Chapter 44&45

describe the procedure for collecting a cerebrospinal fluid specimen

A physician will insert a needle into the space between two vertebrae in the lower spine. The needle will then be moved carefully into the CSF-filled space surrounding the spinal cord.

list the types of urine specimens that can be collected

First morning specimen. Single random specimen. Timed short-term specimens. Timed long term specimens: 12 or 24 hours. Catheterized specimen or specimen from an indwelling catheter. Double voided specimens (test for sugar and acetone)

which type of urine specimen has the most concentrated urine

Specimen is the specimen of choice for urinalysis and microscopic analysis, since the urine is generally more concentrated.

what is the normal pH of urine

The normal values range from pH 4.6 to 8.0

tetanus

a bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles

quality control

a system of maintaining standards in manufactured products by testing a sample of the output against the specification.

virus

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

parasite

an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.

urinalysis

analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and microscopical means to test for the presence of disease, drugs,

normal flora

are the microorganisms that live on another living organism

what are the most common specimens collected in the physician's office

are urinalysis, blood cell count, hemoglobin, red blood cell percentage, and blood glucose levels. Pregnancy tests and tests for strep throat

suprapubic urine specimen

aspiration is a procedure to take a urine sample.

how are crystals identified in urine

barrel, plate-like, or diamond. They're typically orange-brown or yellow in color.

describe the media in which colonies of bacteria can grow

for microorganisms are nutrient broths (liquid nutrient medium) or lysogeny broth medium

24- hours urine collection

is a simple lab testthat measures what's in your urine. The test is used to check kidney function.

renal threshold

is the concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine.

describe the cells that may be found in urine

looks at urine under a microscope to see if the number of your epithelial cells is in the normal range.

Gram-negative bacterium

lose the crystal violet stain (and take the color of the red counterstain) in Gram's method of staining.

describe under what circumstances bacteria are harmful

pathogenic bacteria because they cause disease and illnesses like strep throat, staph infections, cholera, tuberculosis, and food poisoning.

what is the minimum amount of urine that must collected for most common urine test

requires a minimum of 30 mL of urine

describe the procedure for collecting a specimens from wound

swab the wound by gently rotating a sterile calcium alginate or rayon swab between your fingers. Use enough pressure to express fluid from within the wound tissue.

how is pregnancy confirmed via a urine test

testing the hcg levels

describe the type of urine specimen that is most commonly collected in the physician's office

urine

describe the method of testing urine specific gravity

uses a dipstick made with a color-sensitive pad. The color the dipstick changes to will tell the provider the specific gravity of your urine.