Chapter 4

41) The theorist who expanded psychoanalytic theory to include the life-span was

Erikson.

26) Someone who is "moving toward" people would exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Seeking to please others

3) Which of the following is NOT a division of the psyche, according to Jung?

The paraconscious

36) Erikson's theory is unique and particularly well known for its focus on

all of these.

58) Karen Horney is known for her

all of these.

22) Horney believed that what women really wanted was

autonomy and control.

44) In neo-analytic theory, a child's fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure, which arises from problems in relations with one's parents (such as lack of warmth), is termed

basic anxiety.

51) The shadow archetype is best described as the

dark, socially unacceptable part of personality.

57) Organ inferiority refers to the idea that

everyone is born with some physical weakness.

16) A superiority complex is often a reaction to A) being raised in a loving and supportive family.

feelings of inferiority.

18) The concept of "masculine protest" describes

individual striving for competence and independence.

9) According to Jung, the socially acceptable front that we present to others is called the

persona.

15) Ken is a very outgoing person. He makes friends easily, jokes with others, and is gullible (people love to play jokes on him because he is easily drawn into the game). Ken is also considered a good friend because he is a good listener and seems to truly feel what the other person is going through. Based on Jungian theory, Ken's seems to have a __________ personality.

feeling extroverted

52) A complex, as described by Jung, is a(n)

group of emotionally charged feelings related to a theme.

10) A complex is a

group of emotionally charged thoughts, feelings, and ideas about a theme.

35) Erikson's theory of development focuses on the idea that

growth involves stages in which we resolve conflicts throughout life.

11) Brian is struggling with himself. He's always been a good student, but lately his grades have been slipping a little bit. He feels like he has nothing in common with those who were once close friends, and yet he doesn't seem to "fit in" with any other crowd. He will be finishing his degree in history next year, but lately, he's been wondering whether he really wants to be an historian (and he feels silly that he's wasted so much valuable time on something that he might not even want to do for the rest of his life). His girlfriend wants to get married after graduation, and he had planned to give her a ring over winter break; however, lately he's been feeling like marriage should wait. He wants to have time to explore the world and "discover" himself before settling down. Brian seems to have a(n)

identity crisis.

43) The stage at which an individual encounters the crisis of Trust Versus Mistrust is

infancy.

50) Jung's concept of the collective unconscious differs from Freud's concept of the unconscious in that

Jung's theory includes archetypes that are common to all people and were formed since the beginning of time.

31) Who, in his therapy, often played the role of "therapist-qua-parent" in an attempt to help patients develop a healthy self-concept and overcome their narcissism?

Kohut

46) An individual who is high in self-monitoring is likely to

maintain a situational orientation.

7) The animus represents the __________, while the anima represents the __________.

male element of a woman; female element of a man

30) Chris is two years old and well-adjusted. His attachment to his mother is healthy, and he is a happy child. Mahler would say that he is a __________ child.

normal symbiotic

20) Adler's typology was based on

the four Greek humors, social interest level, and degree of activity.

21) The importance of birth order was discussed by

) Adler.

5) Which of the following thoughts or experiences might be found in the "personal unconscious"?

) All of these would be found in the personal unconscious.

19) Which of the following are among the social issues Adler believed everyone had to address?

) Occupational tasks, societal tasks, and love tasks

62) Erikson's stage of Trust vs. Mistrust is best described as the

) first stage, in which a baby learns to either trust or mistrust that his or her needs will be taken care of.

32) A relational perspective suggests that

) initial patterns of self-other relations influence our self-concepts and social relations later in life.

49) According to Jung, the mind is divided into three parts. These three parts are

) the conscious ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious.

40) Karen Horney believed that women often felt inferior to men because

they were raised to see men as superior, and society overemphasized securing a man's love.

4) Jung believed the "mind" is comprised of __________ parts.

three

54) Adler's theory of psychology focused on

unique motivations of individuals and the importance of each person's perceived niche in society.

