Chapter 5

3) Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called A) epidermal ridges. B) strata. C) reticular layers. D) accessory structures. E) dermal papillae.

E

41) Which of the following conditions is the most commonform of skin cancer? A) melanoma B) cyanosis C) squamous cell carcinoma D) albinism E) basal cell carcinoma

E

46) The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the ________ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis. A) cervical B) mesenteric C) brachial D) celiac E) cutaneous

E

51) The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the A) epidermis. B) subcutaneous layer. C) stratum basale. D) stratum corneum. E) dermis.

E

65) Shafts of hair are comprised of A) living keratinized dermal cells. B) dead keratinized dermal cells. C) keratinized adipose cells. D) living keratinized epidermal cells. E) dead keratinized epidermal cells.

E

67) Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure? A) hair root B) cuticle of the hair C) medulla of the hair D) cortex of the hair E) hair matrix

E

77) The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? A) eccrine B) apocrine C) merocrine D) endocrine E) holocrine

E

85) As an adolescent looking at pimples on your face, you think about what they are. You decide that they are related to ________ on your skin. A) cholesterol B) sweat C) mucus D) carotene E) sebum

E

86) Mammary glands are modified A) sensory receptors. B) wax glands. C) oil glands. D) sebaceous glands. E) sweat glands.

E

97) During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response. A) keratin B) dermicidin C) melanin D) collagen E) fibrin

E

49) The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provide which function? A) prevent damage to the tissue B) nourish the epidermis C) provide flexibility D) provide sensory information E) increase surface area of the dermis

A

52) Lipid is concentrated with the cells of the A) hypodermis. B) dermis. C) cornified region. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

A

57) Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber? A) provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury B) helps cushion a light blow to the head C) protects the scalp from UV light D) helps prevent the entry of foreign particles E) provides protection for the surface of the eye

A

73) Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands. A) ceruminous B) apocrine sweat C) sebaceous D) merocrine sweat E) mammary

A

8) Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) epidermis and dermis. E) subcutaneous layer.

A

10) The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) dermicidin. E) calcitriol.

B

48) The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin. A) germinative B) reticular C) subcutaneous D) papillary E) corneal

B

75) The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. A) ceruminous B) mucous C) apocrine D) sebaceous E) merocrine

C

81) Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands A) is more than 99 percent water. B) contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea. C) helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates. D) is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin. E) contains astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores.

D

14) Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane? A) gap junctions B) CAMs C) tight junctions D) connexons E) hemidesmosomes

E

15) Choose the correctorder of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum A) 3, 5, 4, 1, 2 B) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 C) 2, 1, 4, 5, 3 D) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 E) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3

E

44) This layer is composed of a high concentration of collagen fibers. A) stratum corneum B) stratum granulosum C) dermis D) hypodermis E) cornified region

C

47) The dermis is composed largely of A) adipose. B) fluid connective. C) dense irregular connective. D) muscle. E) neural.

C

50) Nerve fibers in the dermis most likelyfunction in A) defending of local tissues after infection. B) providing nutrients and oxygen to the skin. C) monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis. D) repairing tissue after injury. E) removing carbon dioxide and waste products.

C

54) The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) integument. E) papillary layer.

C

56) Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle? A) There is an abundance of capillaries in the hypodermis. B) The hypodermis is highly innervated. C) Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid. D) Both elastic fibers and collagen fibers are present. E) The presence of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels help local tissues defend and repair themselves.

C

8) In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication. A) eccrine B) sebaceous C) apocrine D) mammary E) merocrine

C

87) Which statement is truefor merocrine sweat glands? A) They discharge their secretions into the hair follicles. B) They are for hair lubrication. C) They are more numerous than apocrine sweat glands. D) They are important in communication between individuals, related to sexual attraction. E) They make the skin more pliable and soft.

C

94) A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) A) granulation tissue. B) scab. C) keloid. D) callus. E) abrasion.

C

98) You fell on the concrete walkway and scraped your leg against the solid surface, which created a two-inch by three-inch area that is not bleeding. This would be called a(n) A) abrasion. B) laceration. C) puncture. D) incision. E) contusion.

A

53) The subcutaneous layer consists of A) epithelial and adipose tissues. B) areolar and adipose tissues. C) dense connective and loose connective tissues. D) epithelium and loose connective tissues. E) skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.

B

55) The hypodermis A) provides mechanical strength to the skin. B) is quite elastic. C) has no blood vessels. D) is composed of strata with various functions. E) contains a variety of sensory receptors.

B

63) Which statement is correct? A) Using expensive hair products can enhance the mitotic growth of hair cells within the shaft. B) A hair shaft is made of varying densities and consistencies of keratin. C) All hairs have the same growth cycle until mid-life. D) Carotene is the major pigment that colors hair shafts. E) Any hair loss signifies a medical condition, which should be checked by a doctor.

B

79) Merocrine sweat glands A) are most common in the axillary and inguinal regions of the body. B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature. C) respond only in times of stress. D) are active only in areas of dense hair. E) are absent in the palms and soles.

B

88) Elderly people tend to have rougher skin and more brittle hair than younger people. What structure is associated with this problem? A) merocrine glands B) sebaceous glands C) ceruminous glands D) apocrine glands E) eccrine glands

B

9) Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae? A) increase storage of nutrients in the digestive tract B) increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis C) increase sensory reception D) increase secretion of milk in specialized integumentary glands E) increase large reserves of lipids in adipose tissue

B

96) During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called? A) keloid B) granulation tissue C) scar tissue D) scab E) sebum

B

100) Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario? A) He has had a stroke from lack of blood flow to the brain. B) His vitamin D3 deficiency has caused his blood calcium levels to drop to a dangerous low. C) He is having a heart attack. D) He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat. E) He has a bacterial infection related to a decrease in immune system function.

D

13) The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.

D

16) Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells. A) water; blood B) water; lipids C) oils; alcohol D) oils; lipid-soluble solvents E) sebum; water

D

37) Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light A) can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin. B) can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes. C) can cause destruction of vitamin D3. D) can increase melanocyte activity. E) has no effect on the skin cells.

D

43) The most severetype of skin cancer is most likely to develop from A) nonpigmented epithelial cells. B) melanocytes. C) pigmented basal cells. D) nonpigmented dermal cells. E) keratinocytes.

D

45) What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis? A) dense, regular connective tissue B) stratified squamous epithelium C) reticular connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue E) dense, irregular connective tissue

D

64) You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn. A) death at an early age B) inability to control body temperature C) no skin at all will replace the burned area D) no growth of hair in the damaged skin area E) inability to use the arm in any way

D

66) The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following? A) hypodermis B) dermis C) subcutaneous layer D) epidermis E) basement membrane

D

99) Which is the most logicalreason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person? A) The hair is thinner in the elderly. B) There are fewer melanocytes in the skin of a younger person. C) The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of a young person. D) Bone strength decreases in the elderly. E) Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.

E