Chapter 4: Printers and Multi-function Devices
Serial data transfer
A method where data is sent, one bit at a time.
Step 5 : Transferring
Move the toner from the drum to the paper
developing roller
The roller inside a toner cartridge that presents a uniform line of toner to help apply the toner to the image written on the EP drum.
paper feed sensor.
The sensors on the paper feed mechanism that detect when the printer has paper or is out of paper.
integrated print server
incorporated into the printer itself
Consequences of wrong paper
jamming failure to feed
Which types of printers are referred to as page printers because they receive their print job instructions one page at a time? (Choose two.) Daisy-wheel Dot-matrix Inkjet Laser Thermal
page printer is a type of computer printer that prints a page at a time. Common types of page printers are the inkjet printer and the laser printer.
printer transformer
takes the 110V AC current and changes it to 12V DC (among others). This transformer can be either internal (incorporated into the body of the printer) or external. Either design can be used in today's inkjets, although the integrated design is preferred because it is simpler and doesn't show the bulky transformer.
Interface
the collection of hardware and software that allows the printer to communicate with a computer.
Caliper
thickness of paper
corona wire
used to generate a field of positive charges on the surface of the drum and the paper
If Windows fails to recognize the device
you can start the process manually by initiating the Add Printer Wizard to troubleshoot the installation and to install the device drivers.
Bonjour (Sharing from an OS)
-Discover apple devices on the LAN -Part of MacOS - Apple -network protocol/configuration
audit log
a list of documents that have been printed
thermal printer
generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper
Step 7 : Cleaning
-Removes the excess toner from the photosensitive drum
User Authentication (Printer Data Privacy)
-User authentication -Everyone can print -you can set rights and permissions -Printing vs managing the printer
Step 6 : Fusing
-Uses heat and pressure to melt the toner to the paper permanently -Reason why the paper is warm the 350° F fuser roller melts the polyester resin of the toner, and the rubberized pressure roller presses it permanently into the paper
separation pad
-helps pick up the top sheet of paper from your paper tray, not multiples sheets -Small and inexpensive, easy to clean or replace
Installing and Sharing Local Printers (7 steps)
1 Choose the proper setup location for the device. 2 Attach the device using a local port (generally USB, but may be something else) and connect the power. 3 Install and update the device driver and calibrate the device. 4 Configure options and settings. 5 Print a test page. 6 Verify compatibility with the operating system and applications. 7 Educate users about basic functionality.
two major varieties of print servers
1 integrated print server 2 separate hardware print server
Installing a TCP/IP Printer in Windows 10 (3 steps)
1. Connect the printer to the network and power it on. 2. Configure the printer with an IP address, if it does not already have one. 3. start the Add Printer wizard.
Electrophotographic Imaging Process (7)
1. Processing 2. Charging 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing 7. Cleaning
Network Printer Security Options (3)
1. User Authentication 2. Secured Prints 3. Audit Logs
Inkjet Printing Steps (1-7)
1. click the Print button 2. Software sends data to printer driver 3. Printer driver converts to printer language and ensures printer is ready. 4. printer driver sends the information to the printer 5. printer stores the received data in its onboard print buffer memory 6. Activates cleaning cycle if needed 7. control circuitry activates the paper feed motor
Laser printer Basic Components (9)
1. toner cartridge 2. laser scanner 3. high-voltage power supply 4. DC power supply, 5. paper transport assembly (including paper-pickup rollers and paper-registration rollers), 6. transfer corona, 7. fusing assembly, 8. printer controller circuitry, 9. ozone filter
Which of the following is fed through an extruder on a 3D printer to create objects? Resin Dye Filament Extrusion powder
3D printers use filament or resin to create objects. Printers that have an extruder use filament, which is often plastic but can contain metals, too. 3D printers do not use dye. There is no extrusion powder.
