug-resistant immunity Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Healthy People 2020 Goals
Attain High quality longer lives free of preventable diseases, Achieve health equity, create social and physical enviroments that promote good health for all, promote quality of Life healthy development and healthy behaviors across all stages of life.
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
BMR plus any additional energy expended through daily sedentary activities.
Emotional Health
Being able to appropriately express yourself. Self-Esteem, Self-Confidence.
Wellness
Being in good Physical and Mental Health
Resistance Stage
Body resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and body maintains a higher level of resistance
Exhaustion Stage
Body runs out of adaptation energy stores and resistance drops below normal
Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise? Brisk walking Fast repetitions using free weights Stretching exercises A sequence of yoga postures
Brisk walking
Your father was laid off six months ago but recently started a new job. He was able to keep his health insurance during the transition through Medicare. COBRA. Social Security. Medicaid.
COBRA.
Which important mineral is obtained primarily from milk, dairy products, and certain green vegetables? Iron Potassium Iodine Calcium
Calcium
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Miguel is a cross-country runner who can sustain moderate-intensity, whole-body physical activity for an extended period of time. This ability reflects which component of physical fitness? Flexibility Cardiorespiratory fitness Low body weight Muscular strength and endurance
Cardiorespiratory fitness
A well-designed exercise program will include which of the following components? Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, body composition, and muscle strength and endurance Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle endurance, physique and body composition Cardiorespiratory fitness, fit test, muscle strength, and muscle endurance Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, physique, and body composition
Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, body composition, and muscle strength and endurance
What is the leading cause of death and disability in America today? Accidents Homicide Suicide Chronic diseases
Chronic diseases
Which chronic disease is associated with the consumption of trans fatty acids? Cancer Osteoporosis Coronary heart disease Diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to allow the body to make energy more readily available from stored nutrients? Cortisol Epinephrine Melatonin ACTH
Cortisol
Fad Diets
Cut out a certain food group or limit its intake Replace an actual meal with a meal replacement bar or drink Have rapid weight loss (more than an 1-2 pounds per week)
Yo-Yo Diet
Cycles in which people repeatedly gain and lose weight. This lowers their BMR, and typically leads to weight gain
Self-Efficacy
Describe a person's belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior
Portion Control
Eat with your hands 3 oz of meat: Palm of hand Pasta: Front of clenched fist Teaspoon: Fingertip 2 tbsp.: Thumb knuckle to tip 1 cup: Clenched fist
The gradual destruction of the alveoli in a smoker's lungs will usually cause which respiratory condition? Pneumonia Emphysema Asthma Bronchitis
Emphysema
Which type of calories are obtained from foods that have no significant nutritional value? Refined Nutrient-dense Empty Minimal
Empty
After trying for several years to become pregnant, Eli and Jasmine recently found out that they are going to have a baby. They are feeling which type of stress? Strain Anxiety Distress Eustress
Eustress
Which of the following is NOT one of the top ten reported impediments to academic performance? Sleep difficulties Depression Stress Excessive exercise
Excessive exercise
A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness. True False
False
All physicians must accept Medicare patients. True False
False
An optometrist holds a medical degree and can perform eye surgery. True False
False
Cost sharing is one of the mechanisms private health care insurers use to help patients afford coverage. True False
False
Most fast food chains do not offer nutritional analyses of their food. True False
False
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of muscles in the lower back. True False
False
The increase in type 2 diabetes in the United States is thought to be primarily due to genetic factors. True False
False
The placebo effect is the disappearance of symptoms without any apparent reason or treatment. True False
False
Which group of vitamins can be toxic in large amounts because the excess is not excreted in urine and can accumulate in the liver? Fat-soluble Carotenoids B-complex Water-soluble
Fat-soluble
Saturated Fats
Fatty acid chains lack double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, solid at room temp and bad fats, major source is animals
Unsaturated Fats
Fatty acids that do not have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible; liquid at room temperature; at least one pair of carbon atoms is joined by a double bond
Which of the following protects against obesity, colon and rectal cancers, and heart disease? Trans fatty acids Iron Protein Fiber
Fiber
When we perceive danger or experience stress, which response occurs in the body? Resistance Fight-or-flight Exhaustion Adaptation
Fight-or-flight
When shopping for cross-training or running shoes, which aspects should be your primary consideration? Shock absorption, price, and style Fit, comfort, and shock absorption Color, fit, and comfort Brand, price, and fit
Fit, comfort, and shock absorption
Susie uses a prescription medication that is sold under its chemical name. What type of medication does she use? Brand-name Generic Holistic Over-the-counter
Generic
What is the primary advantage of using a generic drug instead of a brand-name drug? Generic drugs are more widely available than brand-name drugs. Generic drugs have different active ingredients than brand-name drugs, so they may be better for patients with allergies. Generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs and may cost much less. Generic drugs are more widely advertised than brand-name drugs.
Generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs and may cost much less.
GMO
Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different organism.
Which of the following statements is true of HPV? There are over 100 different types of HPV that are sexually transmitted. An HPV vaccine is in development but not yet on the market. Antibiotics are used to cure HPV. Genital warts are caused by the low-risk types of HPV.
Genital warts are caused by the low-risk types of HPV.
Which of the following is a common waterborne protozoan disease? Giardiasis West Nile virus Malaria Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
The body converts carbohydrates into which type of sugar that is used for energy? Starch Glucose Maltose Glycogen
Glucose
Which of the following types of cholesterol transports cholesterol to the liver for removal from the body? LDL ADL HDL VLDL
HDL
The virus responsible for causing genital warts is syphilis. HPV. chlamydia. hepatitis B.
HPV
Spiritual Health
Having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life
Public Health Model
Health is the dynamic interaction of the individual and his/her social and physical environment
Once a person is infected, which one of these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains in the body for life, regardless of treatment? Herpes Syphilis Gonorrhea Chlamydia
Herpes
Which of the following characteristics of a Type A personality is the most detrimental to health? Competitiveness Hostility Perfectionism Drive to achieve
Hostility
Environmental Health
How the outside world affects your health
Cervical cancer has been linked to which sexually transmitted infection? Chlamydia pneumoniae Herpes simplex Human papillomavirus (HPV) Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Which of the following is a potentially fatal condition resulting from abnormally low core body temperature? Heat exhaustion Hyperthermia Hypothermia Hypertension
Hypothermia
Which of the following is NOT included in the MyPlate plan? Replace sugary drinks with water. Include full-fat dairy products in the diet to obtain adequate amounts of calcium. Avoid oversize portions. Make half your plate fruits and vegetables, one quarter grains (preferably whole grains), and one quarter protein.
Include full-fat dairy products in the diet to obtain adequate amounts of calcium.
Determinants of Health
Individual behavior, biology, genetics, social factors, health services, policymaking
Prior to the 1900s, what was the leading cause of death in America? Heart disease Homicide Infectious disease Accidents
Infectious disease
Which of the following is TRUE about target heart rate? It is the threshold level of exercise at which one cannot talk and exercise comfortably. It is a percentage of your maximum heart rate. It varies by a person's body weight. It is a measure of the heart rate after 20 minutes of exercise.
It is a percentage of your maximum heart rate.
John is using the SMART system to help him set goals for improving his physical fitness. Which of the following is an example of "A" (action-oriented) in the SMART system? John watches infomercials about exercise equipment. John determines his weight-lifting program will last 8 weeks. John thinks about which form of physical activity he would like to begin. John meets with a personal trainer to determine his workout plan for home and the gym.
John meets with a personal trainer to determine his workout plan for home and the gym.
Which of the following are white blood cells that assist in the immune response? Antigens Lymphocytes Antibiotics Staphylococci
Lymphocytes
Which of the following is a highly resistant form of staph infection that is becoming more prevalent? Scarlet fever MRSA Streptococcal pharyngitis HIV
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
Which of the following is a time-management tip that can help reduce stress? Don't open your bills right away if you know you are behind on payments. Don't bother cleaning up clutter until you have time to do it correctly. Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them. Take a day off to relax even if you have assignments due immediately.
Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them.
Deborah is a 24-year-old single mother on welfare. Her medical bills are paid by a federal-state health insurance program for low-income individuals known as __________. Medicare Medicaid Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Managed Care
Medicaid
The federal health insurance program that covers 99 percent of adults age 65 and older is __________. Medicare Affordable Insurance Exchange Medicaid COBRA
Medicare
The federally funded health insurance program that covers 99 percent of the U.S. population age 65 and older is COBRA. Medicaid. Social Security. Medicare.
Medicare.
Which statement BEST summarizes the association between exercise and improved immunity? Regular exercise does not have any correlation to a healthy immune system. Long-term, heavy exercisers get the most gain in immunity versus those who exercise only moderately. The most significant improvements in immunity are seen when a moderate exerciser begins a more intense exercise program. Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.
Moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity.
What percentage of college students report that they have worried frequently about their ability to pay for their education? What percentage reported that their finances had been very difficult to handle during the past 12 months? More than 85 percent; 73.6 percent More than 60 percent; 48.2 percent More than 75 percent; 64.5 percent More than 50 percent; 34.4 percent
More than 50 percent; 34.4 percent
Sodium
Necessary for the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
NREM
Non-Rem period of restful sleep.
Antioxidants
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
In any behavior change plan, stumbling blocks are possible. Which of the following can become barriers to behavior change? Overambitious goals Having support from family and friends Self-efficacy Having a positive attitude
Overambitious goals
Which dimension of health includes characteristics such as body size and function? Social Emotional Spiritual Physical
Physical
Abnormally high blood lipid levels result in the buildup of which substance on artery walls? Fluid Nitroglycerin Stanols Plaque
Plaque
Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative? Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only Achieving health equity Creating a social environment that promotes health Creating a physical environment that promotes health
Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only
Which of the following nutrients assists in the development and repairing of bone, muscle, and skin and blood cells? Iron Protein Calcium Carbohydrates
Protein
complete proteins
Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy products)
incomplete proteins
Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as nuts and legumes
Which branch of science investigates the relationship between stress and the nervous and immune systems? Allostatic immunology Immunocompetency Adaptive immunology Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology
Which acronym represents the recommended average daily intake of a particular nutrient at a level considered adequate to maintain health? AI AMDR RDA UL
RDA (recommended dietary allowance)
REM sleep
Rapid Eye Movement- Period of sleep characterized by brain wave activity similar to that seen in being awake
Self-Esteem
Refers to one's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth
Which type of soap is best to use in order to reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance? Antibacterial soap Antimicrobial bar soap Regular soap Liquid antibiotic soap
Regular soap
Which of the following is part of a patient's right to confidentiality? Right to know if treatment is standard or experimental Right to make personal decisions about all reproductive matters Right to be fully informed of the risks and potential benefits of care Right to access all of your personal medical records
Right to make personal decisions about all reproductive matters
Physical Health
Size and shape of your body and how responsive and acute your senses are. Susceptibility to disease.
Body Fat measurements
Skinfolds Underwater (hydrostatic) weighing Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Bod Pod Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
When Marta's sister gives her affectionate hugs and praises her for her accomplishments, this is an example of which type of positive reinforcer? Activity reinforcer Manipulative reinforcer Consumable reinforcer Social reinforcer
Social reinforcer
S.M.A.R.T.
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
Stages of Sleep
Stage 1 - Drifting off to sleep Stage 2 - Brain waves slow. Deeper sleep than stage 1 Stage 3- Slow Delta waves. Heart rate slows Stage 4 - Deepest stage of sleep
Alarm Stage
Stressor disrupts body's stability temporarily lowering resistance
What part of the autonomic nervous system provides the body with energy for the fight-or-flight response? Homeostatic Sympathetic Allostatic Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Which of the following is a way to be responsible with drugs in order to decrease antibiotic resistance? Use antibiotics for a cold. Share your leftover medication with your family and friends. Dump all leftover medication into a sink or toilet. Take all medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider and finish the course of medication.
Take all medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider and finish the course of medication.
Which of the following is NOT a condition that warrants a visit to a physician? The common cold Sudden or recurring high temperature Sudden or severe chest pain Persistent or recurrent diarrhea
The common cold
Which of the following is caused by a virus? Chlamydia Tuberculosis The common cold Strep throat
The common cold
Which of the following is true about heat cramps? The condition is life-threatening. The condition involves involuntary muscle contractions. The condition involves excessive water loss resulting from prolonged exercise or work. The condition results from an abnormally low body temperature.
The condition involves involuntary muscle contractions.
According to the "Talk Test," which of the following indicates that a person is exercising at moderate intensity? The person is able to have a conversation. The person is able to laugh or sing while exercising. The person is breathing so hard, he/she cannot speak. The person is talking in short fragments, not sentences.
The person is able to have a conversation.
Which of the following is TRUE about Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)? They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals. They are the amount of intake needed to prevent chronic disease. They are the highest amount of a particular nutrient that can be safely consumed on a daily basis. They are the recommended average daily intake by healthy people when the research is limited.
They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals.
Which of the following is the term used to describe a series of mild strokes? Secondary strokes Minor aneurysms Hemorrhagic events Transient ischemic attacks
Transient ischemic attacks
Which of the following is a type of STI caused by a protozoan? Parasitic worms Rickettsia Trichomoniasis Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Which form of fat makes up about 95 percent of total body fat? Cholesterol Lipoproteins Triglycerides Omega-6 fatty acids
Triglycerides
A diabetic who has gastric bypass surgery may eliminate the symptoms of diabetes. True False
True
A patient is entitled to know whether a recommended treatment is established practice or experimental. True False
True
A person's perception of stress may have as much impact as an actual stressor. True False
True
A risk behavior is some type of action that increases the chances of a negative health outcome. True False
True
One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health. True False
True
Some forms of cancer are associated with obesity. True False
True
The exercise metabolic rate would be lower for walking versus jogging. True False
True
The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being. True False
True
Very-low-calorie diets have been shown to cause significant health risks and can, in fact, be deadly. True False
True
According to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, what fraction of all cancers could be prevented by lifestyle changes (including a healthy diet and regular exercise)? One-half Two-thirds One-quarter One-third
Two-thirds
Which personality type tends to be introverted, eager to please, and compliant? Type D Type B Type C Type A
Type C
BMI
Underweight: 18.5 Healthy:18.5 - 24.9 Overweight:25-30 Obesity:30+
Transfats
Unhealthy fats that have been industrially altered through hydrogenation.
Which of the following is considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century? The war on drugs Increased number of pharmaceuticals Vaccinations Obesity control
Vaccinations
Folate
Vitamin B9; DNA
Which of the following vitamins is considered fat soluble and can produce negative side effects when high levels accumulate in the body? Vitamin D Vitamin B Folate Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Which vitamin deficiency can increase the risk for osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancer, and heart disease and stroke? Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are soluble in fat; fat is required for their transport
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamins B and C are soluble in water
Six classes of nutrients
Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes? E. coli West Nile virus Meningitis Avian flu
West Nile virus
Health
Without Disease
Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is FALSE? Unprotected anal sex increases the risk of exposure to the HIV virus. You can tell whether or not a potential sex partner has been infected by the virus by his or her appearance. You cannot get HIV infection from a public restroom toilet seat. The virus can be spread through semen and vaginal fluids.
You can tell whether or not a potential sex partner has been infected by the virus by his or her appearance.
Candidiasis is caused by __________. bacteria a virus a fungus allergies
a fungus
Garrett became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT a mosquito bite. drinking unpasteurized milk. eating undercooked ground beef. swimming in a sewage-contaminated creek.
a mosquito bite.
A key reason for the resurgence of measles and mumps infections is a public backlash against vaccinations. the rise of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. poor sanitation and hygiene in certain areas. an increased mosquito population.
a public backlash against vaccinations.
All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT edges that are uneven or scalloped. asymmetrical shape. a uniform brown color. a diameter larger than a pea.
a uniform brown color.
Calorie
a unit of measure used to quantify the amount of energy in food.
What proportion of people avoid a particular food because they think they are allergic to it? about one-third about one-half about one-tenth about one-fourth
about one-third
All of the following contribute to health disparities in America EXCEPT __________. sexual orientation access to the Internet race and ethnicity inadequate health insurance
access to the Internet
Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of maintenance. precontemplation. contemplation. action.
action.
After being exposed to a crisis, the body tries to return to homeostasis. This is referred to as a(n) __________. reactive response adaptive response challenge overload
adaptive response
Cortisol is secreted by the thyroid gland. pituitary gland. adrenal glands. thymus.
adrenal glands
Currently there is no prescription weight loss drug available that can be used over time without increasing the chances of relapse and weight gain. adverse effects and abuse. excess fluid loss. adverse effects.
adverse effects and abuse.
Which type of exercise is BEST for improving cardiorespiratory fitness? resistance anaerobic aerobic flexibility
aerobic
Your mom's doctor works at a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission. This type of accreditation indicates that all physicians must be trained in both traditional and alternative medicine. only generalists can practice there. only specialists can practice there. all practitioner education, licensing, and training qualifications have been verified
all practitioner education, licensing, and training qualifications have been verified
A hypersensitive reaction to a specific antigen in the environment is a(n) __________. infection immunity allergy autoinoculation
allergy
Conventional Western medical practice is known as holistic medicine. allopathic medicine. naturopathic medicine. homeopathic medicine.
allopathic medicine.
