Chapter 4 Test Questions

Britain and France supported the independence movement of which nation?

Belgium

What nation successfully gained independence in 1831 following the spread of revolutionary ideas in 1830?

Belgium In 1830, news of the Paris uprising ignited a revolutionary spark in Belgium, and the Belgians were eventually granted independence in 1831.

Which two nations were united in 1815?

Austrian Netherlands and the Kingdom of Holland In 1815, the Congress of Vienna had united the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) and the Kingdom of Holland under the Dutch king.

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the rule of Napoleon III?

He supported the constitution created by the National Assembly that gave the vote to all adult men. The constitution created by the National Assembly for the Second Republic, which gave the vote to all adult men, occurred prior to the election of Napoleon III.

Uprisings by nationalists in the Italian states sought to end __________ domination and set up a constitutional

Hapsburg Uprisings by nationalists in the Italian states sought to end Hapsburg domination and set up a constitutional government.

Which of the following events was NOT part of Simon Bolívar's revolutionary campaigns in Latin America?

crossing the Andes from Argentina to invade Chile being forced to exiled haiti twice José de San Martín, not Simon Bolívar, crossed the Andes from Argentina and successfully defeated Spanish forces in Chile.

Universal manhood suffrage refers to

giving all adult men the right to vote. By the late 1800's liberals began to support the principle of universal manhood suffrage, in which all adult men would have the right to vote.

Conservatives and liberals represented different

ideologies. Ideologies are systems of thought and belief, which conservatives and liberals fought over in Europe in the early to mid 1800's.

Bourgeois liberals and peasants both reacted violently, attacking protesting workers, during the __________ of 1848.

"June Days" Bourgeois liberals and peasants both reacted violently, attacking protesting workers, during the "June Days" of 1848.

At least 1,500 people were killed in 1848 during which period of revolt in France?

"June Days" During June 1848, furious workers took to the streets of Paris, and at least 1,500 people were killed before the government crushed the rebellion.

When did Haiti gain independence?

1804

When did Argentina gain independence?

1816

When did Chile gain independence?

1818

When did Mexico gain independence?

1821

When did Brazil gain their independence?

1822

When did Peru gain independence?

1824

Who, backed by creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans, overthrew the Spanish viceroy in Mexico in 1821?

Agustín de Iturbide Agustín de Iturbide, backed by creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans, overthrew the Spanish viceroy in Mexico in 1821, whereupon he adopted the title Emperor Agustín I.

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of nationalism?

Britain, France, and Russia helped Greece become independent of the Ottoman Empire. Nationalism is to have excessive pride in one's nation. While the British, French and Russians helped Greece win independence from the Ottomans, nationalism was not a factor as it was in the other choices.

Who inherited the throne of France upon the death of his brother in 1824?

Charles X Charles X inherited the throne of France upon the death of his brother, Louis XVIII, in 1824.

Latin Americans that were descendents of Europeans were second-class citizens known as

Creoles. Creoles, although directly descended from Europeans, were considered to be second-class citizens since they weren't born in Europe. The Creoles, who owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines bitterly resented this status.

Who declared Brazil's independence from Portugal, based on advice given to him by his father?

Dom Pedro Following the advice of his father, the king of Portugal, Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent and crowned himself emperor.

Which Mexican priest began the call for Mexican independence?

Father Miguel Hidalgo In 1810, a creole priest in Mexico, Father Miguel Hidalgo, raised his voice for freedom. His name became the symbol of Mexican independence.

Who helped Argentina win independence from Spain before joining Simón Bolívar in a joint effort to end Spanish rule in South America?

José de San Martín José de San Martín helped Argentina win independence from Spain before joining Simón Bolívar in a joint effort to end Spanish rule in South America.

What is the name of the Serbian leader that galvanized his people in an ultimately unsuccessful war against the Ottomans from 1804-1813?

Karageorge Karageorge was the Serbian leader that galvanized his people in an ultimately unsuccessful war against the Ottomans from 1804-1813.

Which of the following events refers to the "February Days' of 1848?

Liberal, radical, and socialist leaders proclaimed the Second Republic. During the "February Days' of 1848, Louis Philippe abdicated the throne, allowing a group of liberal, radical, and socialist leaders to proclaim the Second Republic.

Which political group strongly supported laissez-faire economics?

Liberals

The difference between the liberal and conservative philosophies in early 19th century Europe is best explained by which of the following?

Liberals supported a republican form of government, while the conservatives supported the monarchy. Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers, while conservatives supported the monarchy.

Which of the following men was known as the "citizen king'?

Louis Philippe in 1830, Louis Philippe was installed as king of France by moderate liberals after Charles X was forced to abdicate his throne. Louis Philippe became known as the "citizen king' because he owed his throne to the people.

Which of the following best describes Prince Clemens von Metternich's response to the struggle to establish natural rights and constitutional governments throughout Europe?

Metternich urged monarchs to crush rebellions in their countries and to help crush rebellions in neighboring lands. Metternich urged monarchs to oppose freedom of the press, crush protests in their own countries, and send troops to douse the flames of rebellion in neighboring lands.

People of Native American and European descent were known as

Meztizos. Over the hundreds of years of European settlement in Latin America, Native Americans and Europeans increasingly mixed, resulting in the birth of large numbers of mestizos.

