Chapter 5 Identifications (Civics)

James Madison

In 1787 James Madison was a Virginia delegate and a founding father of the United States for the constitutional convention. He was known for writing the Virginia Plan and He was a supporter for a strong federal government. he also composed the first drafts of the bill of rights

Popular Sovereignty

Popular Sovereignty is the governments right to rule comes from the people. it was proclaimed as a founding principle of the United States, it is one of the six foundational principles of the U.S constitution.

Rule of Law

The rule of law is the idea that laws are followed, and that they apply to everyone equally. it states that no one is above the law. The rule of law is the most significant and influential accomplishment of Western constitutional thinking

Three-fiths Compromise

The three fifths compromise was an agreement between the Northern and Southern states during the constitutional convention in 1787. The compromise started as an argument between the northern and southern states because the northern states did not want to count the slaves because they were property and the southern states wanted to count them as the population so they could get more representation in congress to strengthen their political power. So two representatives James Wilson and Roger Sherman came up with the three-fifths compromise which counted every 3 out 5 slaves as the population.

Articles 4-7

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Edmund Randolph

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Executive Branch

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Judicial Branch

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Office of the Citizen

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Bicameral

A Bicameral legislature is where the legislatures are divided into two seperate houses.A bicameral is important because it helps balance out the legislative power. During the writing of the constitution there was an agrument among the smaller states and larger states concerning legislative representation.

Supremacy Clause

A clause within Article 6 of the U. constittution which orders federal law F

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton was one of the writers of the federalists papers whiwh was promoting the ratification of the constitution. His to the convention was the introduction and defense of the Hamilton plan on June 18, 1787, that argued neither the Virginia Plan nor the New Jersey Plan were adequate to the task at hand. He wanted a strong central government chosen to represent New York among others at the convention.

Great Compromise of 1787

Also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was one of the most important compromise during the drafting of the constitution in 1787. The delegates were trying to figure out a way each state would be represented in congress. The smaller states wanted their states to have the same representatives as the larger states. because they figured they would be in a minority and be under-represented in congress. So they came up with a system where all states regardless of population, would have the same number of congressional representatives. The Great compromise was important because it decided the government plan for the United States it was the compromise between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey Plan.

Checks and Balances

By creating three branches of government, the delegates built a "checks and balance" system into the constitution. The system was built so each branch of government can limit the powers of the others. this way no branch becomes to strong.

Federalism

Federalism is a division of power between the federal government and the individual state governments. it was a political solution for the problems with the articles of the confederation which gave a little authority to the federal government.The framers of the United States Constitution based our federal government on federalism Significance: It shares power between the national and state government

Articles of Confederation

On June 11, 1776 The Continental Congress wrote the Articles of Confederation during the revolutionary war. it was written to give the states some sense of a unified government. it was the first constitution of the United States. The Articles of Confederation had major flaws, it had no power of national taxation, no power to control trade, and a similarly weak executive, So it could not enforce legislation. It was a league of friendship which was opposed to any type of national authority. The greatest weakness of the articles was that it only knew state sovereignty. So each state had the ability to collect its own taxes, issue currency, and provide for their own militia.

Patrick Henry

Patrick Henry was a leader of the anti-federalists. He helped gain the adoption of the bill of rights. BY 1798 he supported the federalists. Significance: Pushed for a bill of rights

Ratification

Ratification means to approve of something. The constitution was ratified on March 21, 1789

Anti federalists

The Anti federalists supported a national weak government and strong government too. Anti federalists feared that a strong central government would endanger the people's liberties.

Constitutional Convention

The Constitutional Convention to place from May 25 to September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, it was called to address the problems in governing the United States. Which had been operating on the Articles of Confederation. The convention was meant to revise the articles of confederation, it actually was creating a new one

Federalists Paper

The Federalists papers was a collection of 85 articles and essays, written in 1787-1788 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. They were promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. it explained how the government would operate and why it was the best choice for the United States. The Significance: The Federalists papers outlined the form of government preferred by the federalists.

Federalists

The Federalists were the supporters of the new constitution. they were well organized and well funded. The federalists argued that individual states might not be able to protect themselves against foreign countries. They stated that a strong national government would provide protection, maintain order, regulate trade, and guarantee the rights of citizens.

House of Representatives

The House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States. it was first assembled in 1789 It is the lowest house of the U.S congress .The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that effects the entire country. it has the power to initiate taxes, impeach officials, and elect President . It is a part of a bicameral Legislation

Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch was established by the Article 1 of the constitution. it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate which form the congress. it was created in 1787 at the constitutional convention. The legislative Branch also makes the laws that protect our basic fundamental rights Significance:Part of a system of checks and balances still used present day provides bothe equal and proportional representation

New Jersey Plan

The New Jersey Plan was introduced on June 15, 1787 by William Paterson which was an option on how the government would be run it presented the idea that each state would have one vote in congress instead of the number of votes based on the population. It was also meant to be an alternative to the Virginia Plan.This was to protect the interests of the smaller states from being over powered by the larger states

Senate

The Senate is a legislative house in the bicameral legislature of the U.S. First assembled in 1789, 2 senators each represent a U.S state

Virginia Plan

The Virginia Plan was created by James Madison but presented by the governor of Virginia Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787. It was to present the idea of a bicameral form of legislature which consisted of two houses. it wanted to have the number of votes each state received in congress to be based on population not every state getting one vote. The purpose of the plan was to protect the larger states interests in the new government.

The Branches of the Federal Government

The delegates at the 1787 convention created a system of checks and balances between legislative, executive, and judicial branches in an attempt to resolve issues such as tyrannny and monarchy. Legislative branch makes laws, judicial branch is represented by the supreme court. the executive branch carries out laws passed by the legislative branch

Necessary and Proper Clause

The framers wrote the necessary and proper clause under article 1 of the constitution. This principle states that the source of govermental power lies with the people. This belief comes fom the concept of the Social Contract and the idea that government should be for the benefit of its citizens.

Goals of the Constitution

The goals of the constitution was 1. To form a more perfect union 2.Establish Justice 3. Insure domestic tranquility 4. Provide for the common defense 5. Promote for the general welfare 6.Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and prosperity