Chapter 4 Biology

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sac-like membranes that make up the grana within the chloroplast

thylakoid membrane

A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow across the thylakoid membrane into the stroma

true

All life needs energy

true

As mushrooms are fungi, they are heterotrophs

true

Autotrophs are producers

true

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

true

Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration

true

During the Calvin cycle, NADPH and ATP are used to make glucose

true

Earth's oxygen comes from photosynthesis

true

Electron transport occurs in the thylakoid membranes

true

Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form

true

Heterotrophs cannot make their own food

true

Light is absorbed by photosystems in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

true

Many scientists consider photosynthesis to be the most important life process on Earth

true

Mitochondria posses their own DNA and ribosomes

true

Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis

true

Photons of sunlight can excite and energize electrons

true

Photosynthesis provides almost all of the energy used by living things on Earth

true

The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

true

Whereas photosynthesis occurs in only some organisms, cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living things

true

____________ turns of the Calvin cycle produce one molecule of ____________

two, glucose

Just like the chloroplast, the stroma separates the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria

false

Like matter, energy is also recycled by living organisms

false

Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration begins with an electron transport chain

false

Like photosynthesis, chemosynthesis also relies on sunlight

false

Only four types of organisms — plants, algae, fungi and some bacteria — can make food through photosynthesis

false

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration

false

Photosynthetic animals are autotrophs

false

Two turns of the Calvin cycle produce two molecules of glucose

false

Heterotrophs are living things that cannot make their own ____________

food

organic molecules that store energy in their chemical bonds

food

shows how energy and matter flow from producers to consumers

food chain

During the Calvin cycle, ____________ is produced

glucose

main product of photosynthesis

glucose

stores chemical energy in a concentrated, stable form

glucose

____________ and ____________ are the two types of molecules organisms use for chemical energy

glucose, ATP

Chloroplasts contain ____________, which are made out of sac-like membranes, known as ___- _________ membranes.

grana, thylakoid

all animals and fungi and many single-celled organisms

heterotroph

Stage I of photosynthesis is called the ____________

light reactions

stage of photosynthesis in which the energy from sunlight is stored in ATP and NADPH

light reactions

During the first stage of photosynthesis, a molecule of ____________ gas is released

oxygen

Glucose and ____________ are the products of photosynthesis

oxygen

Without photosynthesis, there would be no ____________ in the atmosphere

oxygen

process in which sunlight is used to make "food"

photosynthesis

process that stores energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of glucose

photosynthesis

groups of molecules where sunlight is absorbed during the light reactions

photosystem

also known as autotrophs

producer

The chemical formula of glucose is ____________

C6H12O6

organisms that make their own food

autotroph

Most ____________ make food using photosynthesis

autotrophs

____________ make their own food, whereas ____________ get food by eating other living things

autotrophs, heterotrophs

space outside the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast

stroma

Photosynthesis is the process in which energy from ____________ is transferred to glucose

sunlight

Essentially, the oxygen we breathe is (a) necessary for the light reactions to proceed. (b) a waste product of photosynthesis. (c) a reactant of the Calvin cycle. (d) essential for the homeostasis of the plant cell.

b

How do bacteria that live deep below the ocean's surface make food? (a) by photosynthesis (b) by chemosynthesis (c) by cellular respiration (d) They eat other organisms.

b

The correct chemical formula for photosynthesis (in the presence of sunlight) (a) 6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O. (b) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. (c) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (d) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O

b

During the first stage of photosynthesis, two ____________ are passed from molecule to molecule down the electron-transport chain

electrons

Living organisms get their ____________ from food

energy

the ability to do work

energy

A food chain shows how energy and matter flow from consumers to producers

false

ATP and NADPH are the reactants of the light reactions

false

ATP is the "energy currency" of the cell, so it makes sense that a molecule of ATP contains much more chemical energy than a molecule of glucose

false

All cells have chloroplasts

false

Because you are able to cook your own food in the microwave oven, you are a producer

false

Both stages of photosynthesis need sunlight to proceed.

