Chapter 4:Buddhism
maitreya
a buddha, expected to appear on earth in the future
mandala
a circular design containing deities, geometrical forms, symbols and so on that represents totality, the self, and the universe
guanyin
a popular bodhisattava of compassion in mahayana
sutra
a sacred text, especially one said to record the words of the buddha
stupa
a shrine, ususally in the shape of a dome, used to mark buddhist relics or sacred sites
samadhi
a state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation
lama
a tibetan buddhist teacher
_____refers to impermanence, or constant change
anichcha
in theravada, a _______ has practiced monastic disicplines and reached nirvana, the ideal
arhat
amitabha buddha
buddha of the western paradise, a bliss-body buddha in mahayana
Sutras are believed to be direct teachings of the buddha himself; however, this cannot be known for certain
buddhas teachings were not written down
sangha
community of monks and nuns
Jataka Tales-collection of buddhist folktales
compared to aesops fable
karuna
compassion, empathy
samsara
constant rebirth and attendant suffering
vajra
diamond scepter used in tibetan and other types of buddhist ritual, symbolizing compassion
anatta
doctrine that there is no soul or permanent essence in people and things
Bodhi
enlightment
dhyana
focusing of the mind
anichcha
impermanence, constant change
koan
in chan and zen buddhism, a question that cannot be answered logically
judo/pure land
in japan, daily repetition at the moment of death was though o ensure the believers rebirth in the western paradise -focus on devotion
bodhisattva
in mahayana, a person of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others
arhat
in theravada, a person who has practice monastic disciplines and reached nirvana, the ideal
satori
in zen, the enlightened awareness
shunyata
mahayana notion of empitness, meaning that universe is the empty of permanent reality
zen is derived from a word referring to one of the steps in the eightfold path, whose meaning is
mediatation
two of the most important languages through which the teaching of the buddha have been orally transmitted
pali and sankrit
once a person reaches nirvana
rebirth is finished
one of the three jewels,_____ is the community of monks and nuns
sangha
dharma
sum total of the buddhist teaching about how to view the world and how to properly live
mudra
symbolic hand gesture
in tibetan buddhism, on of the most important collections of sacred writings, the ______, exceeds four thousand works and comprises commentaries on scripture and treatises on awide variety of disciplines such as medecine, logic, and grammar
tenjur
tripitaka
three baskets, or collections of buddhist texts
trikaya
three bodies of the buddha- the dharmakaya (cosmic buddha nature), the nirmanakaya (historical buddhas), and the sambhogakaya (celestial buddhas)
therevada Buddhism
tipitaka: three baskets make up the pli canon, or collection of buddhas teachings (vinaya sutra, abhidhamma -small raft -stupas: a shrine in the shape of a throne
dharma
totality of buddhist teaching
____ refers to the three bodies of the buddha--- the cosmic buddha nature, the celestial buddhas, and the historical buddhas
trikaya
The three basketbals, or collections, of buddhist texts is known as
tripitaka
tathata
uniqueness
tendai
-Heavenly terrace: this school attempted to catergorize all the teaching oft he buddha and present them in a meaningful way, as a kind of aldder of steps leading to full enlightment
Second Nobule Truth: Suffering Comes from Desire
-Suffering comes from wanting what we cannot have and from never being satisfied with what we do have -some desires are simply "wants" cultivated by society
Third Noble Truth: To End Suffering, End Desire
-any kind of attachment will bring inevitable suffering -many modern cultures strain to achieve imaginable desire, emphasizing individual legal and moral rights, competetion, and succsess
First Noble Truth: to Live is to Suffer
-birth is attended with pain, decay is painful, disease is painful, death is painful -to live means to experience anxiety, loss, and sometimes ever anguish
Vajrayana Buddhism
-famous for elaborate ritual -vehicle of the diamond or lighting bolt -a combination of indian mahayana buddhism blended with tibetan shamanism -vajra: the diamond scepter used in tibetan and other types of buddhist ritual, symbolizing compassion
Fourth Noble Truth: Release from Suffering is possible and can be attained by following the noble Eightfold path
-goal of buddhism is nirvana -nirvana seems to mean to "blow out" or "cool" suggesting the fires of desire have been extinguished
Zen
-satori- awareness of the unity of oneself with the rest of the universe -comes from the seventh step of eghtfold path- meditation -koan: a question that can not be answered logically
Mahayana Buddhism
-shunyata: doctrine that all reality is empty -bodhisattva (Enlightened being) embodies compassion -Large raft -tathata, or "thatness"- when two elements come together in an unexpected way
Buddha
-thought of as an ideal human being whom other humans beings should imitate -practical minded and concentrated on what was useful rather than what he considered speculative -how to minimize suffering and how to attain inner peace
shingon
-true word or word of truth--utilized sacred chants called mantras
______ refers to "enlightment being" in mahayana, a person of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others; a heavenly being of compassion
Bodhisattava
According to buddha, his teaching must be
Experienced in order to be worthwile
the work of the American architect__________, which popularized the use of large windows and natural stone, demonstrates the global influence of zen buddhist principles in design
Frank Lloyd wright
Influential vimalakirti sutra, which teaches that it is possible to live a devout buddhist life without necessarily becoming a monk, a central to the literature of________ buddhism
Mahayana
