Chapter 5

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called:

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?

Increase surface area for diffusion between dermis and epidermis

Protein that contributes to skin's protective qualities:

Keratin

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine glands is:

Limited to hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin

Functions of the skin include:

Regulating body temperature

The _______ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

Reticular

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it:

Stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in epidermis

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is cells of the:

Stratum basale

What is the correct order of cell layers (strata) in a section of thick skin, from basement membrane toward free surface (deep to superficial)?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

What is the layer of epidermis exposed at the surface?

Stratum corneum

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the:

Stratum granulosum

What are injections administered in the hypodermis when administered using a hypodermic needle?

There are no vital organs in the region

As cells are pushed from deeper portion of epidermis toward surface,

They die

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n):

Third-degree burn

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deepest layers of the epidermis from:

Ultraviolet radiation

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands it:

Acne

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called _______ glands.

Apocrine

The subcutaneous layer consists of:

Areolar and adipose tissues

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"Goose bumps" are formed

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

The skin may turn orange as result of _______ buildup.

Carotene

______ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

Carotene

The dermis is composed largely of:

Dense irregular connective tissue

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called:

Dermal papillae

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the:

Dermis

When the body is overheated, skin responds by:

Dilating blood vessels

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane, external to internal?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

The nail ______ covers the nail bed.

Eponychium

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

Evaporation

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as a:

First-degree