Chapter 5

The SI unit of pressure is the pascal, where 1 pascal equals ______.

1 newton/meter2

What is the basic premise of the kinetic theory of matter?

All matter is made of tiny particles.

Which of the following scenarios is commonly thought to have given rise to Archimedes' principle?

Archimedes discovered the principle while taking a bath.

______ principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid equals the weight of fluid displaced by the object.

Archimedes'

___ law states that the volume of a given quantity of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it.

Blank 1: Boyle's

___ is a thermodynamic measure of disorder.

Blank 1: Entropy

___ is a measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one object to another.

Blank 1: Heat

With Archimedes' principle, we find that the ___ force on an object in a fluid equals the ___ of fluid displaced by the object.

Blank 1: buoyant Blank 2: weight

The ___ of a material is its mass per unit volume.

Blank 1: density

The ___ of a material is its mass per unit volume. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: density

A heat ___ converts heat into mechanical energy.

Blank 1: engine

Liquids and gases are both called ___ because they flow to fit the size and shape of their container.

Blank 1: fluids

The heat of ___ is the heat involved in a solid-liquid phase change.

Blank 1: fusion

The phase of matter that involves molecules of a substance moving in a random fashion with no uniformity of speed or direction is called ___.

Blank 1: gas

The ___ theory of matter is a summary of the scientific assumptions about molecules and the space around them, and describes how all matter is composed of tiny particles.

Blank 1: kinetic

The phase of matter that has strong intermolecular attractions that act over short distances, yet the molecules are still able to move about is called ___.

Blank 1: liquid

The pascal is the SI unit for ___.

Blank 1: pressure

The science of heat transformation is called ___.

Blank 1: thermodynamics

The heat involved in a liquid-gas phase change, such as in boiling water, is called the heat of ___.

Blank 1: vaporization

The heat needed to change each kilogram of liquid into gas is called the heat of ___.

Blank 1: vaporization

Which of the following is the correct equation for density?

Density = mass/volume

______ are devices that convert heat into mechanical energy.

Heat engines

Which of the following words correctly describe entropy?

Lacking a pattern Disorder Randomization

Which of the following is the equation for pressure?

Pressure = force/area

______ is a physical quantity that gives rise to our sensations of hot and cold, but ______ relates to the object's internal energy.

Temperature; heat

______, measured with a thermometer, relates information about a substance's expansion when heated or shrinkage when cooled, but ______ measures the kinetic energy of all the separate particles that make up a body.

Temperature; heat

Which of the following properties of pressure in a fluid are true?

The pressure in a fluid increases with depth. An external pressure exerted on a fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid.

True or false: An external pressure exerted on a fluid is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid.

True

True or false: Any form of energy, including heat, can be converted into another form of energy.

True

The laws of thermodynamics are concerned with relationships between which of the following items?

Work Heat Mechanical energy

The laws of thermodynamics are concerned with relationships between which of the following items?

Work Mechanical energy Heat

Fluids may have ______.

a definite volume but flow to fit the size and shape of their container particles that can move freely, having no definite volume or shape

For every degree the temperature falls for a gas that is steadily cooled, while its pressure is maintained, its volume decreases by 12731273 of its volume at 0oC. At -273oC, the temperature is referred to as ______.

absolute zero

The transfer of energy from one molecule to another is called ______.

conduction

The first law of thermodynamics commonly is described as an application of the law of conservation of energy, which states ______.

energy can be neither created nor destroyed, just transformed from one form to another

The first law of thermodynamics can be summarized as follows: The heat energy supplied to a system, minus the work done by the system, is ______ the change in internal energy.

equal to

Conduction is a transfer of energy ______.

from the collisions and vibrations of molecules

The heat of ______ of a substance is the heat required to change 1 kg of a solid at its melting point into a liquid.

fusion

The molecules in a ______ are held together with weak forces that allow them to move constantly and randomly.

gas

Boyle's law states that the volume of a given quantity of a ______ at constant temperature is ______ the pressure applied to it.

gas; inversely proportional to

Of all the types of energy transformations, the conversion of ______ energy is the least efficient.

heat

Energy degradation occurs when ______ energy is transformed to ______ energy, such as from chemical energy to heat.

high-quality; low-quality

The faster the movement of gas molecules in a closed container, the ______.

higher the temperature

The degradation of energy ______.

is irreversible

The molecules in a ______ flow over each other yet are held together with relatively strong forces.

liquid

The biochemical processes that release energy contained in food, making it available to an animal that eats it, is referred to as ______.

metabolism

Force divided by area equals ______.

pressure

As the temperature of a gas in a closed container increases, so does the ______.

pressure of the gas speed of the gas molecules

Metabolism refers to the ______.

processes by which people and animals gain access to the energy stored in food

As the temperature of a gas in a closed container increases, so does the ______.

speed of the gas molecules pressure of the gas

Heat is a measure of ______.

the total internal energy of the molecules of an object

Archimedes was trying to think of a way to determine whether a new crown made for King Hieron of Sicily was pure gold without damaging it. The solution is said to have come to him ______.

while taking a bath

The theoretical temperature at which no additional heat can be removed from a substance is known as absolute ______.

zero