Chapter 5

Which of the following is the best description of scientific management? Moving employees between two or more jobs in a planned manner to provide diversified experience Putting employees in direct contact with their clients rather than using the supervisor as a go-between Providing employees with freedom, independence, and the discretion to schedule their work and determine their work procedures Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to

Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them

Jim is thrilled that his recent promotion earned him a parking spot in the executive parking lot and a large corner office. These "perks" would satisfy which level of Maslow's hierarchy? Safety Physiological Esteem Self-actualization

Esteem

Which motivation theory proposes that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes? Four-drive theory Learned needs theory Expectancy theory Social cognitive theory

Expectancy theory

True or false: Feedback should occur more frequently in jobs with a long cycle time than jobs with a short cycle time.

False

Which of the following theories proposes that motivation arises from emotions that are generated by certain drives? Four-drive theory Hierarchy of needs Learned needs theory Expectancy theory

Four-drive theory

Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.) Distributing rewards that the employee values Measuring job performance accurately Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Providing training and clarifying job requirements

Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job Providing training and clarifying job requirements

Which of the following is the best example of an effective goal? Reduce employee turnover Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter Improve customer satisfaction ratings Cut inventory costs by the end of the year

Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter

Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities? Improved expected satisfaction Decreased effort-to-outcome expectancies Increased effort-to-performance expectancies Increased performance-to-outcome expectancies

Increased effort-to-performance expectancies

Which of the following statements concerning innate drives is true? They are goal-directed forces that channel us to correct deficiencies or imbalances. They are shaped through self-concept, social norms, and past experience. Human beings learn innate drives through life experiences. Innate needs exist in all human beings from the time of birth.

Innate needs exist in all human beings from the time of birth.

What are the basic characteristics of the forces that make up a person's motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Intensity Direction Repetition Persistence

Intensity Direction Persistence

Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Choose every correct answer.) It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover. It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. It eliminates tedium in the workplace.

It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover. It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. It improves the mechanical efficiency of work.

Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Choose every correct answer.) It eliminates tedium in the workplace. It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover.

It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover.

Which of the following statements regarding effective feedback is true? It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control. Providing frequent feedback reduces its overall value and impact on performance. The timing of feedback is irrelevant as long as the feedback is positive. Feedback is more effective when it is generic and applicable to all employees.

It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control.

Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states that then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness? EVLN model Job characteristics model Four-D model Outcome-based model

Job characteristics model

A coworker had a heart attack, and Alex has become more serious about keeping up with his exercise regimen. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? Negative reinforcement Learning behavioral outcomes Self-regulation Life expectancy

Learning behavioral outcomes

When John learned that his cousin had been diagnosed with lung cancer, he decided to try to quit smoking. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory?

Learning behavioral outcomes

Which theory of motivation asserts that the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time? Expectancy theory Learned needs theory Four-drive theory Maslow's needs hierarchy

Maslow's needs hierarchy

Which theory of motivation asserts that the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time? Learned needs theory Expectancy theory Maslow's needs hierarchy Four-drive theory

Maslow's needs hierarchy

What is defined as the forces within a person that affect their effort for voluntary behavior? Behavior Valence Motivation Emotion

Motivation

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? Learned needs theory Organizational behavior modification Expectancy theory Maslow's needs hierarchy theory

Organizational behavior modification

Which of the following is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy? Self-actualization Physiological Belongingness Safety Esteem

Physiological

A sales rep receives an unexpected bonus check when he exceeds his sales quota for the quarter. According to the A-B-C model, what type of consequence is this?

Positive reinforcement

In terms of equity theory, which of the following are considered outcomes? (Choose every correct answer.) Promotions Effort Pay Performance

Promotions Pay

Job security would serve to fill which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Safety Self-actualization Belongingness Esteem

Safety

Which of the following are benefits of job specialization? (Choose every correct answer.) More skills to learn Shorter cycle time More effective job-person matching Reduced training time

Shorter cycle time More effective job-person matching Reduced training time

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs? (Choose every correct answer.) Skills Recognition Compensation Experience

Skills Experience

Which motivation theory explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior?

Social cognitive theory

Which motivation theory explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior? Learned needs theory Expectancy theory Organizational behavior modification Social cognitive theory

Social cognitive theory

Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the humane shelter, Owen answered, "I make a difference every day to the lives of animals in our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics model? Task identity Job feedback Task significance Skill variety

Task significance

Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects the organization and/or society? Skill variety Task identity Task significance Autonomy

Task significance

Which drive in four-drive theory is reactive rather than ongoing and proactive in nature? The drive to bond The drive to defend The drive to comprehend The drive to acquire

The drive to defend

Which of the following best describes the role of social norms, self-concept, and past experience on needs? They have minimal influence on goal-directed behavior. They enable us to have a constant level of drive-based emotions. They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior. Because needs are innate, they have no impact.

