Chapter 4 Nutrition & Wellness

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine.

water and minerals

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain

Risk factors for constipation include

changes to typical daily routine. low fiber intake. anxiety or depression.

The pH of chyme as it enters the duodenum is approximately

2.

Which of the following describes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

An autoimmune disorder

Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine?

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

Which of the following vitamins is produced by the microflora in the large intestine?

Vitamin B-12 Thiamin Vitamin K

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his body

cannot begin starch digestion.

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

hydrochloric acid

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) -

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

The _______ is the middle segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Approximately _______ of individuals experiencing symptoms from COVID-19 report that they cannot smell and/or taste food.

40%

Peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Sphincters

are thickened regions of circular muscle. are important for controlling the flow of the contents through the GI tract. are essential for normal digestion.

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

The ________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.

lower esophageal

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa.