chapter 5: introduction to linux

the ______ directory contains the binary files needed to run all the basic programs used on Linux, including many navigation and file manipulation tools. A) /bin B) /sbin C) /boot D) /dev

A) /bin

The ______ is where configuration files controlling software in use by system are kept. If you need to configure a service on a Linux system, or change networking or other core settings, this is the first place to look. A) /etc B) /home C) /lib D) /root

A) /etc

There are many versions of Linux OS. The most famous is ______operating system for phones. A) Android B) Windows C) Unix D) Mobile

A) Android

In Linux terminal command line, "cd" stands for ______. A) copy directory B) change directory C) copy default D) change default

B) change directory

the ______ license will typically not require adherence to any parent restrictions as long as the original work is attributed in derivatives. Examples of such licenses are the BSD, MIT, and Apache licenses A) attribution B) permissive C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

B) permissive

In Ubuntu APT, the sources.list file divides available software into multiple repositories that fall into one or more of the four types. ______ packages are officially supported, but are built with closed source software (CSS). Proprietary graphics drivers will often fall into category A) main B) restricted C) universe D) multiverse

B) restricted

the ______ of Creative Commons requires the original license conditions to be included in all future distributions and copies. A) attribution B) share-alike C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

B) share-alike

Linux users have difficulty finding the applications they want because of limited resources. A)True B)False

B)False

UEFI searches the system storage for a partition that includes ______ and other utilities A) Power-On Self-Test (POST) B) Basic Input Output System (BIOS) C) bootloaders D) firmware

C) bootloaders

a(n) ______file can contain a complete OS image. A) docx B) png C) iso D) os

C) iso

The Linux kernel is released onto the GPL, which is under ______ group of licenses A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

A) Free Software Foundation (FSF)

The ______ wants software to be free so that it allows users the freedom to do whatever they like with it A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

A) Free Software Foundation (FSF)

New releases of Linux come out frequently. The ______ releases are built to be as stable as possible using only fully tested software and configurations. The reliability of such configurations makes it possible for the distro managers to continue to provide security and feature updates to a release for as long as 5 years A) LTS B) NLL C) NVL D) NFR

A) LTS

which of the following is not true about Linux? A) Linux will replace Windows OS as number one in the market in a couple of years B) More and more enterprise server are going to Linux C) Linux is very popular on cloud D) Linux is efficient in the way it uses resources

A) Linux will replace Windows OS as number one in the market in a couple of years

Which of the following statements about the Linux kernel is true? A) The Linux kernel is handled by the installation and update processes used by the distribution you choose B) it is uncommon for distributions to largely ignore non-critical kernel releases for several choose C) if you want to install Linux, you have to download and install Linux kernel first. D) Distributions of Linux is updated as soon as the Linux kernel updated

A) The Linux kernel is handled by the installation and update processes used by the distribution you choose

the ______ of Creative Commons allows redistribution and modification as long as the creator attribution is included A) attribution B) copyleft C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

A) attribution

the operating system is a piece of software in a computer that manages all of the ______, such as keyboard, mouse, printer, RAM, and all of the other ______. A) hardware, software B) applications, software C) peripheral, hardware D) peripheral, software

A) hardware, software

There are tons of free software in Ubuntu software center and It is easy to get help on the Internet because of the ______. A) large community B) free operating system C) free internet D) nice software engineers

A) large community

In Linux terminal command line, "ls" stands for ______. A) list B) last C) linuxes D) links

A) list

In ubuntu APT, The sources.list file divides available software into multiple repositories that fall into one or more of the four types. packages available through ______ are officially supported by canonical (publisher of Ubuntu) and consist exclusively of open source software A) main B) restricted C) universe D) multiverse

A) main

where would you least likely see Linux in use (percentage) A) personal computers B) enterprise servers C) cloud D) internet of things(IoT)

A) personal computers

In Linux command line, the ______ allows you to elevate your current user account to have root privileges temporarily A) sudo B) elevate C) root D) root temporarily

A) sudo

In Linux command line, using ______ is a good practice to protect the user's computer from being used as a tool of exploitation. whenever a user tries to install, remove or change any piece of software, she has to have root privileges to perform such task A) sudo B) install C) root D) root temporarily

