Chapter 4 Biology
sac-like membranes that make up the grana within the chloroplast
thylakoid membrane
A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow across the thylakoid membrane into the stroma
true
All life needs energy
true
As mushrooms are fungi, they are heterotrophs
true
Autotrophs are producers
true
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria
true
Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
true
During the Calvin cycle, NADPH and ATP are used to make glucose
true
Earth's oxygen comes from photosynthesis
true
Electron transport occurs in the thylakoid membranes
true
Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form
true
Heterotrophs cannot make their own food
true
Light is absorbed by photosystems in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
true
Many scientists consider photosynthesis to be the most important life process on Earth
true
Mitochondria posses their own DNA and ribosomes
true
Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis
true
Photons of sunlight can excite and energize electrons
true
Photosynthesis provides almost all of the energy used by living things on Earth
true
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
true
Whereas photosynthesis occurs in only some organisms, cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living things
true
____________ turns of the Calvin cycle produce one molecule of ____________
two, glucose
Just like the chloroplast, the stroma separates the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria
false
Like matter, energy is also recycled by living organisms
false
Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration begins with an electron transport chain
false
Like photosynthesis, chemosynthesis also relies on sunlight
false
Only four types of organisms — plants, algae, fungi and some bacteria — can make food through photosynthesis
false
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration
false
Photosynthetic animals are autotrophs
false
Two turns of the Calvin cycle produce two molecules of glucose
false
Heterotrophs are living things that cannot make their own ____________
food
organic molecules that store energy in their chemical bonds
food
shows how energy and matter flow from producers to consumers
food chain
During the Calvin cycle, ____________ is produced
glucose
main product of photosynthesis
glucose
stores chemical energy in a concentrated, stable form
glucose
____________ and ____________ are the two types of molecules organisms use for chemical energy
glucose, ATP
Chloroplasts contain ____________, which are made out of sac-like membranes, known as ___- _________ membranes.
grana, thylakoid
all animals and fungi and many single-celled organisms
heterotroph
Stage I of photosynthesis is called the ____________
light reactions
stage of photosynthesis in which the energy from sunlight is stored in ATP and NADPH
light reactions
During the first stage of photosynthesis, a molecule of ____________ gas is released
oxygen
Glucose and ____________ are the products of photosynthesis
oxygen
Without photosynthesis, there would be no ____________ in the atmosphere
oxygen
process in which sunlight is used to make "food"
photosynthesis
process that stores energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of glucose
photosynthesis
groups of molecules where sunlight is absorbed during the light reactions
photosystem
also known as autotrophs
producer
The chemical formula of glucose is ____________
C6H12O6
organisms that make their own food
autotroph
Most ____________ make food using photosynthesis
autotrophs
____________ make their own food, whereas ____________ get food by eating other living things
autotrophs, heterotrophs
space outside the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast
stroma
Photosynthesis is the process in which energy from ____________ is transferred to glucose
sunlight
Essentially, the oxygen we breathe is (a) necessary for the light reactions to proceed. (b) a waste product of photosynthesis. (c) a reactant of the Calvin cycle. (d) essential for the homeostasis of the plant cell.
b
How do bacteria that live deep below the ocean's surface make food? (a) by photosynthesis (b) by chemosynthesis (c) by cellular respiration (d) They eat other organisms.
b
The correct chemical formula for photosynthesis (in the presence of sunlight) (a) 6CO2 + 6O2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O. (b) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. (c) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (d) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O
b
During the first stage of photosynthesis, two ____________ are passed from molecule to molecule down the electron-transport chain
electrons
Living organisms get their ____________ from food
energy
the ability to do work
energy
A food chain shows how energy and matter flow from consumers to producers
false
ATP and NADPH are the reactants of the light reactions
false
ATP is the "energy currency" of the cell, so it makes sense that a molecule of ATP contains much more chemical energy than a molecule of glucose
false
All cells have chloroplasts
false
Because you are able to cook your own food in the microwave oven, you are a producer
false
Both stages of photosynthesis need sunlight to proceed.