Inkjet Printing Steps (8-14)
8. print head stepper motor uses the print head belt and carriage to move the print head across the page, little by little 9. motor is moved one small step, and the print head sprays the dots of ink on the paper in the pattern dictated by the control circuitry. 10. process repeats all the way across the page. 11. At the end of a pass across the page, the paper feed stepper motor advances the page a small amount. Then the print head repeats step 8 12. print head returns to the beginning of the line and prints again in the same direction or it moves backward across the page so that printing occurs in both directions. This process continues until the page is finished. 13. feed stepper motor is actuated and ejects the page from the printer into the output tray 14. print head is parked (locked into rest position) and the print process is finished.
pickup roller
A part in a printer that pushes forward a sheet of paper from the paper tray.
Print Buffer
A small amount of memory located on the printer and used to hold print jobs.
AirPrint
A technology by Apple that allows Apple computers and mobile devices to print to an AirPrint-capable printer without first installing the printer.
Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)
A tray (usually on top) of a scanner or multifunction device that holds a document and enables the device to grab and scan each page automatically for easier scanning, copying, or faxing of long documents.
Dot-Matrix Printer
A type of impact printer that uses small pins to strike an inked ribbon to produce tiny dots on the paper.
Inkjet Printer
A type of printer that uses a nonimpact process. Ink is squirted from nozzles as they pass over the media.
ozone filter
A ventilation component that removes the ozone that is generated inside printers during the printing process.
stepper motor
A very precise motor that can move in very small increments. Often used in printers.
What is typically included in the EP laser printer toner cartridge? (Choose three.) Toner Print drum Laser Cleaning blade
A, B, D. An electrophotographic (EP) laser printer toner cartridge includes the toner, print drum, and cleaning blade. The laser is usually contained within the printer, not within the toner cartridge.
Which of the following are possible interfaces for printers? (Choose three.) Parallel SATA USB Network
A, C, D. Printers can communicate via parallel, serial, USB, wireless, and network connections. SATA is a bus interface that connects host bus adapters to storage devices such as hard drives and optical drives.
Step 4 : Developing
Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum
What happens during the developing stage of laser printing? An electrostatic charge is applied to the drum to attract toner particles. Heat is applied to the paper to melt the toner. The laser creates an image of the page on the drum. An electrostatic charge is applied to the paper to attract toner particles
After a laser has created an image of the page, the developing roller uses a magnet and electrostatic charges to attract toner to itself and then transfers the toner to the areas on the drum that have been exposed to the laser. The toner is melted during the fusing stage. The laser creates an image of the page on the drum in the exposing stage. An electrostatic charge is applied to the paper to attract toner in the transferring stage, which happens immediately after the developing stage.
high-voltage power supply (HVPS)
Any power supply that provides high voltage, such as those in laser printers and CRTs. (3)
Recently, employees have been printing off unauthorized materials that may contain hate speech. Which of the following can be used to see which users printed specific jobs? Audit logs Badging User authentication Secured prints
Audit logs will track print jobs and the users who printed them. User authentication is where a user is required to log into the printer. This can be done via badging—or swiping an employee badge on a badge reader on the printer—or by manually entering credentials. Secured prints is when a print job is held until a user authenticates at the printer and tells it to start printing.
Which voltage is applied to the paper to transfer the toner to the paper in an EP process laser printer? +600VDC -600VDC +6000VDC -6000VDC
Because the toner on the drum has a slight negative charge (-100VDC), it requires a positive charge to transfer it to the paper; +600VDC is the voltage used in an EP process laser printer
TCP printing
Connecting to a shared printer using the TCP protocol. By default it uses the RAW protocol format and port 9100.
Raster Image Processor (RIP)
Converts fonts and graphics into raster images, which are used by the printer to draw onto the page.
