chapter 5 and 6

progressives who focused on making government more efficient wanted the heads of city departments to be selected by a city manager or a. a board of commissioners b. the city council c. the mayor d. a political party

a. a board of commissioners

summarize gifford pinch's ideas about conservation, as expressed in the excerpt above. In what ways is pinchot's approach similar to or different from conservation as is is understood today?

He is known for changing the system of management and reforming the development of forests in the US, however, was disliked by President Taft. He also actively advocated for forest reserve conservation through planned use and renewal. Pinchot is also known for coining the term "conservation ethic" in reference to natural resources.

summarize president mckinley's justification of the annexation of the philippines, as expressed in the excerpt above.

McKinley is opposed to allowing European powers to gain an advantage in the Philippines, because to do so would be bad for American economic interests. He also feels that the Filipinos are an inferior people who are not ready for or capable of independence. Although he does not say so explicitly, McKinley seems to share the ideas of Anglo-Saxonism, especially that it is the duty of the United States to help "less civilized" people around the world. Ultimately, he argues that the United States is annexing the Philippines out of a sense of moral obligation, rather than imperial ambition.

briefly explain how president william howard taft's foreign policy differed from that of his predecessor, president theordore roosevelt.

Roosevelt's "big stick" policy focused on displaying U.S. power to maintain peace and stability. Taft's foreign policy, which came to be called "dollar diplomacy," placed less emphasis on military force and more on economic development. Taft used economic support to expand U.S. influence in Latin America.

the national association of colored people(NAACP) was founded in 1910 by a. african americans responding to race riots in springfield, illinois and other incidents b. political leaders responding to du boss's arguments c. progressives who intended to reform race relations d. settlement house workers shocked by race riots in springfield, illinois

a. african americans responding to race riots in springfield, illinois and other incidents

which of the following best describes a direct primary? a. all party members vote for a candidate to run in the general election b. all party members vote for delegates to the party's convention c. the party's state legislators vote for a candidate to run in the general election d. the party's state legislators vote for delegates to the party's conventions

a. all party members vote for a candidate to run in the general election

in the excerpt, when mckinley says that the philippines "dropped into our laps," he is describing the a. annexation of the philippines during the spanish-american war b. defeat of the spanish fleet by commodore george dewey c. defeat of filipino guerrillas by US military forces d. establishment of an american naval base in manilia bay

a. annexation of the philippines during the spanish-american war

according to the time line, filipinos continued to resist occupation until a. april 1902 b. december 1898 c. february 1899 d. march 1901

a. april 1902

although the united states bought raw materials from latin america in the 1800s, latin america a. bought most of its manufactured goods from europe b. exported manufactured goods to the united states c. relied on the united states for additional raw materials d. sold raw materials to europe at a much lower price

a. bought most of its manufactured goods from europe

signed into law by president william howard taft, the payne aldrich tariff a. cut tariffs significantly b. hardly cut tariffs at all c. imposed new tariffs d. raised tariffs significantly

a. cut tariffs significantly

roosevelt believed that taft's focus on breaking up trusts would a. destroy the system of cooperation and regulation roosevelt had arranged b. please progressives and help the republicans stay in power c. promote competition and lower prices for consumers d. ruin the efficiency of businesses and cause prices to rise

a. destroy the system of cooperation and regulation roosevelt had arranged

based on the descriptions of yellowstone and sequoia national park, you can conclude that a. each national park includes features such as old faithful or the giant sequoia trees b. the earliest national parks were created to preserve specific natural wonders c. the majority of national parks were created in western states d. they are the most visited parks in the national parks system

a. each national park includes features such as old faithful or the giant sequoia trees

until 1886, about one third of the population of cuba was a. enslaved b. from england c. from the US d. part of the spanish military

a. enslaved

in 1909, president taft angered progressives by replacing roosevelt's secretary of the interior, James r garfield, with a. richard a ballinger b. JP Morgan c. John Muir d. Gifford Pinchot

a. richard a ballinger

During his eight years as president, Wilson created reforms affecting tariffs, trusts, workers' rights, and a. the banking system b. civil rights c. environmental protection d. public education

a. the banking system

president roosevelt used which of the following incidents to put into practice his belief that it was his job to keep society operating efficiently by helping settle conflicts between different groups and their interests? a. the coal strike of 1902 b. the formation of northern securities c. irrigating the west d. strengthening the interstate commerce commission

a. the coal strike of 1902

when an imperial power allowed a territory to remain technically independent, with local rulers remaining in control, the territory was called a. a colony b. a protectorate c. a state d. an unincorporated territory

b. a protectorate

which of the following choices best completes the diagram above? a. allow an arbitrator to rule on whether the company was violating the law b. allow the company to correct problems privately without going to court c. promise not to break up the trust d. promise not to sue the company

b. allow the company to correct problems privately without going to court

in 1900 a group in china killed more than 200 foreigners in what came to be known as the a. beijing rebellion b. boxer rebellion c. china rebellion d. secret rebellion

b. boxer rebellion

through "gentlemen's agreements" with companies, president roosevelt sought to regulate big business without a. being criticized by business interests b. breaking up the trusts c. increasing competition d. protecting the interests of consumers

b. breaking up the trusts

what social welfare is addressed in the excerpt above? a. alcohol consumption by workers b. child labor c. urban poverty d. workplace safety

b. child labor

the graph above supports which of the following statements about US exports around the beginning of the twentieth century? a. asia was a growing market for american goods b. china purchased the least amount of US exports c. Europe became less important as a market for US goods d. vast chinese markets excited american business leaders

b. china purchased the least amount of US exports

one group of progressives wanted to improve efficient in city government and proposed that cities be run by a. city councils meted by the people b. city managers or commissioners c. mayors appointed by partied d. mayors elected by the people

b. city managers or commissioners

critics of the plan to annex the philippines argued that the cost would outweigh the economic benefits that imperialism violated american principles, and that a. filipinos were likely to rebel against american control b. competition from filipino labor would drive down american wages c. filipinos would not be capable of living under american democracy d. opening new markets would actually harm american businesses

b. competition from filipino labor would drive down american wages

some people who opposed the annexation of the Philippines believed that imperialism a. brought american ideals to people who were not ready for them b. contradicted fundamental principles of the united states c. provided a large market for american goods d. reaffirmed the US as a world power

b. contradicted fundamental principles of the united states

on july 3, 1898, american warships in santiago harbor a. caused the spanish to panic and flee b. destroyed every vessel in the spanish fleet c. fought the spanish fleet to a standstill d. secured the surrender of the spanish forces

b. destroyed every vessel in the spanish fleet

during construction of the panama canal, progress was slowed as a result of a. president roosevelt's big stick policy b. diseases that sickened workers c. objections in congress to the canal d. panama's revolt against colombia

b. diseases that sickened workers

president roosevelt used the west african saying "speak softly and carry a big stick" to express his belief that a. attacks on US interests must be met with a strong military response b. displaying US power to the world would deter nations from fighting c. imperialism violates fundamental american principles d. the US has an obligation to promote development in other nations

b. displaying US power to the world would deter nations from fighting

under president roosevelt, the power of the executive branch of government a. declined somewhat b. dramatically increased c. increased in some areas d. remained the same

b. dramatically increased

woodrow wilson called his platform of progressive reforms the new freedom because he a. believed that regulating business would increase free enterprise b. emphasized free enterprise rather than efficiency through regulation c. proposed new laws to protect workers from unsafe conditions d. supported an active role for the federal government in the economy

b. emphasized free enterprise rather than efficiency through regulation

although the progressive movement failed to address racial discrimination, african americans absorbed the reform spirit, which a. encouraged them to engage in the political process b. fueled their longstanding desire for advancement c. increased their frustration at the lack of progress uncivil rights d. led them to support progressive candidates for office

b. fueled their longstanding desire for advancement

some progressives advocated socialism, or a. the absence of government b. government ownership of business c. government regulation of business d. private ownership of business

b. government ownership of business

after the spanish american war, congress gradually puerto ricans self government, and in 1917 it a. allowed puerto ricans to elect their own governor b. granted puerto ricans US citizenship c. granted statehood to puerto rico d. recognized puerto rico as an independent nation

b. granted puerto ricans US citizenship

under the treaty of paris, the US acquired the philippines, puerto Rico, and a. cuba b. guam c. panama d. samoa

b. guam

cuban rebels rose up against the spainsh in 1895, when cuba was a. an american protectorate b. in financial distress c. granted autonomy by spain d. a US trading partner