false

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis

false

All organisms burn glucose to form ____________ during cellular respiration

ATP

the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy

ATP

During the light reactions, ____________ and ____________ are produced

ATP, NADPH

During the light reactions, water molecules are made

false

energy carrying molecule

NADPH

ATP synthase is (a) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a channel protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane. (b) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a channel protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the chloroplast inner membrane. (c) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a carrier protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane. (d) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a carrier protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the chloroplast inner membrane.

a

By the end of the light reactions, energy from sunlight (a) has been stored in chemical bonds of NADPH and ATP. (b) has been transferred to glucose. (c) has entered the Calvin cycle. (d) is ready for use in the cell.

a

Photosynthesis (a) uses the energy in sunlight to make food. (b) uses the glucose in sunlight to make food. (c) uses the energy in sunlight to make ATP. (d) breaks down glucose to form ATP.

a

Photosynthesis can be described as the process that: (a) uses carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, to produce food (glucose) and oxygen. (b) uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy for the cell (ATP), releasing carbon dioxide and water. (c) uses glucose and oxygen, in the presence of sunlight, to make ATP. (d) uses carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, to produce ATP and oxygen.

a

The correct sequence of events in the light reactions is (a) absorption of sunlight, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, ATP is made, NADPH is made. (b) absorption of sunlight, splitting of water, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, ATP is made. (c) electrons flow down the electron transport chain, NADPH is made, ATP is made, water is split. (d) absorption of sunlight, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, NADPH is made, water is split.

b

Which statement best describes the relationship between a consumer and a producer? (a) A lion eating an antelope. (b) A caterpillar eating a leaf. (c) A snake eating a rat. (d) A flower absorbing sunlight

b

The Calvin cycle occurs (a) in the granum of the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. (b) in the stroma surrounding the inner membrane of the chloroplast. (c) in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. (d) in the granum inside the inner membrane of the chloroplast.

c

Which of the following statements is true? (a) The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration. (b) The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. (c) Both statements are true. (d) Neither statement is true.

c

Stage II of photosynthesis is called the ____________

calvin cycle

stage of photosynthesis in which glucose is made

calvin cycle

____________, water, and energy are the products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide

____________ is the process in which energy from glucose is transferred to ATP

cellular respiration

the process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made

cellular respiration

Making food with chemical energy instead of sunlight is called ____________

chemosynthesis

process in which chemical energy, instead of sunlight, is used to make "food"

chemosynthesis

a green pigment

chlorohyll

The green pigment, ____________, absorbs light to start photosynthesis

chlorophyll

organelle of photosynthesis

chloroplast

Photosynthesis occurs in the ____________, and cellular respiration occurs in the _______- _____

chloroplast, mitochondria

____________ are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place

chloroplasts

organisms that must eat

consumer

In the food chain grass → grasshopper → snake → hawk, which organism(s) are the heterotrophs? (a) the grass (b) the grass and grasshopper (c) the hawk (d) the grasshopper, snake, and hawk

d

Most autotrophs make "food" through the process of (a) cellular respiration. (b) chemosynthesis. (c) homeostasis. (d) photosynthesis.

d

The Calvin cycle (a) starts with the molecule RuBP. (b) uses the energy in ATP and NADPH from the light reactions (c) turns twice to produce one molecule of glucose. (d) all of the above

d

Which of the following autotrophs is also a producer? (a) a maple tree (b) the blue-green bacteria known as cyanobacteria (c) Laurencia, a marine genus of Red Algae from Hawaii. (d) All of the above are producers.

d

Which of the following statements is true about glucose and ATP? (1) Glucose is made during photosynthesis. (2) The energy in sunlight is temporarily stored in glucose before it is transferred to ATP. (3) ATP is the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy. (4) The processes that make ATP and glucose also recycle oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. (a) statement 1 only (b) statements 2 and 3 only (c) statements 1, 2, and 3 only (d) All 4 statements are correct.

d

organism at the end of a food chain

decomposer

series of electron-transport molecules, which pass electrons from molecule to molecule

electron tranpsort chain

In photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle comes before the light reactions

false


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