Chapter 4: Health

Researchers have found that _____ improves longevity in older adults.

exercise

Which of the following is/are the most common of the chronic conditions associated with the greatest limitation on work?

heart conditions

The United States has one of the _____ rates of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation.

highest

Two of the most important influences on children's health are prevention and:

poverty

Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder is NOT characterized by:

purging behavior

Children need daily exercise because of the development of:

large muscles, especially in the arms and legs.

Chronic disorders are most common in:

late adulthood

What illicit drug is most widely used in the United States?

marijuana

Which of the following is most often the result of osteoporosis?

marked stoop

Regarding lifestyle factors and the risk of Alzheimer disease, which of the following statements are true?

- A healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of Alzheimer disease - Many of the same habits that lead to cardiovascular disease increase risk for Alzheimer disease

What are two common factors in the development of eating problems in infants?

- Conditions of poverty - Neglectful caregivers

Characteristics of Alzheimer disease include which of the following?

- Dense deposits of protein that accumulate in the blood vessels - Twisted fibers that build up in neurons - Deficiency in acetylcholine

Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of arthritis symptoms?

- Exercise - Weight Reduction - Aspirin - Joint Replacement

Which statements are true regarding the benefits of exercise?

- Exercise can improve mental health. - The risk of obesity may be reduced with exercise. - Exercise helps prevent heart disease

Which of the following are social contexts that influence adolescent health?

- Families - Peers - Schools

Many cardiovascular problems in middle age can be reduced by which of the following?

- Improved Diets - Increased Exercise - Decreased rates of smoking

Symptoms of dementia include which of the following?

- Inability to care for oneself - Inability to recognize familiar people - Inability to recognize familiar surroundings

Which of the following are true about the vapor from e-cigarettes?

- Most e-cigarette vapor contains nicotine - The contents of the vapor are not regulated

Which of the following are symptoms of Parkinson disease?

- Muscle Tremors - Slowing of movements - Partial Facial Paralysis

In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults?

- They are more likely to be obese - They have more chronic health problems - They have higher rates of mental disorders

True or false: Mild cognitive impairment is the precursor for Alzheimer disease in all cases.

False; Reason: MCI is a risk for Alzheimer disease, but some individuals with MCI do not go on to develop it.

Alzheimer disease is caused by a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called acetylcholine, which is very important in:

memory

Among American adults in 2016, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity?

middle-aged women

One risk factor for Alzheimer disease is _____, a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias.

mild cognitive impairment

_____ control their eating by restricting it, but most _____ cannot do so.

Anorexics; bulimics

The allele that has proven to be a risk factor for Alzheimer disease is the _____ gene.

ApoE4

Which of the following factors triggers Parkinson disease?

Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

Neurological disorders in which the primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning are classed under the global term:

Dementia

Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?

Males in emerging adulthood

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use?

Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main characteristics of anorexia nervosa?

a pattern of binge-and-purge eating

Each of the following are linked with anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:

a sense of lack of control during eating

Zack experiences inflammation of his joints as well as pain, stiffness, and problems moving his legs. Zack is showing signs of having

arthritis

A comparison of adolescents in 28 countries found that U.S. adolescents _____ than adolescents in most other countries.

ate more junk food

Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks is referred to as:

binge drinking

Individuals with _____ engage in recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food during which they feel a lack of control over eating.

binge eating disorder

The eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern is called:

bulimia nervosa

The leading cause of death in middle-aged adults and adults between the ages of 65 and 74 is

cancer

Illicit drug use among U.S. students _____ in the late 1990s.

declined

Research has shown that, by the time emerging adults have reached their mid-twenties, many have:

decreased their use of alcohol and drugs somewhat.

The number of people with Alzheimer disease _____ every five years after the age of 65

doubles

A recent study found that all of the following were associated with a decrease in deaths from cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT

eliminating alcohol consumption

Which of the following chronic conditions is LEAST likely to limit the everyday activities or work of adults over the age of 65?

epilepsy

A healthy 1-year-old weighs _____ times more than they did at birth.

three

Which of the following is a disorder that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue?

Osteoporosis

In a large longitudinal research study of 10,000 men and women followed over 8 years, participants were divided into low, medium, and high fitness levels. What did the study find?

- Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than two times more likely to die than those in the medium fitness group. - Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than three times more likely to die than those in the high fitness group.

Since the mid-1990s, how have most adolescents perceived smoking?

- as dangerous - with disapproval

Researchers have found that aerobic exercise benefits which of the following in children and adolescents?

- increased bone strength - decreased obesity - lowered blood pressure

It is projected that _____ million baby boomers will develop Alzheimer disease in their lifetime.

10

In 2016, approximately what percentage of U.S. adults were classified as obese?

40%

What is the recommended number of calories per day for each pound an infant weighs?

50

A child who is classified as obese has a BMI in the ______ percentile.

97th

The primary cause of Alzheimer disease is a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called:

Acetylcholine

The most common form of dementia is _____ disease, a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning.

Alzheimer

The determination of whether a child is considered overweight is done through the measurement of:

Body mass index (BMI)

_____ disorders have a slow onset and a long duration.

Chronic

Which of the following statements most closely fits with the trends associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in the United States?

Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and then gradually declined.

One of the best strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in people who are at risk is to:

Improve their cardiac function through diet, drugs, and exercise

Which statement is true regarding chronic disorders?

Men are more likely than women to have fatal chronic disorders such as cancer and coronary heart disease

True or False: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for adults over the age of 75.

True

True or false: Adolescents currently vape far more nicotine than they smoke cigarettes.

True

True or false: Alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood and then declines somewhat by the mid-twenties.

True

Starting in middle adulthood, chronic disorders:

increase

The percentage of overweight 12- to 19-year-old Americans _____ from the early 1990s through 2014.

increased

Physical and psychological gains are more likely to be produced by exercise that is:

moderate and intense

People with binge eating disorder are frequently:

overweight

Which of the following has been linked to health-enhancing behavior and reduced risk taking in adolescence?

parental monitoring