A) sudo

The ______ directory contians directories where the owners of user accounts can store their private files A) /etc B) /home C) /lib D) /root

B) /home

the main difference between the /bin and /sbin is that the ______directory is intended for system binaries or binaries that administrators will use to manage the system. A) /bin B) /sbin C) /boot D) /dev

B) /sbin

which of the following is Not a major Foss license group A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

B) International Free Software (IFS)

What will command "history" do in Linux command line? A) It displays all available command up to 1000. B) It displays all commands you issued up to 1000. C) It displays all available command you can issue under current environment up to 1000. D) It displays the most recent 10 commands you issued

B) It displays all commands you issued up to 1000.

There are many versions of Linux OS. There is a distribution specially optimized for scientific and advanced mathematical applications called ______. A) SciLin B) Scientific Linux C) Kali Linux D) Raspbian

B) Scientific Linux

Computers need firmware to load a boot loader program that will load the whole OS kernel in stages. Modern Linux uses ______for that purpose. The older technique is called ______ A) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Old Extensible Firmware Interface (OEFI) B) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Basic Input Output System (BIOS) C) Basic Input Output System (BIOS), Old Extensible Firmware Interface (OEFI) D) Basic Input Output System (BIOS), Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

B) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

The programming code of any Linux component will ______ for anyone to download, modify, and do just about anything they might want with it, even profiting from their own customized versions. A) cost very little B) be freely available, C) cost a fraction of commercial software D) cost about the same as any other operating system

B) be freely available,

the creative commons share-alike condition and FSF's GPL are related to the ______ distributions A) attribution B) copyleft C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

B) copyleft

Oracle VM virtual box is cross-platform virtualization software, also know as ______. it allows users to extend to run multiple operating system at the same time A) supervisor B) hypervisor C) virtual LAN D) virtual OS

B) hypervisor

if you want to know which spelling dictionary the Ubuntu uses to check your spelling, which command would you use? A) language B) locale C) dictionary D) spelling

B) locale

non-copy left open source licenses are often referred to as ______ A) attribution B) permissive C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

B) permissive

The ______ file that lives in the etc/apt directory contains all the repository information the APT system will need to do its job A) sources.txt B) sources.list C) apt.txt D) apt.list

B) sources.list

There are many ways to install Linux and even more ways to pick a distribution. In this book, you learned how to install ______ on ______ A) kali, Oracle VM virtual box B) ubuntu, Oracle VM virtual box C) kali, Windows D) ubuntu, Windows

B) ubuntu, Oracle VM virtual box

the ______ directory is home to the Linux images and boot configuration files that are needed to control successful system startup A) /bin B) /sbin C) /boot D) /dev

C) /boot

the ______ directory is used for software libraries needed by binary programs. A) /etc B) /home C) /lib D) /root

C) /lib

The ______ directory is meant for files whose content is likely to be updated often. This includes logs, email messages, and application cache. A) /etc B) /home C) /var D) /root

C) /var

When an OS-specific bootloader is identified, it is read into memory and takes over the boot process. The bootloader in Linux is called ______. A) Power-On Self-Test (POST) B) Basic Input Output System (BIOS) C) GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) D) New Linux Bootloader (NLBL)

C) GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)

There are many versions of Linux OS. If you learning network security testing and management, you will see ______. A) SciLin B) Scientific Linux C) Kali Linux D) Raspbian

C) Kali Linux

The original Linux kernel was created by ______ in the ______ and then donated to the public A) Linus Torvalds, early 1970's B) Steve Jobs, early 1970's C) Linus Torvalds, early 1990's D) Steve Jobs, early 1990's

C) Linus Torvalds, early 1990's

The Linux environment consists of three kinds of software: ______ A) Linux memory, desktop interface, and customization B) Linux memory, Linux kernel, and customization C) Linux kernel, desktop interface, and customization D) Linux kernel, desktop interface, and CPU

C) Linux kernel, desktop interface, and customization

The ______ believes that there should be more flexible licensing arrangements available if open source is to achieve the greatest impact possible on the software market. It focus on the availability of the source code and an unrestricted driven development. A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