false
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis
false
All organisms burn glucose to form ____________ during cellular respiration
ATP
the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy
ATP
During the light reactions, ____________ and ____________ are produced
ATP, NADPH
During the light reactions, water molecules are made
false
energy carrying molecule
NADPH
ATP synthase is (a) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a channel protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane. (b) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a channel protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the chloroplast inner membrane. (c) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a carrier protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane. (d) both an enzyme that makes ATP and a carrier protein, and helps hydrogen ions cross the chloroplast inner membrane.
a
By the end of the light reactions, energy from sunlight (a) has been stored in chemical bonds of NADPH and ATP. (b) has been transferred to glucose. (c) has entered the Calvin cycle. (d) is ready for use in the cell.
a
Photosynthesis (a) uses the energy in sunlight to make food. (b) uses the glucose in sunlight to make food. (c) uses the energy in sunlight to make ATP. (d) breaks down glucose to form ATP.
a
Photosynthesis can be described as the process that: (a) uses carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, to produce food (glucose) and oxygen. (b) uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy for the cell (ATP), releasing carbon dioxide and water. (c) uses glucose and oxygen, in the presence of sunlight, to make ATP. (d) uses carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, to produce ATP and oxygen.
a
The correct sequence of events in the light reactions is (a) absorption of sunlight, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, ATP is made, NADPH is made. (b) absorption of sunlight, splitting of water, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, ATP is made. (c) electrons flow down the electron transport chain, NADPH is made, ATP is made, water is split. (d) absorption of sunlight, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, NADPH is made, water is split.
b
Which statement best describes the relationship between a consumer and a producer? (a) A lion eating an antelope. (b) A caterpillar eating a leaf. (c) A snake eating a rat. (d) A flower absorbing sunlight
b
The Calvin cycle occurs (a) in the granum of the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. (b) in the stroma surrounding the inner membrane of the chloroplast. (c) in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. (d) in the granum inside the inner membrane of the chloroplast.
c
Which of the following statements is true? (a) The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration. (b) The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. (c) Both statements are true. (d) Neither statement is true.
c
Stage II of photosynthesis is called the ____________
calvin cycle
stage of photosynthesis in which glucose is made
calvin cycle
____________, water, and energy are the products of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
____________ is the process in which energy from glucose is transferred to ATP
cellular respiration
the process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made
cellular respiration
Making food with chemical energy instead of sunlight is called ____________
chemosynthesis
process in which chemical energy, instead of sunlight, is used to make "food"
chemosynthesis
a green pigment
chlorohyll
The green pigment, ____________, absorbs light to start photosynthesis
chlorophyll
organelle of photosynthesis
chloroplast
Photosynthesis occurs in the ____________, and cellular respiration occurs in the _______- _____
chloroplast, mitochondria
____________ are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplasts
organisms that must eat
consumer
In the food chain grass → grasshopper → snake → hawk, which organism(s) are the heterotrophs? (a) the grass (b) the grass and grasshopper (c) the hawk (d) the grasshopper, snake, and hawk
d
Most autotrophs make "food" through the process of (a) cellular respiration. (b) chemosynthesis. (c) homeostasis. (d) photosynthesis.
d
The Calvin cycle (a) starts with the molecule RuBP. (b) uses the energy in ATP and NADPH from the light reactions (c) turns twice to produce one molecule of glucose. (d) all of the above
d
Which of the following autotrophs is also a producer? (a) a maple tree (b) the blue-green bacteria known as cyanobacteria (c) Laurencia, a marine genus of Red Algae from Hawaii. (d) All of the above are producers.
d
Which of the following statements is true about glucose and ATP? (1) Glucose is made during photosynthesis. (2) The energy in sunlight is temporarily stored in glucose before it is transferred to ATP. (3) ATP is the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy. (4) The processes that make ATP and glucose also recycle oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. (a) statement 1 only (b) statements 2 and 3 only (c) statements 1, 2, and 3 only (d) All 4 statements are correct.
d
organism at the end of a food chain
decomposer
series of electron-transport molecules, which pass electrons from molecule to molecule
electron tranpsort chain
In photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle comes before the light reactions
false