PostScript
Developed by Adobe, it was first used in the Apple LaserWriter printer. It made printing graphics fast and simple. Here's how PostScript works. The PostScript printer driver describes the page in terms of "draw" and "position" commands. The page is divided into a very fine grid (as fine as the resolution of the printer). When you want to print a square, a communication like the following takes place:
Which step in the laser printer printing process occurs immediately after the exposing phase? Charging Fusing Transferring Developing
Developing happens after exposing. The correct order is processing, charging, exposing, developing, transferring, fusing, and cleaning.
You have a finance manager who needs to print contracts in triplicate. Which type of printers are best for printing on multipart forms? Inkjet printers Laser printers Thermal printers Dot-matrix printers
Dot-matrix printers are impact printers and therefore are the best for multipart forms. Daisy-wheel printers can be used with multipart forms as well.
Describe typical alignment process
During software installation, the installation wizard asks you if you would like to calibrate now, to which you will respond Yes or OK. The printer prints out a sheet with multiple sets of numbered lines. Each set of lines represents an alignment instance. The software will ask you which set(s) looks the best. Enter the number and click OK or Continue. Some alignment routines end at this point. Others will reprint the alignment page and see if the alignment "took." If not, you can reenter the number of the one that looks the best. Click Finish to end the alignment routine.
laser printer
Electrostatic printer that focuses a laser beam to form images that are transferred to paper electrostatically
parallel data transfer
Faster than serial data transfer. Parallel data transfer moves multiple bits of information in a single cycle.
secured print
Feature that holds print jobs until the user authenticates directly with the print device using a PIN or smart badge.
Which of the following most accurately describes how to obtain a firmware upgrade for your laser printer? Download the firmware upgrade for free from the manufacturer's website. Pay to download the firmware upgrade from the manufacturer's website. Have a certified laser printer technician come to your site and install a new firmware chip. Contact the manufacturer of the printer, and they will send you the firmware upgrade on a DVD.
Firmware upgrades for laser printers are downloaded for free from the manufacturer's website. A technician does not need to install a new chip, because firmware is upgraded via software. It's unlikely that the manufacturer will send you the upgrade on a DVD; it will refer you to its website to download it.
Parts of a 3D Printer (6)
Frame Printing plate or print bed Extruder Cooling fan PCB circuit board Filament
You have just installed a new printer, but it prints only garbled text. Which of the following is likely the problem? Wrong IP address Worn print head Incorrect printer drivers Unsupported printer
If a printer is using out-of-date or incorrect printer drivers, the printer may produce pages of garbled text. The solution is to ensure that the most recent printer drivers are downloaded from the manufacturer's website.
Impact Printer
Impact printers, as their name suggests, use some form of impact and an inked printer ribbon to make an imprint on the paper. Impact printers also use a paper feed mechanism called a tractor feed that requires special paper. Perhaps you've seen it before—it's continuous-feed paper with holes running down both edges.
Which device in an inkjet printer contains the print head? Toner cartridge Ink cartridge Daisy wheel Paper tray
In an inkjet printer, the ink cartridge is the actual print head. This is where the ink is expelled to form letters or graphics. Toner cartridges are used by laser printers to store toner. A daisy wheel is the device that impacts the letters on the paper in a daisy-wheel printer. Paper trays are the storage bins in laser printers and inkjet printers that allow the pickup rollers to feed the paper into the printer.
three most common printer languages
PostScript (PS), Printer Control Language (PCL), and Graphics Device Interface (GDI)
Parts of a Typical Inkjet Printer (4)
Print head/ink cartridge Head carriage, belt, and stepper motor Paper feed mechanism Control, interface, and power circuitry
Three different ways to send or save scanned materials
Scan to Email Scan to Folder Scan to Cloud
Laser Scanning Assembly
Shines on particular areas of the photosensitive print drum. The drum can hold an electrical charge if it is not exposed to light. When the laser shines on the drum it discharges but only in the areas where the drum has been exposed to the laser
802.11
The IEEE standard for wireless networking.
