Chapter 5 Exam nutrition Study guide

Phospholipid-

compounds that consists of a glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acids molecules and to phosphate group with a nitrogen containing component (Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions which make them good emulsifiers

17. Explain what desaturation of a fatty acid results in.

desaturation is the insertion of double bonds into fatty acids to change them into new fatty acids

List the nutrient that supplies about 60% of the body's resting energy.

dietary and stored fat

Visceral Fat-

fat stored by the organs

Subcutaneous Fat-

fat stores under the skin

Triglyceride-

fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule.

List food sources that are most likely to decrease cholesterol absorption.

foods rich in soluble fiber such as fruits veggies ...

15. List examples of carbohydrate, protein and fat based fat substitutes.

glucose, amino acid and olestra

List the fat that would be best to use if a food manufacturer was developing a new cracker that had a longer shelf life than other crackers

hydrolysis

List food sources of cholesterol

soybeans, salmon, tuna

List the category of lipids in which fats and oils are found.

triglycerides

Sterol-

A category of lipids shat includes cholesterol sterols are hydrocarbons with several rings in their structures

Cholescystokinin-

A hormone produced by cells in the small intestine that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.

List whether or not table sugar contains fat

no

Steatorrhea-

production of stools with an abnormally high amount of fat

List where most fat absorption takes place.

small intestine

16. List and briefly explain the functions of fat in the body.

stores energy

HDL-

the blood lipoprotein that contain high levels of protein and low levels of triglycerides.

Fats are generally cleared from the bloodstream _____ hours after a meal.

10

Cis Fats-

Unsaturated fatty acid in which in the hydrogens surrounding a double bond are both on the same side of the carbon chain causing a bend in the chain.

Trans Fats-

Unsaturated fatty acid in which the hydrogen surrounding a double bond are on opposite sides of the carbon chain

Adipose Tissue-

Body fat tissue

LDL-

The cholesterol rich lipoprotein that results from the breakdown and removal of triglycerides from intermediate density lipoprotein in the blood

List the hormone that signals the release of bile

...Cholecystokinin (CCK)

List a food that phospholipids are an important ingredient in.

...Egg yolks, liver, soybeans and peanuts

List where most cholesterol in the body is manufactured (pg 196)

...mainly the liver but also the intestines

List the condition that is most likely to result in steatorrhea

...malabsorption of fat

A triglyceride molecule has three _____ attached to a glycerol.

Fatty acid

List the largest category of lipids.

Triglycerides