Chapter 4- Earth's Resources
contains 95 % carbon
anthracite
hard coal
anthracite
last stage of coal formation
anthracite
positive- available; negative- land availability
biomass & biofuels
another sedimentary rock, or soft coal
bituminous
contains 85 % carbon
bituminous
third stage of coal formation
bituminous
what is oil and natural gas and how were they formed?
came from remains of plants and animals that were buried in ancient seas
two gases that contribute to global warming:
carbon dioxide & water vapor
substance that is formed when heat and pressure transform plant material over millions of years
coal
Name 3 most important fossil fuels:
coal, oil, and natural gas
source of biomass & biofuels:
decomposed living material
how is oil extracted?
drilling into ground and pumping it out
any hydrocarbon that can be used as fuel
fossil fuel
What is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
fossil fuels
positive- clean; negative- high costs
geothermal energy
what is the requirement for oil to pumped out?
have to have a suitable suit
different uses of coal:
heating, recycling, steal manufacturing
source of geothermal energy:
hot water
positive- plentiful; negative- expensive
hydrogen and fuel cells
contains 40 % carbon
lignite
second stage of coal formation
lignite
sedimentary rock that is often called brown coal
lignite
disadvantages of coal:
nonrenewable resource, contributes to global warming
Name two disadvantages in using oil.
nonrenewable, contributes to greenhouse gases
positive- doesn't help global warming; negative- no safe disposable method
nuclear energy
rock that contains wavy mixture of hydrocarbons called kerogen
oil shales
first stage of coal formation
peat
paritally decayed plant material that looks like soil
peat
source of nuclear energy:
radioactive isotopes
source of hydrogen & fuel cells:
reaction of hydrogen and oxygen
3 ways to conserve natural resources:
recycling, being efficent, manage resources wisely
What is the difference between renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource?
renewable resources can be replenished over a short amount of time, nonrenewable resources take millions of years to replenish.
positive- clean and renewable; negative- costs a lot
solar energy
What is an example of a renewable resource?
solar power
What are the consequences of global warming?
spread of disease, warmer waters, more hurricanes
source of solar energy:
sun
mixtures of clay and sand combined with water and varying amounts of tar
tar sands
positive- clean; negative- high capital costs
tidal energy
source of tidal power:
tides
source of wind energy:
wind
positive- renewable; negative- noisy
wind energy