Chapter 5-10 review

Bolter parties are those that

are formed by factions that have split off from one of the major parties

Parental influence on party identification is greater when

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

dependent on advertising revenues.

In modern elections, candidates _______________ to learn about voters' interests.​

commission public opinion polls

Each state has one vote in the electoral college for

each of its representatives and senators.

Which industry is a good example of the involvement by business in Washington lobbying as their number of lobbies has skyrocketed in recent years?

healthcare

The Socialist Party advocated for

ideological protest.

The Federal Communications Commission is a(n) _____ that is insulated from political control by the Congress or president.

independent regulatory commission

The main drawback of protest activity as a tool in influencing the policymaking process is that

it is basically a short-term tool, whereas policymaking is a long-term process.

Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because

it is easier to collect data on conventional practices.

Candidates' attributes are especially important to voters who

lack good information about a candidate's past performance.

A sample size that is _____ will more accurately represent the population.

larger

The most commonly used source for news in America is

local news shows on television.

When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.

order; equality

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

political socialization.

A direct primary is a

preliminary election to choose party candidates

Two-party systems tend to

promote citizens' ability to replace government leaders.

Which of the following potential interest groups would likely be the most difficult to organize for political action?

social welfare recipients

A voter who voted for a Republican for senator and Hillary Clinton for president in 2016

voted a split ticket.

Studies of the party identification and ideological orientation of voters show that

voters tend to identify with the party that most reflects their ideological orientation.

What is the main way in which citizens control government?​

voting in free elections to choose leaders

Since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?

zero

​Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the _________ phenomenon.

​NIMBY

Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are​

​about the same.

One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must​

​have more than one political party.

A lobby can be described as an organization that

​is not a voluntary membership organization, but as institutions has access to resources without any membership.

Because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to

​limit individual freedom.

Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain.​

​majoritarian

Surveys conducted over the Internet have been criticized because they

​may not be representative of the whole nation.

Which statement is true about most congressional elections today?

Most congressional elections are not very competitive.

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality.

How do the mass media influence the socialization process?

They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.

​Which of the following is NOT one of the four principles of responsible party government?

Voters should choose candidates on the basis of ideological alignment.

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor death penalty.

Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that​

broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.

The ​fairness doctrine required

broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.

Relatively routine behaviors that use the established institutions of representative government such as voting in an election are called _____ participation.

conventional

When an election elicits a sharp change in the existing patterns of party loyalty among groups of voters, it is called a(n) _____ election.

critical

A strategy that relies on a group representative's personal contact with policymakers is

direct lobbying.

In general, the public tends to dislike interest groups because they

do not offer equal representation to all.

The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

education, income, and occupation.

​Which of the following is not a role of interest groups?

electing government officials

When considering the endurance of political beliefs in America, it can be said that Americans tend to

find their political niche and stay there.

In interest group lobbying, coalitions are often

formed only for the purpose of lobbying on a single issue.

​The American Farm Bureau Federation which tries to influence public policy decisions that affect farmers is an example of a(n)

interest group.

According to the __________ model of democracy, political parties are essential in making government responsive to public opinion.

majoritarian

The four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and

nominating candidates for election to public office.

Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are

not noticeably apathetic.

__________ primaries weaken parties more because it allows voters to float between parties rather than require the voters to participate in the party in which they are registered.

open

According to democratic theory, the most important factor in determining voter choice in an election should be

past performance and proposed policies.

Proportional representation tends to

perpetuate several political parties.

​Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to

resort to negative or positive spin on the news.

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to

set the political agenda.

Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become

skewed toward conservatism.

When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

skewed.

"Independent, expenditures-only political committees" are a legal term by the Federal Elections Committee (FEC) more commonly referred to as

super PACs

When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in

supportive behavior.

Mass media refers to

the means of communicating to audiences.

Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

The free-rider problem increases the difficulty of attracting

​paying members.