People of African and European descent were known as

Mulattoes. As the slave trade grew in Latin America, mixing among people of European and African ancestry led to the birth of large numbers of mulattoes.

What was the spark that ignited widespread rebellion in Latin America?

Napoleon's successful ouster of the Spanish king in 1808. When Napoleon conquered Spain, Latin American leaders saw Spain's weakness as an opportunity to exploit.

__________, the highest social class in Latin American, were Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.

Peninsulares

What is the name of the leader of the Austrian empire that was forced to resign and flee the nation?

Prince Clemens von Metternich Prince Clemens von Metternich, the leader of the Austrian empire, was forced to resign and flee the nation

What similarity existed between the Italian and German revolts of 1848?

Reform movements and strong nationalist sentiments existed in both nations. Nationalism and the yearning for political reforms led to revolts in both Italy and Germany in 1848.

Which religion was dominant in Austria and Southern Europe?

Roman Catholicism Roman Catholics dominated Austria and Southern Europe.

Which nation, due to their shared Slavic heritage, helped the Serbs to eventually win autonomy?

Russia. Russia, due to their shared Slavic heritage, helped the Serbs to eventually win autonomy by 1830.

In the 1820's, the French army marched over the Pyrenees to suppress a revolt in which nation?

Spain In the 1820's, the French army marched over the Pyrenees to suppress a revolt in Spain

Which event included in the selections below was caused by the other three remaining events provided?

The independent Republic of Mexico was established in 1821. Agustín de Iturbide feared that liberal reforms would be forced on Mexicans after a new Spanish constitution was adopted in 1820. In response, Iturbide gathered an army of Creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans and overthrew the Spanish viceroy, whereupon he took the title Agustín I. However, liberal Mexicans overthrew him in 1821 in order to prevent the establishment of a monarchy and to create the independent Republic of Mexico

Who led a successful slave revolt against the French in Haiti, eventually leading to Haiti's independence in 1804?

Toussaint L'Ouverture Toussaint L'Ouverture began a slave revolt in Haiti in 1791, succeeding in abolishing control of most of the island and abolishing slavery by 1798. Although eventually caught and imprisoned by the French, L'Ouverture's leadership helped Haiti to declare their independence from France in 1804.

Which of the following is NOT a provision of the constitution created by the National Assembly for the Second Republic?

a federal bill of rights. The constitution created by the National Assembly for the Second Republic allowed for a strong president, a one-house legislature, and universal manhood suffrage. It did not create a federal bill of rights.

By the mid-1800's, social reformers were considered to be __________ because they urged workers to support socialism or other ways to reorganize property ownership.

agitators An agitator is someone who attempts to arouse feeling for or against something, especially a political cause.

The Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires each contained diverse groups of inhabitants, and many of these groups had their own feelings of identity. These groups that shared a common heritage began to have feelings of

nationalism. Nationalism, or pride in or devotion to one's country, was an inevitable result of the Russian, Austrian, and Ottoman conquest of neighboring territories.

A recession is best described as a(n)

period of reduced economic activity. A recession is a period of reduced economic activity in which unemployment and prices increase.

Napoleon III used a __________ to win public approval for his seizure of power.

plebiscite Napoleon III used a plebiscite to win public approval for his seizure of power.

Those that favor extreme change are called

radicals.

People fighting for their autonomy are hoping to attain

self-rule. Autonomy means self-rule. Examples of people that successfully fought for their autonomy include the Greeks and Serbs, both against the Ottomans.

In France in the 1840's, utopian __________ called for an end to private ownership of property.

socialists In France in the 1840's, utopian socialists called for an end to private ownership of property.

Which event from the following list eventually led to the other three events listed?

the French Revolution of 1848 the French Revolution of 1848 unleashed a tidal wave of revolution across Europe, including Hungarian and Czech revolts against Austrian rule. In addition, the granting of universal manhood suffrage after the revolution allowed for the election of Louis Napoleon as president.

Serbia and Greece both successfully fought which nation for their independence?

the Ottoman Empire Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830, as did Serbia shortly thereafter.

The middle class were referred to as __________ during the 18th and 19th centuries.

the bourgeoisie The middle class were referred to as the bourgeoisie during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Adam Smith believed that

the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity.

During the "February Days" of 1848

the government took steps to silence critics and prevent public meetings. During the "February Days" of 1948 the government took steps to silence critics and prevent public meetings, causing angry crowds to take to the streets.

Hungarian nationalists, led by journalist Louis Kossuth, demanded each of the following EXCEPT..

the installation of a Hungarian monarch. Louis Kossuth and other Hungarian nationalists wanted an independent government, an end to serfdom, and a written constitution, but they were against the continued rule of the monarchy.

What did Father José Hidalgo urge his followers to due in his speech known as "el Grito de Dolores"?

to fight for Mexican independence Father José Hidalgo urged his followers to fight for Mexican independence in his speech known as "el Grito de Dolores."

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe one of the goals of Father José Moralos?

to join forces with the Spanish against the Mexican rebels Father José Moralos sought to to improve conditions for the majority of Mexicans, abolish slavery, and give the vote to all men. One of his goals was NOT to join forces with the Spanish against the Mexican rebels.