The basic units or "building blocks" of proteins are nitrogen-containing __________. fatty acids enzymes fibers amino acids
amino acids
nonessential amino acids
amino acids that can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and therefore do not need to be consumed regularly in our diet
Muscular strength is best developed by increasing the __________. time between sets speed of movements amount of weight lifted or resistance used number of repetitions
amount of weight lifted or resistance used
The human heart is approximately the size of __________. a grapefruit a chestnut a golf ball an adult's fist
an adult's fist
Dante's friends are all active and enjoy various forms of exercise such as hiking, bike-riding, and going to the gym. As a result, he exercises more than he used to. This is an example of __________. a predisposing factor a confirming factor a reinforcing factor an enabling factor
an enabling factor
MyPlate
an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living Half of your plate should be fruits and vegetables; More vegetables than fruit The other half should be proteins and grains; More grains than protein A side of dairy or dairy alternative
A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing? heart attack peripheral artery disease stroke angina pectoris
angina pectoris
Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease? ultrafast computed tomography positron emission tomography electrocardiogram angioplasty
angioplasty
Cardiovascular disease encompasses all of the following conditions EXCEPT __________. congestive heart failure peripheral arterial disease antiarrhythmic disease hypertension
antiarrhythmic disease
The psychological desire for food is __________. hunger appetite craving anticipation
appetite
An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as arrhythmia. hypertension. ischemia. angina pectoris.
arrhythmia
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine? naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
Greg frequently gets cold sores (caused by HSV-1). He recently noticed that his left eye had a painful lesion, and he immediately made an appointment with his doctor. Greg's eye most likely became infected with the herpes virus when he touched his mouth and shortly afterward rubbed his eye, which is transmission via autoinoculation. direct contact. irritation. indirect contact.
autoinoculation
Jennifer touched a herpes sore on her lip and then touched her eye. She ended up with the herpes virus in her eye, as well. This is an example of __________. autoimmunity active immunity autoinoculation incubation
autoinoculation
John knows his family medical history, has researched his medical condition, and has brought a friend with him to his medical appointment. These are examples of __________. osteopathic medicine allopathic medicine being a difficult patient being proactive in one's medical care
being proactive in one's medical care
Jesse regards walking outdoors with a friend as a sociable and relaxing activity. How she thinks about this activity is her __________. behavior belief habit value
belief
An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) analysis. attitude. motivation. belief.
belief.
What percentage of human cancers have been traced to infectious agents, primarily viruses, worldwide? between 15 and 20 percent between 5 and 10 percent as many as 5 percent between 10 and 15 percent
between 15 and 20 percent
The method of body composition measurement that sends a small current through the body to measure the resistance based on percentage of body water is electrical conductivity test. soft tissue roentgenogram. dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. bioelectrical impedance analysis.
bioelectrical impedance analysis.
A stress-management technique that involves using equipment to monitor physical responses to stress and learning to control those responses is __________. biofeedback visualization hypnosis tai chi
biofeedback
Removal and microscopic examination of a tissue sample to determine if cancer is present is a(n) endoscopy. biopsy. colonoscopy. PSA test.
biopsy
Uncontrolled diabetes can increase the risk of blindness. liver cancer. skin cancer. brain tumors.
blindness.
Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of blocking and stopping. self-rewarding. self-talk. positive reinforcement.
blocking and stopping.
Theresa wants to lower her ratio of fat to total body weight. This means that she wants to design a fitness program to improve her __________. muscular strength body composition muscular endurance flexibility
body composition
The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for boys beginning at age 13. both boys and girls beginning at age 11. girls beginning at age 13. all teens and adults, within six months of becoming sexually active.
both boys and girls beginning at age 11.
An example of an event likely to be associated with distress is the end of final exam week. completing an assignment. getting the highest score on a difficult exam. bouncing several checks.
bouncing several checks.
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
Which of the following decreases the effect of melatonin? caffeine muscle relaxants tryptophan alcohol
caffeine
A healthful diet should be all of the following factors EXCEPT __________. varied calorie-dense adequate nutrient-dense
calorie-dense
A tumor that is malignant is __________. in remission cancerous noncancerous non-metastatic
cancerous
Which of the following is caused by an increased production of a fungus normally resident in smaller numbers in the vagina? HPV gonorrhea candidiasis trichomoniasis
candidiasis
Blood vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells are the __________. capillaries venules arterioles arteries
capillaries
A fixed payment remitted at regular intervals (often monthly) to a medical provider by a managed care organization for each enrolled member, regardless of services provided is __________. fee-for-service indemnity capitation coinsurance
capitation
A repetitive motion disorder that causes an irritation to the median nerve in the wrist is called __________. chronic fatigue syndrome osteoarthritis carpal tunnel syndrome Crohn's disease
carpal tunnel syndrome
Justin often engages in binge drinking on the weekends. This behavior puts him at risk for a dangerous sleep disorder in which the brain and the respiratory muscles do not communicate properly. It's known as obstructive sleep apnea. central sleep apnea. delta sleep. narcolepsy.
central sleep apnea.
You are moving into your first apartment. Which type of stressor is this? pressure change conflict hassle
change
In a managed care plan, the set fee paid to a health care provider at the time of each office visit is the __________. deductible co-payment fee-for-service premium
co-payment
Julie is a college student. She has a high risk of contracting an infectious disease because __________. college students spend too much time outside college students have very little stress college students take too many naps college students live in close quarters
college students live in close quarters
Obesity, together with a family history of polyps and colitis, increases the risk of __________. colorectal cancer liver cancer lung cancer stomach cancer
colorectal cancer
Foods consumed to meet emotional needs or reduce emotional insecurities are called convenience foods. junk foods. comfort foods. social foods.
comfort foods.
Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids are known as __________. incomplete proteins animal proteins complementary proteins complete proteins
complete proteins
When we are forced to choose between two or more competing desires, motives, behaviors, or impulses, which process is occurring? conflict adaptation control doubt
conflict
Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n) consumable reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer. social reinforcer. activity reinforcer.
consumable reinforcer.
RICE is the acronym for the proper method of treating workout or sports injuries; it includes all of the following EXCEPT __________. contraction rest ice elevation
contraction
Managed care is based on coordination of health care. doctors setting their own rates. emergency health care. few administrative rules.
coordination of health care.
A set fee that an insurance plan requires that patients pay at the time of service (per office visit or prescription) is the copayment. premium. coinsurance. deductible.
copayment
Which of the following hormones might contribute to the "Freshman 15"—the tendency to gain about 15 pounds during the first year of college? epinephrine cortisol testosterone estrogen
cortisol
Johan decides to stop eating at fast food restaurants at lunchtime and to pack a healthy lunch instead. This behavior change is an example of __________. countering rewarding reinforcing blocking
countering
STI pathogens prefer darkness and dryness. light and heat. light and cold. darkness and moisture.
darkness and moisture.
The benefits of physical activity for the brain include __________. decreased oxygen needs increased stress hormone levels decreased desire to eat food decreased risk of depression and anxiety
decreased risk of depression and anxiety
Regular aerobic activity improves the efficiency of the heart by all of the following EXCEPT __________. improving blood flow strengthening the heart muscle decreasing the amount of blood pumped with each cycle increasing the number of capillaries in skeletal muscles
decreasing the amount of blood pumped with each cycle
When a covered individual must pay a certain amount of health care costs before the insurance company will begin paying for services, this amount is referred to as the __________. coinsurance deductible premium co-payment
deductible
Americans without health insurance are more likely to _____________ than Americans with health insurance are. have a regular primary care physician receive preventive care and procedures receive a yearly check-up delay medical treatment
delay medical treatment
A specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity is a(n) __________. oral surgeon orthodontist dentist periodontist
dentist
Over-the-counter drugs are commonly used for all of the following EXCEPT sleep problems. weight loss. allergies. diabetes.
diabetes.
Categories established by the federal government to determine how much a hospital will be reimbursed for the care of a patient with a particular condition or multiple conditions are fee schedules. formulary tiers. diagnosis-related groups. diagnostic codes.
diagnosis-related groups.
A risk factor for disease that you CAN control is __________. organism virulence dietary habits heredity age
dietary habits
Jordan was in a relationship that she recently ended when she found out that her partner was cheating on her. She is probably experiencing __________. distress frustration exhaustion eustress
distress
Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused anger. distress. eustress. episodic stress.
distress.
The body naturally experiences an increased metabolic rate when we adopt a reduced-calorie diet. during pregnancy. as we age. during sleep.
during pregnancy.
Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption? easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants increasing number of regulations that apply to food labeling social encouragement to work out and be active increasing use of texting for cell phone communication
easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants
The best way to obtain all the nutrients that our bodies need is to __________. eat a variety of foods take dietary supplements drink at least 8 glasses of water each day limit the intake of empty calories
eat a variety of foods
Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer? training and participating in a 10K race taking a stress management class eating a diet high in empty calories increasing your BMI by using weight training to build muscle
eating a diet high in empty calories
The common cold is always present in the population. Therefore, the common cold is __________. virulent endemic incubating pandemic
endemic
The primary hormone responsible for stress-related physiological responses, such as an increase in heart rate, is __________. epinephrine leptin ACTH cortisol
epinephrine
Which type of physical activity involves planned, structured, and repetitive body movement? exercise strength fitness aerobic
exercise
All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system's ability to fight infections EXCEPT eating junk food. exercising regularly. not getting enough sleep. excessive alcohol consumption.
exercising regularly.
A rise in body temperature that occurs to destroy invading cells is a(n) allergic reaction. sign of hypertension. autoimmune disease. fever.
fever.
A heart that beats in a quivering, sporadic manner is said to be experiencing __________. ischemia tachycardia fibrillation bradycardia
fibrillation
Calorie Dense
food items that contain considerable calories but are of little nutritional value
Foods believed to provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition are known as __________. genetically modified foods dietary supplements functional foods nutrient-dense foods
functional foods
Candidiasis is which type of infection? protozoan viral bacterial fungal
fungal
Which type of weight loss surgery involves a procedure that restricts stomach size to limit food intake? adipose tissue removal gastric banding liposuction gastric bypass
gastric banding
HMO plans require that members select a primary care physician (PCP) who will provide routine care. Members must also obtain a referral from the PCP before they can see a specialist, so the PCP functions as a __________. universal health care provider defensive medical doctor gatekeeper capitation
gatekeeper
According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who get 9 hours of sleep a night. get 8 hours of sleep a night. get more than 9 hours of sleep a night. get 7 hours of sleep a night.
get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Nutrient Dense
having a high amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories
Which of the following strategies may lower the risk for ovarian cancer? having a mother with a history of breast cancer not having children taking fertility drugs having annual pelvic exams
having annual pelvic exams
Overweight
having body weight more than 10 percent above healthy level
Obesity
having body weight more than 20 percent above healthy levels
Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change? transtheoretical model social cognitive model shaping model health belief model
health belief model
The most restrictive type of managed care plan that offers the least amount of choice to consumers is the __________. preferred provider organization (PPO) fee-for-service (FFS) plan health maintenance organization (HMO) point-of-service (POS) plan
health maintenance organization (HMO)
The two leading causes of death among the overall U.S. population are __________. cancer and strokes heart disease and respiratory disease heart disease and cancer cancer and accidents
heart disease and cancer
Iron
hemoglobin
Virally caused inflammation of the liver is known as __________. necrotizing fasciitis hepatitis liver failure cirrhosis
hepatitis
Last summer, Mallory began a sexual relationship with a man she later discovered was a user of IV drugs. Now Mallory has hepatitis. Which type is she most likely to have? hepatitis A hepatitis B hepatitis C hepatitis D
hepatitis B
Glenna is trying to determine her healthy weight. She should assess how her clothes fit. how her weight compares to that of her friends. how often her weight fluctuates up and down and in what increments. her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.
her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.
Regular exercise is known to increase the body's levels of __________. low-density lipoproteins triglycerides high-density lipoproteins total cholesterol
high-density lipoproteins
When developing a strength-training program, if you want to increase muscular strength, you need a varied exercise selection. lower intensity and a higher number of repetitions and sets. higher intensity and fewer repetitions and sets. a consistent number of repetitions and sets.
higher intensity and fewer repetitions and sets.
Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT his actions that often harm others verbally or physically. his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life. bouts of anger ranging from irritation to rage. his negative beliefs and hostile attitudes toward others.
his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life.
The state in which all body systems are functioning smoothly and in equilibrium is __________. relaxation homeostasis eustress distress
homeostasis
The process that occurs when fat cells swell and enlarge is dystrophy. hyperbole. hyperthyroidism. hypertrophy.
hypertrophy.
How does sleep deprivation affect drivers? improves response time increases thirst impairs motor skills increases hunger
impairs motor skills
Exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease by all of the following EXCEPT increasing LDL levels. increasing heart efficiency. improving blood flow. increasing the number of capillaries.
increasing LDL levels.
The length of time required for some viruses to fully develop and cause symptoms in their host is the __________ period. colonization incubation drug resistance inoculation
incubation
Determinants of health are a range of critical factors in a person's life that influence health status. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases. are related to genetics. influence his or her response to medical treatment.
influence health status.
Minerals
inorganic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions
If a physician is board eligible, that means that he or she __________. is qualified to take the national board examination in the area of specialty has been certified as competent in a specialized field has passed the national board examination in the area of specialty has graduated from medical school but has not yet begun a residency
is qualified to take the national board examination in the area of specialty
All of the following are true about the hormone epinephrine EXCEPT that it __________. is secreted by the adrenal glands is also known as adrenaline prepares the body for action is released by the pituitary gland
is released by the pituitary gland
Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)
is the energy expenditure that occurs during physical activity
Diabetes Type 1
juvenile diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes where the body produces little or no insulin. must inject insulin into the body.
One dangerous consequence of very-low-calorie diets is that they increase the individual's risk for a condition in which the blood levels become acidic. This is known as hypertension. stenosis. anemia. ketoacidosis.
ketoacidosis
If cells cannot utilize glucose for energy, the body will break down fat, which produces acidic molecules called lipids. proteins. glycogen. ketones.
ketones
A vegetarian who consumes dairy products but no other animal products is known as a __________. semi-vegetarian vegan lacto-vegetarian pesco-vegetarian
lacto-vegetarian
The type of cancer characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is __________. carcinoma sarcoma lymphoma leukemia
leukemia
Regular physical activity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT a lower __________. life expectancy incidence of type 2 diabetes incidence of hypertension incidence of cardiovascular disease
life expectancy
The increasingly high rate of overweight and obesity among Americans is primarily due to metabolism. heredity. lifestyle. increased income inequality.
lifestyle.
The perceived source and underlying cause of events in a person's life is that individual's __________. locus of control cue to action precontemplation nonmodifiable determinant
locus of control
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense? low-fat milk ice cream butter frozen yogurt
low-fat milk
Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer classified as a __________. sarcoma leukemia lymphoma carcinoma
lymphoma
The purpose of hydrogenating unsaturated fats is to make them more solid at room temperature. increase the levels of protein. reduce the amount of cholesterol. make them more liquid at room temperature.
make them more solid at room temperature.
The legal term for improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a health care provider that results in loss or harm to the patient is malfunction. incompetence. abandonment. malpractice.
malpractice.
Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n) activity reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer. social reinforcer. possessional reinforcer.
manipulative reinforcer.
Josie recently had a biopsy that indicated that breast cancer has spread to her lymph nodes. The process of malignant cells spreading to other locations in the body is known as __________. malignancy metastasis remission ischemia
metastasis
The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs. decreasing appetite and thirst. relieving pain. increasing heart and respiratory rates.
mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.
Learning specific behaviors by watching others perform them is known as __________. rehearsal modeling shaping visualization
modeling
simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides and disaccharides
An individual whose BMI is 42 would be classified as morbidly obese. overweight. super obese. obese.
morbidly obese.
Since 1960, the percentage of the U.S. population that is obese has doubled. increased by 50 percent. increased by 25 percent. more than doubled.
more than doubled.
The amount of force a muscle is capable of exerting is __________. muscular strength aerobic capacity muscular endurance one repetition maximum
muscular strength
All of the following are ways to determine whether a person may be having a stroke EXCEPT __________. myocardial infarction speech difficulties, including slurring, use of inappropriate words, or inability to speak facial droop arm drift
myocardial infarction
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life? naturally acquired passive immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity artificially acquired active immunity
naturally acquired active immunity
A tumor that is benign is __________. spreading quickly metastatic cancerous noncancerous
noncancerous
Muscular endurance is best developed by increasing the __________. amount of weight lifted or resistance used time between sets number of repetitions speed of movements
number of repetitions
A nurse who has an advanced degree, conducts diagnostic tests, and can prescribe medication in some states is a __________. nurse practitioner licensed practical nurse vocational nurse registered nurse
nurse practitioner
You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors is within your individual control? heredity nutritional status environmental conditions age
nutritional status
Common food allergens include all of the following EXCEPT peanuts. eggs. oats. milk
oats
Genes that have the potential to be cancer-causing are called __________. oncogenes nutrigenetic ABCD genes ischemic
oncogenes
According to cancer experts, what percentage of cancers could be prevented by being physically active and eating a healthy diet? one-quarter one-half three-quarters one-third
one-third
What portion of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB)? one-third one-fifth one-fourth one-half
one-third
A physician who is trained to provide medical and surgical care of the eyes is an __________. osteopath ophthalmologist optometrist orthodontist
ophthalmologist
A scratched eyeball should be treated by a(n) __________. oncologist optometrist ophthalmologist periodontist
ophthalmologist
Alexa prescribes and fits lenses to correct vision problems, but she isn't a physician. Alexa is a(n) __________. optometrist physician assistant osteopath ophthalmologist
optometrist
Vitamins
organic compounds that promote growth and are essential to life and health
Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription as part of self-care are brand-name drugs. formulary drugs. over-the-counter drugs. generic drugs.
over-the-counter drugs.
Josiah is a full-time student who is captain of the football team, and vice president of the biology club. He also works part-time. The primary stressor in his life would be __________. eustress conflict overload exhaustion
overload
The cumulative effects of day-after-day stresses placed on tendons, muscles, and joints during exercise may result in __________. training reversal traumatic injuries muscle fatigue overuse injuries
overuse injuries
The largest form of pathogen is protozoa. fungi. bacteria. parasitic worms.
parasitic worms.
Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are known as __________. protozoans antigens pathogens virulent
pathogens
Capitation refers to a one-time fee that is paid to health care providers from insurance companies if the patient enrolls in an HMO. administrators and stockholders in a proprietary hospital determining the fee schedule for a given fiscal year. payment of a fixed monthly amount to a health-care provider per enrolled patient, regardless of the type or number of services provided. care received from salaried practitioners at a specific health care facility, such as a hospital or clinic.
payment of a fixed monthly amount to a health-care provider per enrolled patient, regardless of the type or number of services provided.
The ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity on a regular basis without excessive fatigue is known as __________. muscular endurance muscular strength sports skills physical fitness
physical fitness
Two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the cerebellum. brain stem. amygdala. pineal body.
pineal body.
The gland that secretes ACTH is the thymus. adrenal. thyroid. pituitary.
pituitary
complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides
The amount of a food you choose to eat at any one time is a __________. dietary reference intake serving meal portion
portion
Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal is an example of negative reinforcement. encouragement. shaping. positive reinforcement.
positive reinforcement.
The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is preparation. contemplation. maintenance. precontemplation.
precontemplation.
Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of reinforcing factors. predisposing factors. enabling factors. motivational factors.
predisposing factors.
Lauren has diabetes, and her new job requires that she choose a new health insurance plan. In the past, when she had to change insurance plans, there was usually a period of time during which the new insurance company refused to cover her diabetic care expenses because she has a(n) __________. lifetime limit preexisting condition inconsistent work history history of prior claims
preexisting condition
A managed care plan in which health care providers join a network and offer services to members at discounted rates (but members may see non-network providers at a higher cost) is a __________. point-of-service (POS) plan preferred provider organization (PPO) diagnosis-related group (DRG) health maintenance organization (HMO)
preferred provider organization (PPO)
A payment made to an insurance company, usually on a monthly basis, to cover the cost of an insurance policy is the deductible. premium. lifetime limit. waiting period.
premium.
Stress inoculation refers to reducing your level of stress by __________. preparing ahead of time for stressful events meditating utilizing therapy downshifting
preparing ahead of time for stressful events
A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause mad cow disease is a type of prion. virus. fungi. protozoan.
prion.
Mortality rate is defined as the __________. expected number of years of life remaining at a given age proportion of deaths to population expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age proportion of preventable differences in health outcomes
proportion of deaths to population
The most common type of cancer for males in the United States today is __________. testicular cancer prostate cancer colon cancer lung cancer
prostate cancer
When eating a very-low-calorie diet for prolonged periods, the body may begin to obtain fuel from minerals stored in bone. protein in lean body tissue. glycogen stored in the brain. fluid reabsorption by the kidneys.
protein in lean body tissue.
Which of the following play a role in developing and repairing bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells? carbohydrates proteins fats water
proteins
Andre is a person with a sense of control, commitment, and enthusiasm for embracing challenges. These traits indicate that he has __________. psychological hardiness a Type A personality a need to downshift a tendency toward overload
psychological hardiness
A view of health that sees the development of disease as resulting from an individual's interaction with his or her social and physical environment is the __________. public health model scientific model medical model biological model
public health model
Exercise reduces stress by __________. improving aerobic capacity decreasing energy raising levels of endorphins suppressing immune function
raising levels of endorphins
Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure? reaction to a tetanus vaccination rheumatic fever radiation or chemotherapy pneumonia
reaction to a tetanus vaccination
Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT macrophages. red blood cells. antibodies. lymphocytes.
red blood cells.
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT __________. reduced blood pressure insulin resistance elevated blood fat abdominal weight gain
reduced blood pressure
Conditions that increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT gestational diabetes. pre-diabetes. metabolic syndrome. regular exercise and a healthy diet.
regular exercise and a healthy diet.
Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n) enabling factor. reinforcing factor. predisposing factor. contributing factor.
reinforcing factor.
Good advice to someone who wants to exercise in hot weather would include all of the following EXCEPT wear appropriate clothing. restrict the intake of fluids before working out. exercise in early morning or evening, when temperatures are cooler. avoid dehydration.
restrict the intake of fluids before working out.
Actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes are known as __________. health disparities barriers predisposing factors risk behaviors
risk behaviors
Ana has been diagnosed with insomnia. If her doctor prescribes a medication to treat her condition, it will most likely be some type of narcotic. stimulant. antidepressant. sedative.
sedative.
Knowing your body and its signals and taking appropriate action to stop the progression of illness or injury or to enhance wellness is known as __________. health care self-care self-diagnosis alternative care
self-care
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task successfully is the quality known as __________. self-efficacy self-esteem self-awareness the ability to focus
self-efficacy
Anger can develop in response to all of the following, EXCEPT a __________. reaction to injustice series of minor frustrations perceived threat sense of safety and well-being
sense of safety and well-being
A good way to control portion sizes when you eat at home is to eat restaurant leftovers several times a week. eat more frozen and convenience foods. serve meals on smaller plates. serve the food buffet style to reduce trips to the kitchen.
serve meals on smaller plates.
The term that describes an infection transmitted through some form of intimate contact is __________. human immunodeficiency virus chronic infectious disease blood-borne disease sexually transmitted infection
sexually transmitted infection
Taking small steps to achieve a change in behavior is known as __________. rehearsing visualizing modeling shaping
shaping
The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is journaling. shaping. preparation. action.
shaping.
Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of situational inducement. negative reinforcement. social reinforcement. an activity reinforcer.
situational inducement.