2) Jung believed that dreams and "visions"

were important communications from a paranormal realm

48) James Pennebaker suggests that disclosing traumas in the form of __________ for 15 minutes a day can improve health.

writing a narrative

39) According to Jung, the collective unconscious consists of powerful emotional symbols called

archetypes.

61) Erikson's theory differed from Freud's theory in that Erikson's theory

extended development through adulthood.

13) Jung described two major "attitudes," which were

extroversion and introversion.

33) Erikson believed that the first crisis an individual must struggle with is

Trust versus Mistrust.

14) Jung believed there were __________ basic personality types.

8

63) Erikson's concept of an identity crisis refers to what?

A failure to overcome an ego crisis, which results in one's inability to know who he or she is, and the struggle to find out

23) Which of the following is the set of Horney's styles of adapting to the world?

Aggressive, passive, and withdrawn

25) Patrice thinks she is a failure. According to her assessment, her grades are bad, she is overweight, and she is unattractive. She also says she doesn't have any friends. In reality, Patrice does have friends, her grades are fine, and she is an attractive, albeit a slightly plump, young woman. Horney would say that Patrice is over-identifying with her

Despised Self.

34) Eunice is a retired bookkeeper who is now miserable, although she experienced no particular hardships in her life. As she looks back on her life, she sees many things that she wishes she had done differently. For instance, she feels that her work was not a meaningful contribution to society, thinks her adult children don't have good moral values, and regrets that she did not pursue higher education (she often thought about it, but somehow, things never worked out). Erikson would say that Eunice is experiencing the crisis of __________.

Ego Integrity Versus Despair

28) Who has sometimes been called the "founder of ego psychology"?

Hartmann

42) The concept of "basic anxiety" was formed by which theorist?

Horney

53) Adler coined the term _______________ to encompass his theory of psychology

Individual Psychology

55) A boy goes to math class every day and tries to understand the problems. Each day, he falls further and further behind the rest of the class as the problems get harder. Later in life, the boy is afraid of taking math classes and chooses a college major that requires the least amount of math. According to Adler, what has this boy developed?

Inferiority complex

29) Who of the following was an object relations theorist?

Mahler

47) The theorist known for his theory of self-monitoring is

Mark Snyder.

38) Who of the following has successfully negotiated Erikson's stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

Nathan has a few close friends and just married the woman he has been dating for four years.

24) To Horney, the goal of psychoanalysis was to help the person

accept his or her "Real Self."

60) Which of the following characterizes Object Relations Theories?

Theories that have to do with psychic drives and the importance of relations with others in defining ourselves

37) What is common to the following researchers: Emmons, Little, Cantor?C) They all look at people's goals as a way of understanding personality.

They all look at people's goals as a way of understanding personality.

12) Which of the following is NOT one of Jung's proposed functions of the mind?

Wishing

27) "Basic anxiety" refers to

a child's fear of being alone, hopeless, and insecure.

59) In Horney's view, a person who adapts to the world by being compliant has adopted a(n) ________ style of adaptation.

passive

6) Archetypes are

powerful emotional symbols rooted in our human history.

17) Adler's primary difference with Freud concerned Adler's

rejection of sexuality as the prime motivator.

8) Little Evelyn was caught stealing by her mother. As she tried to defend herself, she said, "I didn't mean to do it! My 'evil twin' took over." Evelyn is invoking the __________ archetype.

shadow

45) According to Erikson, healthy development relates to the capacity of an individual to

successfully negotiate and progress through each of life's ego crises.

1) In childhood, Jung's ability to take the perspective of a rock

suggested to him that he might have more than one form of being.

56) A woman who grew up being constantly ridiculed for her fashion choices now tells all her friends what to wear, what the latest fashion styles are, and how they should present themselves. Every opinion she has on fashion is right, and she is quick to defend herself and her arguments. According to Adler, this woman has developed a(n) ________ complex.

superiority