Chapter 4 Study Guide
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?
Sacroma
Exocrine gland
gland with ducts. ducts to carry secretion
The secretion of __ glands are released directly into the blood stream
Endocrine
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with _____ tissue
Connective
Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for ______ tissue.
Connective tissue
What type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body?
Dendrite
Which tissue type forms glands?
Epithelial
___ tissue forms linings or coverings
Epithelial
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
fibroblast
Intercalated disks
in the heart, the gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells are found in specialized cell-to-cell connections called, contain both gap junctions and desmosomes that help hold adjacent cells in close contact
What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?
mast cells
The extracellular material of a tissue is called the
matrix
What kind of cells form bone?
Osteoblasts
Cells that maintain bone are called
Osteocytes
Name the five manifestations of inflammation; explain how each is produced and the benefits of each
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What is the function of the inflammatory response?
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Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n
Tissue
Lining of urinary bladder. Function accommadates fluctuation in the volume of fluid in an organ or tube
Transitional Epithelium
allows diffusion or acts as a filter
Squamous
What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?
Adipocytes
List the general characteristics of epithelial tissue
1. Mostly composed of cells 2. Covers body surface 3.Distinct tissue surface 4. Cell and matrix connect 5.Nonvascular 6. Regeneration
List the major functions of epithelial tissue
1. Protecting underlying disease 2. Acting as a barrier 3.Permitting the passage of substance 4. Secreting substances 5. Absorbing substance
What type of process conducts nerve impulses the cell body?
Axon
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue?
Carinoma
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What type of cells form cartilage?
Chondroblast
list five types of cell connections
Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, adhesion belt, gap junction
____________ tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions.
Epithelial tissue
The four primary tissue types are
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
Endocrine gland
Gland without ducts. Secrete hormones t o blood
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
Where is transitional epithelium found?
Line the urinary bladder, ureters, pelvis of the kidney and superior part of the urethra
What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?
Macrophages
The extracellular material found in tissues is called
Matrix
What type of membranes line cavities that open to the outside and often contain mucous glands?
Mucous
A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called
Mucus
___ tissue is characterized by it's contractility
Muscle
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ____
Muscle tissue
What are the functions of glia?
Nourish, protect, and insulate neurons.
A(n) ______ is any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it.
Organ
What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?
Pseudostratified
Lining of tranchea, bronchi of the lungs, lining nasal cavity. Function synthesize and secret mucus onto the free surface
Pseudostratified Columnar
Explain the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow
Red bone marrow is hemopoetic tissue(easy to damage) surrounded by a framework of reticular fibers ( SPONGY) Yellow bone marrow consist of adipose tissue and does not produce blood cells
In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed
Regeneration
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue
Regeneration and replacement
Bone has a ____ blood supply, the organic portion consists of protein fibers, primarily ___ , and other organic molecules. The mineral, or inorganic, portion consists of specialized crystals called hydroxyapatite, which contains calcium and phosphate. The strength and rigidity of the mineralized matrix allow bones to support and protect other tissues and organs
Rich; collagen
What is formed from granulation tissue?
Scar
The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane.
Serous
What type of membranes do not open to the exterior, do not contain glands, but do secrete fluid?
Serous
allows diffusion of gasees, filtration of blood, secretion, absorption
Simple
lining of stomach and intestines. Movement of particles out of bronchioles by cilated cells
Simple Columnar Epithelium
The lining of blood and lymph vessels, air sacs of lungs and the peritoneum is what type of epithelium? Functions: diffusion, filtration, some protect friction, secretion, absorption
Simple Squamos Epithelium
The lining of kidney tubes, glands and their ducts. Secretion absorption of the kidney
Simple cuboidal Epithelium
What type of muscle is found attached to bones?
Skeletal muscle
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is
Smooth
protection, particulary against abrasion
Stratified
Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?
Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.
Synovial
Compare the structure of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells.
Table 4.14
What is the characteristic function of nervous tissue?
The ability to conduct electrical signals called action potentials
Pus
a fluid product of inflammation; contains white blood cells, the debris of dead cells, and tissue elements liquefied by enzymes
Replacement
a new type of tissue develops, which eventually produces a scat and causes the loss of some tissue function
What is the function of the basement membrane?
adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
Tissue
are collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them.
Adenocarcinomas
are types of carcinomas derived from glandular epithelium. Most breast cancers are adenocarcinomas.
A tissue that has a fluid matrix is
blood and lymph
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries?
dense irregular elastic tissue
What type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?
dense regular collagenous tissue
list the major functions of connective tissue
enclose organs as a capsule seperate organs, connect tissues to one anotherm support and movement, storage fat
Edema
excessive accumulation of fluid within or around cells, usually causing swelling
A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called
granulation tissue
Cartliage__ slowly after an injury because it has few, if any, blood vessels.
heals
Blood cells are produced in the __ tissue found in red bone marrow
hemopoietic
Autopsy
is a postmortem examination of the organs to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease.
Basement membrane
is a specialized type of extracellular material secreted by epithelial and connective tissue cells. The basement membrane helps attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissues
Histology
is the microscopic study of tissues
Biopsy
is the process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes.
Tissue repair
is the substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or replacement
A thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a
membrane
The support and protection of neurons rests with
neuroglia
What type of cells break down bone tissue?
osteoclast
All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of ___ epithelium
pseudostratified
The characteristic of age-related changes at the tissue level. ____flexibility and elasticity of connective tissue, arterial walls become less elastic, rate of red blood cell synthesis ___, development of atherosclerosis
reduced; declines
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of __muscle.
smooth
What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types
stem cells
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?
stratified squamous epithelium
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as
striated involuntary.
Regeneration
the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium