Chapter 5

Which descriptor would be LEAST appropriate for someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the cognitive perspective? A)"Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow." B)"I'm a bit of a control freak." C)"It seems that I am always more down than my friends." D)"I'm having a bit of trouble separating my thoughts from reality. I'm afraid if I think it, it will actually happen."

A)"Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow."

Compare the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy. A)Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy. B)Client-centered therapy is vastly superior to placebo therapy. C)There is no difference, indicating client-centered therapy is not a useful approach. D)Surprising research indicates placebo therapy is more effective than client-centered therapy.

A)Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety? A)Fear of public speaking B)Fear of heights C)Fear of tornados when a tornado warning is in effect D)Fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others

A)Fear of public speaking

Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines? A)Lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity B)Return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn C)Impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning D)Physical dependence on the drug

A)Lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity

What is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias? A)Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias, B)Outcomes for specific phobias are contingent on the type of phobia the individual has. C)Treatment for agoraphobia is easier to implement than treatment for specific phobias. D)Treatment for agoraphobia is more successful than treatment for specific phobias, but it is more expensive and time-consuming.

A)Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias,

Rosa's heart was racing from the four cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a: A)panic attack. B)manic episode. C)specific phobia. D)social phobia.

A)panic attack.

Sebastian was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Sebastian noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a: A)panic attack. B)phobic disorder. C)generalized anxiety disorder. D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

A)panic attack.

A person says, "I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the BEST answer would be: A)"That's the best advice your therapist could have given." B)"Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse." C)"Drug therapy works especially well in combination with short-termpsychodynamic therapy; cognitive-behavioral therapies don't help much." D)"Unfortunately, no therapy works very well in the long run for most people with social anxiety disorder."

B)"Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse."

A person recently was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder. A)elementary; more B)high; more C)elementary; less D)high; less

B)high; more

According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts: A) the scrubbing represents a healthy coping response. B)the immoral images represent id impulses. C)the superego is helping the person to avoid id impulses. D)ego defenses are not present.

B)the immoral images represent id impulses.

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using: A)cognitive-existential therapy. B)client-centered therapy. C)rational-emotive therapy. D)acceptance and commitment therapy.

C)rational-emotive therapy.

Which is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety? A)Unwillingness to eat in front of others B)Fear of public speaking C)Apprehension about being evaluated by others D)Anxiety about walking in front of others

C)Apprehension about being evaluated by others

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related? A)Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring. B)Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions. C)Compulsions help people control their obsessions. D)Obsessions are not related to compulsions.

C)Compulsions help people control their obsessions.

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use? A)Role-playing B)Feedback C)Modeling D)Reinforcement

C)Modeling

A major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck is the: A)notion that anxiety is caused by self-doubt. B)idea that anxiety is heightened when a person does not receive empathy. C)belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety. D)focus on the genetic component of anxiety.

C)belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety.

Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder, based on differences in the: A)way the amygdala works in each disorder. B)alarm and escape response in the brain. C)brain circuitry involved in the two disorders. D)heritability of the two disorders.

C)brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.

When he was 5 years old, Sunil was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by: A)operant conditioning. B)modeling and imitation. C)classical conditioning. D)stimulus generalization.

C)classical conditioning.

When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Ever since then, Marianela has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the: A)conditioned response. B)unconditioned response. C)conditioned stimulus. D)unconditioned stimulus.

C)conditioned stimulus.

According to sociocultural theorists, generalized anxiety disorder is LEAST likely to develop in people who: A)live near a nuclear power plant. B)are scared of violence in their neighborhood. C)have a lot of free time to think and ruminate about their problems. D)struggle to pay their bills.

C)have a lot of free time to think and ruminate about their problems.

People with panic disorder experience body sensations: A)similar to those people without panic disorder. B)that are different from the body sensations experienced by those people without panic disorder. C)more intensely than those people without panic disorder. D)that do not occur at all in those people without panic disorder.

C)more intensely than those people without panic disorder.

How do phobias and common fear differ? A)Fear more dramatically interferes with a person's life. B)Fear relates to intangible objects, whereas a phobia is specific to tangible things. C)A phobia causes physiological changes, whereas fear causes cognitive changes. D)A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

D)A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

.Which statement is NOT usually true of those persons with body dysmorphic disorder? A)They are concerned about a particular part of their body. B)They reduce contacts with others. C)About half seek surgical or dermatological treatments. D)Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.

D)Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.

Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias? A)Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning. B)Phobias are almost always a result of classical conditioning. C)Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning. D)Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning.

D)Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning.

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with: A)panic disorder and specific phobia. B)panic disorder. C)agoraphobia and panic disorder. D)agoraphobia.

D)agoraphobia.

Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat. When this happens, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has developed panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly. Eldon apparently has a high degree of: A)fear. B)anxiety. C)obsessive imagery. D)anxiety sensitivity.

D)anxiety sensitivity.

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training, and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called: A)modeling. B)flooding. C)implosive therapy. D)systematic desensitization.

D)systematic desensitization.