They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior.

True or false: According to the four-drive theory, the four drives that give rise to emotions and human motivation are independent of one another.

True

True or false: Although everyone has the same drives, people develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation.

True

True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality.

True (Job specialization often reduces work quality because employees see only a small part of the process.)

When does procedural justice tend to be higher? (Choose every correct answer.) When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased. When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently. When the decision maker reaches decisions unilaterally. When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute.

When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased. When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently. When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute.

According to McClelland's learned needs theory, people who set challenging goals for themselves and seek recognition for their efforts have a high need for ______.

achievement

Eric is known in the workplace as a hard charger. He is the first one in the office every morning and the last one to go home every night and wants to be known as the "best" in everything he does. According to McClelland, Eric would have a strong need for ______. self-actualization power affiliation achievement

achievement

Beatrice, a sales manager at Nelson Electronics, put in place a generous commission plan for her sales staff: the more they sell, the more they earn. This commission plan is designed to fulfill her salespeople's drive to ______. bond comprehend acquire defend

acquire

McClelland suggested that individuals are influenced by three "learned" needs: achievement, power, and ???.

affiliation

A few minutes before a scheduled conference call, Laura received a meeting reminder in her Microsoft Outlook account. This reminder is an example of a(n) ______.

antecedent

According to the A-B-Cs of Organizational Behavior Modification, events preceding the behavior are known as ______.

antecedents

An organization can influence employees' drive to ______ by implementing team-building programs and providing opportunities for workers to interact socially. bond comprehend defend acquire

bond

Professional development programs and educational courses would influence employees' drive to ______. inquire defend bond comprehend

comprehend

When she was late for the second day in a row, Tiana received a written warning from her boss, stating that her pay would be docked if she was late again. This warning is an example of a(n) ______.

consequence

The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job ______.

design

The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is referred to as job ???.

design

The perceived fairness of our outcomes versus our contributions compared to the outcomes and contributions of others is known as ??? justice.

distributive

Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to maintain internal equilibrium by correcting deficiencies are known as ______, or primary needs. needs values drives attitudes

drives

The primary needs of human beings are also referred to as ______.

drives

According to the four-drive theory, ??? are the source of human motivation.

emotions

According to the four-drive theory, ??? are the source of human motivation. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

emotions

The "value-expressive" function of voice states that ______. employees are less inclined to speak up about issues of distributive justice than procedural justice receiving feedback from multiple people is more valuable than feedback from a single person employees value rewards more if they are linked to positive job performance employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue

employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue

Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job ______.

enrichment

Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work.

enrichment

Employees who carry out a task because of a pay incentive provided by their company are demonstrating ??? motivation.

extrinsic

The process of motivating employees and clarifying their role perceptions by establishing performance objectives is referred to as ______.

goal setting

Our perception that appropriate rules in the way employees are treated have been applied throughout a decision process is called ______ justice.

interactional

Employees who carry out a task for the satisfaction of completing it successfully are demonstrating ______. not having a need for motivation intrinsic motivation extrinsic motivation a lack of motivation

intrinsic motivation

In his learned needs theory, McClelland proposed that a person's needs can be strengthened through reinforcement, social conditions, and ______. self-actualization independence self-reinforcement learning

learning

As part of its performance review process, Altrera Corporation solicits confidential feedback from the employee's managers, peers, and direct reports. This process is known as ______.

multisource (360-degree) feedback

Michael received an anonymous online feedback form that asked him to rate a coworker's workplace competencies on a scale of 1 to 5 and then asked for written comments. It would appear that Michael's employer is using ______.

multisource (360-degree) feedback

The night before a big test, you set your alarm 15 minutes earlier to avoid being late for class. Wanting to avoid the consequences of being late is an example of ______. negative reinforcement extinction punishment continuous reinforcement

negative reinforcement

The theory of motivation that explains employee behavior in terms of antecedent conditions and consequences of behavior is known as ______.

organizational behavior modification

According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: effort-to-performance expectancy, performance-to-outcome expectancy, and ______.

outcome valences

Our perception of the fairness of the processes used to allocate resources or resolve disputes is referred to as ??? justice.

procedural

Nathan was unhappy with the amount of his raise, but after meeting with his boss, he believed that the manner in which the company determined the size of raises was fair. This is an example of ______.

procedural justice

Your boss calls you into her office to chastise you for taking longer breaks than allowed. This is an example of ______.

punishment

Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and during the third week, she works in Payroll. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job ______.

rotation

Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as ______.

scientific management

Three important components of social cognitive theory include: learning behavioral consequences, behavior modeling, and ______.

self-regulation

What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and that she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of ______.

skill variety

At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job ______.

specialization

According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as ______.

task identity

The job design model stating that certain job factors lead to psychological states that affect work outcomes is known as ______.

the job characteristics model