b. in financial distress

which of the following progressive reforms permitted citizens to introduce legislation and required legislatures to vote on the legislation? a. direct primary b. initiative c. recall d. referendum

b. initiative

in 1891 US president william mckinley faced strong pressure to go to war against spain, including public anger over the explosion of the USS Maine and a. calls for assistance from cuban rebels b. jingoism within the republican party c. panic among americans in cuba d. war fever within the US military

b. jingoism within the republican party

as the US industrialized, may americans concluded that the nation needed new overseas markets to a. compete with latin american nations b. keep its economy strong c. protect its overseas investments d. provide inexpensive labor

b. keep its economy strong

Under the policy known as "dollar diplomacy", president taft supported latin american industry in order to increase trade and profits for US business and a. exert influence over the governments of latin american countries b. lift latin america countries out of poverty and social disorder c. prevent european countries from intervening in latin america d. protect US investments in latin america from local rebellions

b. lift latin america countries out of poverty and social disorder

the roosevelt corollary states that the US would intervene in latin american affairs when necessary to a. extend american influence in central and south america b. maintain economic and political stability in the western hemisphere c. protect american business interests and investment in latin america d. shape the less civilized nations in the western hemisphere

b. maintain economic and political stability in the western hemisphere

in 1899 US secretary of state john may asked countries with leaseholds in china a. not to use their influence to close chances markets to other nations b. not to discriminate against other nations doing business in their sphere of influence c. to demand compensation for damages incurred during the boxer rebellion d. to establish a system for defending their interests from rebellions in china

b. not to discriminate against other nations doing business in their sphere of influence

in 1894, the US caused an economic crisis in cuba by a. blockading the island b. passing a tariff on sugar c. preventing trade with spain c. withdrawing american investments

b. passing a tariff on sugar

like president roosevelt, president wilson expanded both the role of the federal government and the a. important of the banks b. power of the president c. role of big businesses d. strength of the economy

b. power of the president

in the election of 1912, theodore roosevelt became the presidential candidate of the newly formed a. independent party b. populist party c. progressive party .d. republican party

c. progressive party

in the late 1800's, many european nations were looking overseas for places to sell their goods because a. asia and africa were producing goods that europeans wanted b. tariffs had reduced trade among industrialized nations c. they could sell their goods at higher prices in asia and africa d. hey were producing more than other industrialized nations could buy

b. tariffs had reduced trade among industrialized nations

president wilson followed roosevelt's example in the caribbean, sending troops to intervene in haiti and in a. cuba b. the dominican republic c. guatemala d. panama

b. the dominican republic

which of the following statements best describes the effectiveness of the spanish military during the spanish american war? a. the spanish fleet was effective, but spanish soldiers were ill prepared b. the spanish military was ill prepared and ineffective c. the spanish military was prepared for battle and very effective d. spanish soldiers were highly effective, but the spanish fleet was not prepared

b. the spanish military was ill prepared and ineffective

president roosevelt believed that having a canal through central america would save time and money for commercial and military shipping and a. was necessary for maintaining influence in asia b. was vital to US power in the world c. would benefit the people of central america d. would establish a new market for US goods

b. was vital to US power in the world

who formed the National Woman's Party, whose members picketed and went on hunger strikes in support of suffrage? a. Carrie Chapman Catt b. Lucretia Mott c. Alice Paul d. Lucy Stone

c. Alice Paul

which of the following laws authorized the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects? a. expedition act b. the hepburn act c. Newlands reclamation Act d. the payne-aldrich tariff

c. Newlands reclamation Act

in the commission form of city government, policies are carried out by a. appointed officials b. a city council c. elected officials d. a mayor

c. elected officials

passed by congress in 1914, the clayton antitrust act outlawed practices that restricted competition but a. allowed price discrimination b. did not break up monopolies c. exempted labor unions d. permitted unfair trade practices

c. exempted labor unions

president woodrow wilson believed that lower tariff rates would lead american companies to a. form larger trusts b. go out of business c. improve products and lower prices d. invest in foreign companies

c. improve products and lower prices

today, the philippines are an a. american commonwealth b. american protectorate c. independent country d. unincorporated territory

c. independent country

the treaty of kanagawa gave the US trading rights at two ports in a. china b. hawaii c. japan d. the philippines