C) Open source initiative (OSI)

licenses that closely align with ______ goals include the Berkeley software distribution (BSD), which require little more than that redistributions display the original software's copyright notice and disclaimer A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

C) Open source initiative (OSI)

which of the following is not an element of Creative Commons (CC) copyright licenses? A) attribution B) share-alike C) copyright-free D) non-commercial

C) copyright-free

In Linux terminal command line, "less" ______. A) removes portion of a file B) shows less files in a directory C) displays the content of a file, one page at a time D) displays less sub directories in a directory

C) displays the content of a file, one page at a time

Distributions are often grouped into ______. Rather than having to re-invent the wheel, other communities might fork ______ versions of that parent distro, add their own customizations, and distribute it under a new name A) groups, derivative B) groups, branch C) families, derivative D) families, branch

C) families, derivative

TO apply updates or patches on Ubuntu, you have to use command line A) true B) false C) kind of true D) kind of false

C) kind of true

to find where you are within your file system directory tree at any given time, which command would you use? A) location B) locale C) pwd D) now

C) pwd

In Linux terminal command line, "/" indicates ______ directory. A) no B) one C) top-level root D) last

C) top-level root

In Ubuntu APT, the sources.list file divides available software into multiple repositories that fall into one or more of the four types. The ______ repo contains open source software maintained by the larger community, not by Canonical A) main B) restricted C) universe D) multiverse

C) universe

the ______ contains files representing and providing control over all physical and virtual devices in use by the system. A) /bin B) /sbin C) /boot D) /dev

D) /dev

The ______ directory is used by the root user, although for security reasons admins normally won't log in as the root user, so this is a directory that won't normally get a lot of use. A) /etc B) /home C) /lib D) /root

D) /root

The ______ license allows creators of any intellectual property to choose exactly the rights they wish to reserve for themselves. they can select between any combination of four elements. A) Free Software Foundation (FSF) B) International Free Software (IFS) C) Open source initiative (OSI) D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

D) Creative Commons (CC) copyright incenses

______ is a way to virtualize storage devices. It turns multiple physical drives on your system into a single large volume group first. Then, you can create many logical volumes from that large volume group. It avoids wasted left over storage space. A) Logical Volume Devices (LVD) B) Virtual Storage Manager (VSM) C) Virtual Storage Devices (VSD) D) Logical Volume manager (LVM)

D) Logical Volume manager (LVM)

When a computer is powered on, the firmware first performs the ______then runs the ______ code A) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Old Extensible Firmware Interface (OEFI) B) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Basic Input Output System (BIOS) C) Power-On Self-Test (POST), Old Extensible Firmware Interface (OEFI) D) Power-On Self-Test (POST), Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

D) Power-On Self-Test (POST), Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

There are many versions of Linux OS. For refrigerators, light, door locks, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices, you want A) SciLin B) Scientific Linux C) Kali Linux D) Raspbian

D) Raspbian

which of the following is not true about Linux A) fast B) efficient C) free D) best for video games

D) best for video games

which of the following statements about Linux desktop interface is true? A) Graphics user interface only B) command line interface only C) neither graphics user interface nor commend line interface. D) both graphical user interface and command line interface.

D) both graphical user interface and command line interface.

Because Linux is open source, many individuals and groups have created their own versions of the OS, know as ______ or ______for short, to fit their specialized needs. A) versions, vers B) versions, vesns C) distributions, dis D) distributions, distros

D) distributions, distros

which is the following Linux terminal command display top-level directories A) ls B) ls -a C) ls -l D) ls /

D) ls /

In Ubuntu APT, the sources.list file divides available software into multiple repositories that fall into one or more of the four types. The ______ is a community repo containing software whose use within the open source community is controversial, mostly due to what some feel to be overly restrictive patent protections or complicated legality. A) main B) restricted C) universe D) multiverse

D) multiverse

which of the following Linux command would display your time zone? A) datetime B) datetimectl C) timedate D) timedatectl

D) timedatectl

which of the following is not an element of Creative Commons (CC) copyright licenses? A) attribution B) copyright C) no-derivative D) non-commercial

b) copyright