Chapter 4 Study Guide (From Quiz)

If the temperature of an object changes by 5 degrees C then it also changes by: A. 5 degrees K (kelvin) B. 5 Newtons C. 5 degrees Fahrenheit D. 278 degrees K

A

Heat will only flow spontaneously from: A. hot to cold B. cold to hot C. hot to hotter D. cold to cold

A

Temperature is a measure of: A. the average kinetic energy of the atoms within a substance B. the average potential energy of the atoms within a substance C. how fast heat is moving in a substance D. how much energy a substance contains E. the amount of heat in a substance

A

A car converts energy and therefore represents a system. If gasoline is the material input, was is the material output? A. work of getting the driver somewhere B. CO2 emissions to the atmosphere C. heat in the engine cylinders D. heat on the road from the tires E. force of the car's inertia

B

Another way of stating the Second Law of Thermodynamics is which of the following? A. In order to increase the entropy of a system, work must be done on it by an external agent. B. In order to decrease the entropy of a system, work much be done on it by an external agent. C. The entropy of any system remains constant or increases. D. It is impossible to decrease the entropy of a system.

B

As energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, A. the amount of energy lost is replaced by the sun B. some energy is always lost in the form of heat C. energy is converted into mechanical energy D. all the energy is converted to chemical energy

B

Entropy is the measure of a system's: A. temperature B. disorder C. convection D. heat capacity E. conduction

B

Freezing ice from liquid water is an example of going to a lower state of: A. insulation B. entropy C. work D. force E. power

B

The measure of the ability of a material to absorb heat is referred to as its A. specific conduction ability B. specific heat capacity C. specific convection ability D. specific radiation ability

B

You add heat to a solid and cause it to melt. The resulting configuration is: A. equally disordered and at higher entropy. B. more disordered and at higher entropy. C. equally disordered and at lower entropy. D. less disordered and at lower entropy.

B

Absolute zero is defined as the temperature at which: A. All of the liquid has frozen B. the freezing point of water, molecule crystallize C. molecular and atomic vibration is zero; all heat extracted D. lowest temperature ever observed with normal devices

C

In science, heat is commonly measured in what unit? A. Degrees B. Watts C. Calories D. Specific heat capacity E. Newtons

C

The heat island effect in cities creates convection cells: A. from cool concrete, which conducts heat from the Earth B. which results in less rain falling in cities than in the surrounding areas C. by drawing in cool moist air from the suburbs D. which do not affect the weather in any way that can be measured E. which are usually too small to affect temperature

C

The transfer of heat by density - driven motion of gases or fluids is referred to as A. thermal movement B. radiation C. convection D. conduction

C

Through which material will heat be conducted the best? A. wool B. water C. steel D. fat E. fur

C

Twenty calories of heat energy will raise the temperature of 5 grams of water A. 20 degrees C B. 100 degrees C C. 4 degrees C D. 5 degrees C

C

Which has a greater amount of entropy? A. Air at 0 degrees C B. Air at 20 degrees C C. Air at 40 degrees C D. Air at -20 degrees C

C

Which substance has the lowest specific heat capacity? A. steam B. rock or tile C. copper D. ice E. water

C

A calorie is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree A. Kelvin B. Fahrenheit C. English D. Celsius

D

A system that moves toward a higher state of order also moves toward a lower state of: A. efficiency B. convection C. insulation D. entropy E. power

D

Energy can be transferred through a vacuum by: A. both convection and radiation B. convection only C. conduction only D. radiation only E. both conduction and convection

D

In the Kelvin scale, water boils at A. 32 degrees B. 100 degrees C. 212 degrees D. 373 degrees

D

The transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves is called A. convection B. chemical energy C. conduction D. radiation

D

Water freezes at 0 degrees in the _______ temperature scale. A. Fahrenheit B. Kelvin C. English D. Celsius

D

What is the only way heat can be transferred within a solid piece of metal? A. force B. radiation C. work D. conduction E. convection

D

Which of the following is the definition of a calorie? A. The amount of heat required to melt 1 g of ice that is initially 30 degrees F. B. The amount of heat required to boil 1 g of water that is initially at 99 degrees C. C. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 10 g of water initially at room temperature by 100 degrees C. D. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water initially at room temperature by 1 degree C.

D

Which statement best represents the second law of thermodynamics? A. Scientists have constructed an engine that does nothing but convert heat to useful work. B. The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. C. Heat will not flow spontaneously from a hot to a cold body. D. Every isolated system becomes more disordered with time. E. Energy may change from one form to another over and over again.

D

A term that compares how vigorous atoms are moving in a substance is: A. heat B. emulsion C. kinetics D. potential energy E. temperature

E

Daniel Fahrenheit invented temperature scale for which 0 represented: A. the melting point of ice B. the temperature of dry ice (solid CO2) C. the freezing point of water D. the coldest day in Amsterdam E. the coldest temperature he could obtain for salt water

E

Radiation is heat transfer by: A. kinetic energy of molecules B. stopping atomic motion C. convection D. conduction E. electromagnetic waves of radiation

E

Sunlight hitting dark roof tiles would and heating up a house would be an example of __________. A. insulation B. conduction C. convection D. work E. radiation

E

The standard used to calibrate Celsius thermometers is: A. liquid CO2 (dry ice) B. pure mercury C. pure ethanol D. absolute zero E. pure water

E

Which of these represents the coldest temperature? A. -100 degrees Celsius B. 0 degree Celsius C. 0 degrees Fahrenheit D. Freezing point of CO2 (dry ice) E. 0 degrees Kelvin

E