c. japan

to prevent any nations from controlling trade in china, president theodore roosevelt helped negotiate a resolution to a war between a. china and japan b. japan and england c. japan and russia d. china and russia

c. japan and russia

to ensure that all nations would have access to china's markets, president mckinley and secretary of state john hay pursued which of the following policies? a. dollar diplomacy b. imperialism c. open door policy d. the roosevelt corollary

c. open door policy

president wilson decided to intervene in mexico in 1914 in the hope of a. forcing our german forces b. increasing US influence there c. overthrowing General Huerta d. promoting democracy there

c. overthrowing General Huerta

under a graduated income tax, a person with a large income a. is required to make more frequent tax payments b. pays less income tax than a person with a small income c. pays more income tax than a person with a small income d. receives an exemption for a portion of his or her income

c. pays more income tax than a person with a small income

when he took office, president woodrow wilson opposed imperialism and wanted the US to a. compete aggressively with european powers for global influence b. engage in free trade with nations ancestral and latin america c. promote democracy to create a world of free revolution and war d. retreat from any involvement in the affairs of foreign nations

c. promote democracy to create a world of free revolution and war

in 1899 the US established American samoa as a a. client state b. colony c. protectorate d. territory

c. protectorate

under a federal reserve system, banks would have to keep part of their deposits in one of 12 reserve banks, which would a. allow banks to offer higher interest rates to costumers b. encourage banks to make more loans to businesses c. provide a cushion against unexpected financial losses d. protect banks from competition with foreign institutions

c. provide a cushion against unexpected financial losses

at the first pan american conference, the US wanted latin american delegates to agree to a customs union, which would a. establish an organization for mutual defense b. make latin american nations protectorates of the US c. require the US and latin american nations to reduce their tariffs d. set up a cultural exchange so nations could learn about each other's histories

c. require the US and latin american nations to reduce their tariffs

the foreign policy of president roosevelt's successor, william howard taft, differed from roosevelt's because a. roosevelt placed more emphasis on diplomacy and less on the use of military force b. roosevelt supported the open door policy in china and taft did not c. taft placed less emphasis on military force and more on economic development d. taft supported intervening in latin america to preserve stability and roosevelt did not

c. taft placed less emphasis on military force and more on economic development

on may 1, 1898, commodore george dewey led his squadron into Manilia bay in a. cuba b. hawaii c. the philippines d. spain

c. the Philippines

Progressives generally believed that industrialization and urbanization had created many social problems, including working class poverty and a. the decline of religious belief b. the failure of many businesses c. the filth and crime of urban society d. the spread of violent racism

c. the filth and crime of urban society

president roosevelt thought that large business organizations were part of the reason for american prosperity, but he also believed that a. large businesses would not abuse their power b. industrialization threatened the nation's natural resources c. the monopoly power of some trusts hurt the public interest d. acting against trusts would divide the republican party

c. the monopoly power of some trusts hurt the public interest

in addition to economic motives, many americans supported overseas expansion because they believed that a. american military might should be unrivaled in the world b. european imperialism threatened to harm less-developed nations in asia and africa c. the nation was destined to expand overseas and spread its civilization to others d. the United states had much to learn from less developed nations

c. the nation was destined to expand overseas and spread its civilization to others

based on the map above, by 1900 the US had become a major power in the Caribbean and in a. Africa b. China c. the pacific d. south america

c. the pacific

formed as a result of the pan american conference of 1889, the commercial bureau of the american republics is known today as the a. north american free trade agreement b. north atlantic treaty organization c. pan american union d. organization of american states

d. organization of american states

created in 1914, the federal take commission (FTC) has the power to investigate companies an issue "cease and desist" orders against engaging in a. building monopolies that hurt consumers b. illegal practices such as bribing officials c. unfair trade practices that hurt competition d. violation of the laws protecting workers

c. unfair trade practices that hurt competition

according to du bois, the journal of the NAACP was title the crisis because it a. advised african american readers how to respond to emergencies b. focused on the dangers faced by many african americans c. was published at a critical moment in american history d. responded to the 1908 race riots in springfield, illinois

c. was published at a critical moment in american history

In October 1911, president taft announced an antitrust lawsuit against a. the burlington railroad b. JP morgan c. standard oil d. US steel

