Chapter 4 questions

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

the result of the Dear Aunt Jane experiment

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

their child first name

the stroop effect occurs when participants

try to name colors and ignore words

which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

dictionary unit

Dichotic listening occurs when

different messages are presented to the left and right ears

the distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as

divided attention

which theorist is responsible for proposing the idea of a filter model of attention

donald broadbent

when a person is shadowing a message, he or she is

saying the message out loud

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention.

selective

in the filter model of attention, the stages of information processing occur in which order?

sensory store, filter, detector, short-term memory

in a dichotic listening experiment, ____ refers to the procedure that is used to force participants to pay attention to a specific message in on ear among competing messages in the other ear

shadowing

automatic processing occurs when

tasks are well-practiced

the cocktail party effect is

the ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

the color and the name differed

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component?

the dictionary unit

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information

which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

dichotic listening

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely by identified by the filter?

a message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word.

ambiguous sentences; unaware

During a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected dots of color, texture, and location is because of a process called _______.

binding

___ is the process by which features such as color, form, motion and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object

binding

illusory conjunctions are

combinations of features from different stimuli

colin cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people

could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time

Results of precueing experiments show that participants respond more rapidly to a stimulus that appeared at the ____ location.

cued

The Stroop effect demonstrates

how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing

a high threshold in treisman's model of attention implies that

it takes a strong signal to cause activation

suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roomate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

late selection

If you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would be an example of a(n) ________ task.

low -load

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of

meaning

the main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for

meaning

the stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the __ of words

meaning

in schneider and shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames" divided attention was easier

once processing had become automatic

the use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eye can help reveal the shifting of one's __ attention

overt

in simons and chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

participants were counting the number of ball passes

Posner and coworkers (1978) deduced which of the following from their research?

people move their attention from one place to another

the "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

physical characteristics

accordind to treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the

preattentive stage