chapter 4 Which of the following statements best describes the boundary between the two tectonic plates: the Relative motion of the North American & the Pacific Plate
la nina
increased phytoplankton
Based on the diagram, which of the following days in Earth's yearly orbit would have the longest period of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere?
june solstice
Based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?
most clay one
between stratopause and tropopause
ozone in strat
during a la nina
Increased upwelling off the coast of South America resulting in increased productivity of fisheries
The Atacama Desert lies to the west of the Andes Mountains in northern Chile. It is the oldest, most consistently arid place in the world. Based on the map above, which of the following best explains why the Atacama Desert has a consistently arid climate?
It is in the rain shadow of the Andes Mountains.
peru, anchovy
Less nutrient-rich water reaches surface waters, disrupting the food web.
A student claims that soil sample B would be classified as a loam. Which of the following best describes the method used by the student to reach this conclusion?
The student used a soil triangle to determine where the lines intersect for sand, silt, and clay for the soil sample
during an el nino
Wetter and warmer weather that increases soil moisture
students want to determine..... Which of the following is the control group for this experiment?
soil with no grass
energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C
solar radiation
designing housing
surface water and storm water
Based on the diagram, which of the following describes why the summer solstice in Australia occurs in December and not in June?
At this time of year, the tilt of Earth causes Australia to receive highly concentrated solar radiation.
Based on the map, which of the following best explains the area of the Andes Mountains that would have the greatest number of rivers?
More rivers would be located on the east side of the Andes Mountains because the trade winds are coming from the east.
Which of the following is a dependent variable in the experiment?
Percent change in mass of the soil sample (Percent change in mass is a calculation determined from the amount of soil collected in the runoff.)
Which of the following describes the dependent variable in this investigation?
Percentage of each particle size in each soil sample
A developer wants to develop a large tract of land near a watershed, which will require the removal of several large trees. Which of the following statements best describes the impact that the development would have on the watershed?
Removing large trees would cause an increase in temperature and keep the surrounding water and soil warmer.
The Mississippi watershed is the largest in North America, draining all or part of thirty-two states in the United States and two Canadian provinces. A new apartment complex is being built on a steep slope near the source of the Mississippi River outside of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Which of the following measures should be taken to best reduce erosion at the construction site to protect the Mississippi watershed?
plant grass and shrubs on the slope
hoover dam.
the damming....
soil erosion,, new housing.
CONTROL sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest DEPENDENT- density idk 0 turbidity
correct characteristic
D thermo, auroras
The vast majority of ozone (O3)is found in a thin layer due to a lack of circulation in which of the following atmospheric layers?
Stratosphere
Which of the following abiotic factors, when graphed on the x-axis, leads to the curved line in the graph due to variation in the different layers of the atmosphere?
Temperature gradients
Which of the following is the best explanation for the deflection of the trade winds in both hemispheres, as seen in the diagram above?
The wind is deflected west because of Earth's rotation.
frequently fluctuate by 40
There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air
30 N 30 S
desert
Which of the following would be most helpful to determine the soil texture of a sample
A density gradient tube and a soil triangle (Both the soil triangle and density gradient tube are used to determine the texture of a soil sample. A soil density gradient tube, which separates particles by density, would help determine a soil profile. Using a soil triangle, the soil texture can be determined using the percentage of sand, silt, and clay from the soil profile.)
The Atlantic Ocean is expanding as a result of plate tectonics. Which of the following explanations best identifies the type of plate boundary and processes occurring at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
A divergent plate boundary exists at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where plates move away from one another, leading to seafloor spreading. (The Atlantic Ocean is expanding east to west at a rate of about 2.5 centimeters annually. Divergent plate boundaries are the only type of boundary that results in seafloor spreading.)
The Chesapeake Bay is a watershed that is located in six states and the District of Columbia. Which of the following can cause an increase in water pollution in the watershed?
An increase in stormwater runoff in urban areas
At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?
C
The diagram below represents how solar radiation strikes the surface of Earth differently, depending on location, during the June solstice. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies and explains the effects of the differences in the distribution of solar radiation on Earth as seen in the diagram above?
Global wind patterns are created because uneven solar radiation results in warm air at low latitudes and cool air at high latitudes, resulting in density differences between the air masses
a group of students wanted to determine if soil texture can vary by location. Which of the following describes the independent variable in this investigation?
Soil samples taken from different locations
Which of the following best describes why the engineer chose to calculate the permeability of the soil sample in the experimental design in order to evaluate a natural containment system to protect groundwater?
Soils that have low permeability would best help protect groundwater because the soil traps pollutants so that chemical and biological breakdown can occur.
Which of the following is the best explanation for the formation of Hadley cells in the tropics, as seen in the diagram, between 30°N and 30°S latitude?
The Sun warms the moist air at the equator and causes it to rise because of its lower density. As the warm air moves away from the equator, it cools, becomes denser, and then sinks.
Based on the map above, which of the following best identifies and explains the region of South America that would have a more moderate climate?
The east coast would have a more moderate climate because of the Brazil Current.
A map shows locations of known volcanoes and earthquakes. Which of the following explains what is being illustrated in the enclosed area in the northwest portion of the map?
The enclosed area shows a hot spot in the middle of the Pacific Plate in the Hawaiian Islands. (A hot spot is a short section of volcanoes without earthquakes found away from plate boundaries. The Hawaiian Islands are an example of a hot spot.)
Which of the following should be included in a watershed map to best determine the non-point source of a pollutant, such as fertilizer, found in a river?
The land use upstream of the river and water quality indicators in streams that run downstream into the river
Which of the following statements best describes the boundary between the two tectonic plates: the Relative motion of the North American & the Pacific Plate
The map illustrates a transform boundary, where tectonic plates slide past each other as the Pacific Plate moves northwest and the North American Plate moves southeast. (The San Andreas Fault is a transform boundary. The plates slide past each other in opposite directions, which can result in an earthquake.)
an enviornmental engineer.. independent
The sample of material chosen as the potential container material is the variable being tested, so it is the independent variable.
Which statement is best illustrated in the diagram above regarding how the Sun's energy affects the Earth's surface from June through September in the Northern Hemisphere?
The season changes from summer to autumn, daylight hours decrease, and infrared radiation is the strongest during the June solstice.
Which of the following layers of the atmosphere contains charged gas molecules that glow and produce light when hit by solar energy, leading to glowing gases such as the northern lights, found over 90 kilometers above Earth's surface?
Thermosphere
If the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?
cancer short day low solar radiation
el nino
fewer hurricanes central atlantic basin
short wave radio signal
thermosphere
air to rise high into the atmosphere
warm, moist air
el nino US
wetter and cooler