d. US steel

in the late 1890s. russia, germany, france, and britian demanded "leaseholds" in china that would give each country a. an advantage over the US b. a market for chinese goods c. a protectorate in asia d. a sphere of influence in china

d. a sphere of influence in china

president taft created the bureau of mines to monitor the activities of mining companies, protect waterpower sites from private development, and a. create national seashores b. curb industrial pollution c. encourage hunting laws d. expand the national forests

d. expand the national forests

according to chart, which form of city government has a mayor elected by voters? a. commissioner form only b. council-manager and mayor-council forms c. council manager form only d. mayor council form only

d. mayor council form only

which of the following statements is most likely accurate, based on the map above? a. the first national parks were created by theodore roosevelt b. national parks attracted thousands of visitors each year c. the national parks system continued to grow after roosevelt's presidency d. no national parks were established eat of the mississippi river

d. no national parks were established eat of the mississippi river

spanish general valerian wheyier herded hundreds of thousands of rural cubans into "reconcentration camps" in order to a. damage american investments in cuba b. encourage american intervention in cuba c. exterminate cuban rebel forces d. prevent them from aiding cuban rebels

d. prevent them from aiding cuban rebels

as the progressive movement gained momentum, many women realized that they needed the vote to a. achieve equality in the workplace b. amend the constitution c. elect candidates who supported woman suffrage d. promote reforms and pass labor laws

d. promote reforms and pass labor laws

to give europeans less reason to intervene in latin american affairs, president taft's administration worked to a. build up the militaries of latin american allies b. deploy US battleships to latin america c. negotiate treaties with major european powers d. replace european loans with loans from US banks

d. replace european loans with loans from US banks

most progressives shared a strong faith in a. the commitment of politicians to serve the people b. foreign trade c. the market's ability to solve social problems d. science and technology

d. science and technology

wisconsin became known as "the laboratory of democracy" because of it a. antitrust laws b. consumer protection laws c. efforts for woman suffrage d. support for direct primaries

d. support for direct primaries

in the election of 1912, theodore roosevelt proper increasing regulation, favored laws to protect women and children in the labor force, and a. advocated woman suffrage b. criticized large trusts c. promoted utility regulatory boards d. supported workers' compensation

d. supported workers' compensation

the US became an imperial power as a result of a. the boxer rebellion b. the open door policy c. the pan american conference d. the spanish american war

d. the spanish american war

the US gained control over the philippines as a result of a. dollar diplomacy b. the open door policy c. the pan american conference d. the spanish american war

d. the spanish american war

which of the following events led to the creation of a Factory Investigating Commission? a. devastating hurricane in Galveston, Texas, in 1900 b. the founding of the NAACP in 1910 c. the publication of Upton sinclair's the jungle in 1906 d. the triangle shirtwaist factory fire in 1911

d. the triangle shirtwaist factory fire in 1911

on the time line above, which of the following sentences could be added to the entry for february 1899? a. filipino resistance against spain ends b. the philippines gain independence from spain c. the united states agrees to pay $20 million for the philippines d. the united states annexes the philippines

d. the united states annexes the philippines

what was the main goal of progressive government reforms, according to the chart? a. to give industries more control over government b. to give the federal government more power over state governments c. to give US industries a better change to compete in foreign markets d. to give voters more control over government

d. to give voters more control over government

at the pan-american conference, secretary of states james g blaine wanted to create a customs union with low tariffs, in the hope that it would a. drive profits higher for american and european manufactures b. increase the price of american products in latin america c. lower the price of raw materials from latin america d. turn the latin americans away from european products

d. turn the latin americans away from european products

to manage timber resources in the west, president roosevelt established the a. bureau of mines b. department of commerce and labor c. national park service d. united states forest service

d. united states forest service

under president taft, the republican party split into 2 groups:the progressives and conservative republicans, who a. favored tariff reduction b. supported reform efforts c. wanted to reduce regulation d. wanted to maintain high tariffs

d. wanted to maintain high tariffs

president wilson supported banking reform because periodic economic depressions had destroyed numerous small banks and a. caused larger banks to form monopolies b. increased public support for regulating business c. required loans from the federal government d. wiped out many of the customers' life savings

d. wiped out many of the customers' life savings

based on the chart above, progressives generally supported reforms that would improve the lives of a. business owners b. commissioners c. politicians d. workers

d. workers