chapter 5 anatomy
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?
He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat.
Which type of burn is described by all of the following characteristics? 1. epidermis and dermis destroyed 2. initially painless 3. much scar tissue formed
Third-degree burn
During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?
granulation tissue
Hair is formed from divisions of epithelial stem cells in the
hair matrix
Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?
increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis
Most of the cells of the epidermis are
keratinocytes
inflammation
mast cells trigger a response the enhances blood flow and attracts phagocytes
Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in
monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis
Approcine sweat glands
produce secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce odor.
functions of the skin
regulating body temperature
The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
reticular
The 2 types of exocrine glands in the skin are
sebaceous and sweat glands
Mammary glands are modified
sweat glands
Which of these events occur as a result of a decrease in body temperature?
sweat is produced blood vessels in the epidermis dilate contraction of arrector pili muscles blood vessels in the dermis dilate
Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands?
they are more numerous than acoprine sweat glands
A major function of the skin is protection from
ultraviolet light abrasion entry of microorganisms dehydration
Which of these statements is true regarding keratinization?
Epithelial cells eventually die and produce an outer layer of cells.
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from
ultraviolet radiation
Arrector pili muscles
contract in response to frightening situations.
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid.
migration
a blood clot forms that restricts the entrance of additional microorganisms
cyanosis is a condition caused by
a decrease in blood oxygen
what is made of varying densities and consistencies of keratin.
a hair shaft
scarring
a shallow depression marks the site of injury
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
apocrine
the subcutaneous layer consists of
areolar and adipose tissue
The most common form of skin cancer is
basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
The dermis is composed largely of
dense irregular connective tissue
The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the
dermis
The layer of skin that is composed of dense connective tissue and has projections called papillae is the
dermis
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
dilating blood vessels
Thick skin
does not produce hair
Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the
epidermis
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane (from superficial to deep)?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first-degree
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
first-degree
proliferation
formation of an extensive meshwork of collagen fibers in the dermis
the function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is
lubrication
You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn.
no growth of hair in the damaged skin area
Striae occur as a result of
overstretching the dermis
Concerning skin color, which of these statements is correctly matched?
pale skin = shock
The specific layer that shapes the ridges for fingerprints and footprints is the
papillary layer of the dermis
the epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the
papillary layer of the dermis
Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?
provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
Which glands of the skin possess all of the following characteristics? secrete oily, white substance rich in lipids open into a hair follicle are sensitive to changes in sex hormones
sebaceous glands
As an adolescent looking at pimples on your face, you think about what they are. You decide that they are related to ________ on your skin.
sebum
the lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?
holocrine
This layer contains loose connective tissue and has about half of the body's stored fat
hypodermis
Functions of the integumentary system include all of these EXCEPT:
synthesis and storage of nutrients
Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). stratum lucidum stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum
2 5 4 1 3
Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial).1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
Which of these parts of the body have the most merocrine sweat glands?
soles of the feet
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Cell division occurs in which layer of the epidermis?
stratum basale
In which of these layers are melanocytes found?
stratum basale
The __________ consists of many layers of dead squamous cells tightly connected by desmosomes.
stratum corneum