Step 3 : Exposing
The LASER SCANS or PAINTS the image to the drum. Anywhere the laser touches the drum causes the electrical charge to DRAIN OFF.
printer control circuits
The circuits that run a printers stepper motors loads paper and so on. Monitors the health of the printer and reports that information back to the computer.
Which printer contains a wheel that looks like a flower with raised letters and symbols on each "petal"? Inkjet printer Daisy-wheel printer Dot-matrix printer Laser printer
The daisy-wheel printer gets its name because it contains a wheel with raised letters and symbols on each "petal."
Which step in the EP imaging process uses a laser to discharge selected areas of the photosensitive drum, thus forming an image on the drum? Exposing Transferring Developing Cleaning
The exposing step uses a laser to discharge selected areas of the photosensitive drum, thus forming an image on the drum.
Daisy-Wheel Printer
The first type of impact printer. These impact printers contain a wheel (called the daisy wheel because it looks like a daisy) with raised letters and symbols on each "petal". The print head rotates the daisy wheel until the required character is in place. An electromechanical hammer (called a solenoid) then strikes the back of the petal containing the character. The character pushes up against an inked ribbon that ultimately strikes the paper, making the impression of the requested character. Daisy-wheel printers were among the first types of impact printer developed.
frame
The frame holds the printer together
Which laser printer component permanently presses the toner into the paper? Transfer corona Fuser assembly Printer controller circuitry Paper transport assembly
The fuser assembly presses and melts the toner into the paper. The transfer corona transfers the toner from the drum to the paper. The printer controller circuitry converts signals from the PC into signals for the various printer assemblies. The paper transport assembly controls the movement of the paper through the printer.
DC Power Supply
The high voltages used in the EP process can't power the other components in the printer (the logic circuitry and motors). These components require low voltages, between +5VDC and +24VDC. The DC power supply (DCPS) converts house current into three voltages: +5VDC and -5VDC for the logic circuitry and +24VDC for the paper transport motors. This component also runs the fan that cools the internal components of the printer.
What part of a laser printer supplies the voltages for charging and transferring corona assemblies? High-voltage power supply (HVPS) DC power supply (DCPS) Controller circuitry Transfer corona
The high-voltage power supply (HVPS) is the part of the laser printer that supplies the voltages for charging and transferring corona assemblies.
printer Interface Circuitry
The interface circuitry converts the signals from the interface into the data stream that the printer uses.
print head
The part in an inkjet or impact printer that moves across the paper, creating one line of the image with each pass.
Paper transport assembly
The part of a printer responsible for moving the paper through the printer, starting with the paper feed mechanism. It consists of a motor and several rubberized rollers that each perform a different function. See also paper feed mechanism.
Transfer Corona Assembly
The part of an EP process printer that is responsible for transferring the developed image from the EP drum to the paper.
Paper feed mechanism
The portion of the printer that picks up paper from the paper drawer and feeds it into the printer.
EP Processing
The processing step consists of two parts: receiving the image and creating the image. The computer sends the print job to the printer, which receives it via its print interface (USB, wireless, etc.). Then, the printer needs to create the print job in such a way that it can accurately produce the output.
Which of the following is not an advantage of a Universal Serial Bus (USB) printer interface? It has a higher transfer rate than a serial connection. It has a higher transfer rate than a parallel connection. It automatically recognizes new devices. It allows the printer to communicate with networks, servers, and workstations.
The rate of transfer and the ability to recognize new devices automatically are two of the major advantages that currently make USB the most popular type of printer interface. However, it is the network printer interface that allows the printer to communicate with networks, servers, and workstations.
Which printer part gets the toner from the photosensitive drum onto the paper? Laser-scanning assembly Fusing assembly Corona assembly Drum
The transfer corona assembly gets the toner from the photosensitive drum onto the paper. For some printers, this is a transfer corona wire; for other printers, it is a transfer corona roller.
paper tray
The tray that holds paper until it is fed into a printer.