The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the health belief model. transtheoretical model. behavior modification model. social cognitive model.
social cognitive model.
Laura now sets time aside to read to her daughter each night before bedtime. This behavior will enhance her daughter's __________. environmental health social health physical health spiritual health
social health
The mineral necessary for the regulation of blood and body fluids is iodine. zinc. calcium. sodium.
sodium.
Which form of exercise involves techniques that slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles and the associated tendons? tai chi static stretching yoga Pilates
static stretching
The primary action of insulin is to metabolize glucose to energy. stimulate transporters to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell. increase blood glucose concentration. stimulate cells to carry glucose into the liver for storage.
stimulate transporters to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell.
Glycogen
storage form of glucose in liver and muscle
The physical and mental response that our bodies go through when exposed to challenges or perceived threats is __________. stress trauma eustress distress
stress
A real or perceived threat or challenge that causes the body to produce a response is a(n) __________. frustration stressor phobia injury
stressor
disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Vitamin D
sunshine vitamin
All of the following are components of "SMART" EXCEPT __________. measurable time-oriented realistic superficial
superficial
A rapid heart rate in the absence of exercise or anxiety is referred to as __________. angina tachycardia bradycardia ischemia
tachycardia
Downshifting refers to the process of taking steps to simplify one's life. deliberately completing tasks at a slower pace. allowing passivity to take over as a result of stress. using meditation to combat the stress response.
taking steps to simplify one's life.
Exercising at 64-95 percent of your maximum heart rate means that you are working at your __________. initial conditioning stage reversibility rate target heart rate perceived maximal exertion
target heart rate
Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease include all of the following EXCEPT __________. intake of saturated fats and cholesterol activity level the amount of cholesterol your body produces tobacco use
the amount of cholesterol your body produces
During REM sleep body temperature drops. muscles contract and relax. the brain processes and consolidates information. the body moves around a lot.
the brain processes and consolidates information.
Nutrients are units of measure that indicate the amount of energy in a particular food. made up of three basic food groups: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. the healthful compounds found in vitamins and minerals. the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.
the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.
RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances)
the daily nutrient intake levels meeting the nutritional need of 97 to 98 percent of healthy individuals
If caught early, the prognosis for colon cancer is good because it can be cured with diet. the disease progresses slowly. treatments are so advanced. treatment can be delayed.
the disease progresses slowly.
Fiber
the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move food through the digestive system and softens stools by absorbing water
The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that a heart valve is malfunctioning. the individual is engaging in vigorous exercise. the individual is very fit. the individual is stressed.
the individual is very fit.
Feeling better after taking sugar pills instead of actual medication is an example of __________. a clinical trial the self-care process the placebo effect alternative medicine
the placebo effect
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)
the range of protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake that provide adequate nutrition, and they are associated with a reduced risk for chronic disease
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
the rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment (1200 - 1800 cal)
Nutrition
the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten
Aerobic capacity is defined as __________. the maximal volume of oxygen that the muscles consume during exercise a muscle's ability to exert force repeatedly the amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting in one contraction the volume of oxygen consumed by the muscles during exercise
the volume of oxygen consumed by the muscles during exercise
People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on environmental factors. fate and luck. previous disappointments. their own actions.
their own actions.
All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT there are hundreds of viruses that cause disease. drug treatment is limited. they can reproduce outside of cells. they are the smallest pathogens.
they can reproduce outside of cells.
You should consult a physician to check blood pressure and temperature. to treat a reaction to an insect bite. if you vomit after dining out. to learn new relaxation techniques.
to treat a reaction to an insect bite.
All of the following influence a person's risk for developing cancer EXCEPT __________. stress too much exercise tobacco use overconsumption of alcohol
too much exercise
Candi was mortified when her doctor told her that she had a protozoal disease. She probably had candidiasis. trichomoniasis. parasitic worms. rickettsia.
trichomoniasis.
In which form of diabetes does the immune system destroy the body's insulin-producing cells? gestational diabetes type 1 diabetes prediabetes type 2 diabetes
type 1 diabetes
Which form of diabetes develops slowly and occurs when the body either loses its ability to produce enough insulin or cannot respond to the insulin that is available? insulin-dependent diabetes type 2 diabetes gestational diabetes type 1 diabetes
type 2 diabetes
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by __________. replication of genetic material uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells predictable spreading of normal cells blood cell malformation
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
The inability to pay out-of-pocket medical expenses despite having health insurance is known as being __________. underinsured uninsurable uninsured excluded
underinsured
Calcium
used for building strong bones and teeth, muscle contractions, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, heartbeat regulation, and fluid balance within cells
If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid? maintaining a healthy weight obtaining recommended health screenings using the emergency room for your routine health care exercising regularly
using the emergency room for your routine health care
A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a vegetarian. lacto-ovo-vegetarian. vegan. pesco-vegetarian.
vegan.
Carbon dioxide and waste products are transported to the lungs and kidneys by the __________. arteries and arterioles veins and venules ventricles pulmonary arteries
veins and venules
The two lower chambers of the heart are the __________. atria ventricles aortas valves
ventricles
Downshifting involves making changes in one's life to slow the pace and reduce pressures; this process is also known as __________. general adaptation syndrome (GAS) relocation voluntary simplicity stress management
voluntary simplicity
Insomnia is often characterized by chronic joint pain upon lying down. temporary lapses in breathing while asleep. nightmares. waking up frequently during the night.
waking up frequently during the night.
Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? changing environmental obstacles wanting to change asking friends for advice deciding on several rewards for making the change
wanting to change
Of the following choices, the BEST example of conflict is too many responsibilities. experiencing illness due to stress. wanting to go out with friends, but needing to study. worrying about a tough test.
wanting to go out with friends, but needing to study.
The word health is often used to mean the same as __________. fitness mortality wellness life expectancy
wellness
Which type of dieting involves a cycle of restriction and weight loss followed by a period of weight gain? low-carbohydrate diets fasting yo-yo diets very-low-calorie diets
yo-yo diets