chapter 5 anatomy

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed

Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?

He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat.

Which type of burn is described by all of the following characteristics? 1. epidermis and dermis destroyed 2. initially painless 3. much scar tissue formed

Third-degree burn

During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?

granulation tissue

Hair is formed from divisions of epithelial stem cells in the

hair matrix

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?

increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis

Most of the cells of the epidermis are

keratinocytes

inflammation

mast cells trigger a response the enhances blood flow and attracts phagocytes

Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in

monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis

Approcine sweat glands

produce secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce odor.

functions of the skin

regulating body temperature

The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

reticular

The 2 types of exocrine glands in the skin are

sebaceous and sweat glands

Mammary glands are modified

sweat glands

Which of these events occur as a result of a decrease in body temperature?

sweat is produced blood vessels in the epidermis dilate contraction of arrector pili muscles blood vessels in the dermis dilate

Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands?

they are more numerous than acoprine sweat glands

A major function of the skin is protection from

ultraviolet light abrasion entry of microorganisms dehydration

Which of these statements is true regarding keratinization?

Epithelial cells eventually die and produce an outer layer of cells.

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from

ultraviolet radiation

Arrector pili muscles

contract in response to frightening situations.

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid.

migration

a blood clot forms that restricts the entrance of additional microorganisms

cyanosis is a condition caused by

a decrease in blood oxygen

what is made of varying densities and consistencies of keratin.

a hair shaft

scarring

a shallow depression marks the site of injury

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

apocrine

the subcutaneous layer consists of

areolar and adipose tissue

The most common form of skin cancer is

basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

The dermis is composed largely of

dense irregular connective tissue

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

dermis

The layer of skin that is composed of dense connective tissue and has projections called papillae is the

dermis

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels

Thick skin

does not produce hair

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

epidermis

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane (from superficial to deep)?

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

first-degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

first-degree

proliferation

formation of an extensive meshwork of collagen fibers in the dermis

the function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is

lubrication

You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn.

no growth of hair in the damaged skin area

Striae occur as a result of

overstretching the dermis

Concerning skin color, which of these statements is correctly matched?

pale skin = shock

The specific layer that shapes the ridges for fingerprints and footprints is the

papillary layer of the dermis

the epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the

papillary layer of the dermis

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

Which glands of the skin possess all of the following characteristics? secrete oily, white substance rich in lipids open into a hair follicle are sensitive to changes in sex hormones

sebaceous glands

As an adolescent looking at pimples on your face, you think about what they are. You decide that they are related to ________ on your skin.

sebum

the lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?

holocrine

This layer contains loose connective tissue and has about half of the body's stored fat

hypodermis

Functions of the integumentary system include all of these EXCEPT:

synthesis and storage of nutrients

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). stratum lucidum stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum

2 5 4 1 3

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial).1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum

2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Which of these parts of the body have the most merocrine sweat glands?

soles of the feet

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Cell division occurs in which layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

In which of these layers are melanocytes found?

stratum basale

The __________ consists of many layers of dead squamous cells tightly connected by desmosomes.

stratum corneum