Basis Weight
The weight, in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to its basic size.
head carriage, belt, and stepper motor
These parts move the print head in a printer
Printer Controller Circuitry
This large circuit board converts signals from the computer into signals for the various assemblies in the laser printer using a process known as rasterizing. usually mounted under the printer
Fusing Assembly
To make the toner stick permanently the printed pages goes through 2 rollers that apply pressure and heat to fuse (melt) the plastic toner particles to the paper
EP toner cartridge
Toner is a black carbon substance mixed with polyester resins to make it flow better and iron oxide particles to make it sensitive to electrical charges. These two components make the toner capable of being attracted to the photosensitive drum and of melting into the paper. In addition to these components, toner contains a medium called the developer (also called the carrier), which carries the toner until it is used by the EP process.
EP Charging
a special wire or roller (called a charging corona) within the EP toner cartridge (above the photo-sensitive drum) gets high voltage from the HVPS. It uses this high voltage to apply a strong, uniform negative charge (around -600VDC) to the surface of the photosensitive drum.
EXERCISE 4.2: Installing a USB Printer in Windows 10
Turn on the computer. Plug the printer into the wall outlet and turn it on. Access the driver file to begin the installation process. You can do this in one of two ways, as follows: Insert the DVD (or CD) into the computer's optical drive. The driver disc's autorun feature should automatically start the installation program. If not, click Start and type computer. Click the Computer Desktop App under Best Match. Find the optical drive, and double-click the setup.exe or install.exe file on the disc. Double-click the setup.exe or install.exe program on the thumb drive or from the location to which you downloaded it. Follow the prompts in the installation program to install the driver. Once the software has been installed, plug one end of the USB cable into the printer and the other end into the free USB port. Some installation programs will prompt you for this step. Windows will automatically detect the new printer, install the driver, and configure it. Windows will display a balloon in the lower-right corner of the screen that says, "Your hardware is now installed and is ready to use." If Windows doesn't properly detect the printer, open the Add Printer Wizard to begin the installation process again, and manually specify the location of the printer driver (such as the disc or thumb drive). Print a test page to see if the printer can communicate and print properly.
The network administrator has set up security on office MFDs that requires users to authenticate before printing. Which of the following are valid methods for users to authenticate to the MFD? (Choose two.) Use an authentication log. Enable secured print. Type their username and password on the MFD's touchscreen. Use SMB. Use their company ID for badging. Answer
Two ways for users to authenticate are to use user authentication (which requires typing in the username and password) or badging, which requires the MFD to have a badge-scanning feature. Secured print will save print jobs until they are ready to be released. SMB is a file- and print-sharing protocol used by MFDs to send scanned documents to a shared network folder. There are no printer authentication logs, but audit logs may be used to see who has used the MFD.
filament
Type More than a dozen different types of plastic filament are available. The most popular are polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Each has different characteristics—for example, ABS shrinks as it cools, so a heated printing plate is recommended. Size The most common size is 1.75 mm, but 3.0 mm filament (which is actually 2.85 mm thick) was the original size and is still used today. Color The printer doesn't really care what color you use, but a variety of colors are available.
Know the three most common ways to connect a printer
USB, Ethernet, and wireless
duplexing assembly
Used in a duplex printer, a duplexing assembly contains several rollers, turns the paper around, and draws it back through the print process to print on the back of the paper.
composition
What the paper is made of, ie, wood pulp or cotton
There are a few other ways that you can add shared networked printers:
by using TCP, Bonjour, or AirPrint.
page description language
code that describes the appearance of a document in a language that the printer can process
power circuits
convert 110V (in the United States) or 220V (in most of the rest of the world) from a standard wall outlet into the voltages that the inkjet printer uses, usually 12V and 5V, and distribute those voltages to the other printer circuits and devices that need it. This is accomplished through the use of a transformer
Rasterizing
converting a vector image into pixels so more special effects/filters can be applied