Chapter 5: Integumentary System

which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?

stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly

a small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it _____.

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

the deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the

stratum basale

the layer of the epidermis at the exposed surfaces is the

stratum corneum

the epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

stratum granulosum

when a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis?

the blood supply to the skin decreases

the type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)

third-degree burn

melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from _______.

ultraviolet radiation

What happens when the arrector pili muscles contact?

"goose bumps" are formed

when the body is overheated, the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels

a "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)

abrasion

the condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

acne

the glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called _____ glands.

apocrine

what is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar connective tissue

which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

the correct order of the cell layers or stata in a section of think skin from the basement membrane toward the free surface

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum

exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

can slowly increase melanocyte activity

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow:

carotene

glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ______ glands.

ceruminous

nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in

controlling blood flow to the dermis and epidermis

the skin is also called the ______

cutaneous membrane

the blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the _____ in the hypodermis, at its border with reticular layer of the dermis

cutaneous plexus

shafts of hair are comprised of

dead, keratinized epidermal cells

the dermis is composed largely of

dense irregular connective

epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the

dermis

the highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

dermis

as cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface they

die and keratinize

what is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane

epidermis dermis hypodermis

through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

evaporation

during skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of _______, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.

fibrin

which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

first-degree

during the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?

granulation tissue

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?

hair matrix

the loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis

what is the function of melanin?

it protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation

the protein that contributes to many of skin's protective qualities is called

keratin

the pale crescent area of the nail is called the

lunula

modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called _____ glands.

mammary

in albinism, _____ is lacking

melanin

the most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from

melanocytes

the nail ______ covers the nail bed.

nail plate

drugs suspended in ____ or_____ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells

oils; lipid-soluble solvents

thick skin can be found on the

palma and planta

which of he following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

functions of the skin include

regulating body temp, protection, synthesis and storage, sensory reception, excretion and secretion

merocrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

the _____ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin

reticular

the fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the

Eponychium (cuticle)