Chapter 5 test
List 5 factors that affect soil formation
1. Climate 2. Biota 3. Time 4. Topography 5. Parent material/rock
When you dig a deep hole, you see the colour and content of the soil change. What are these layers of change called? A. Horizons B. Vistas C. Panoramas D. Conglomerations
A
Which is a type of mechanical weathering? A. Abrasion B. Infiltration C. Consistency
A
Which models chemical weathering? A. Exposing a rock to rain B. Freezing a rock in a container of water C. Breaking a rock into pieces with a hammer D. Shaking a container of sand with a rock in it
A
What is the soil layer with the most organic material?
A-horizon
Chemical weathering ________ A. Changes the size of rocks and minerals B. Is more likely to occur in a forest than a desert C. Is often caused by plant roots growing into cracks D. Occurs faster on larger rocks than on smaller rocks
B
Chemical weathering changes the _______ A. Size of a rock B. Minerals in a rock C. The horizons of a rock
B
Chemical weathering is more rapid in a _______ climate A. Warm, dry B. Warm, wet C. Cold, dry D. Cold, wet
B
In areas where freezing and thawing occur frequently, rocks weather rapidly because of the ________ of freezing water A. Evaporation B. Expansion C. Leaching D. Oxidation
B
In which location would soil form the fastest? A. A plain near the poles B. A forest in a warm climate C. A cold mountainous region D. A gentle slope in a dry climate
B
Inorganic components of most soils include ________ A. Clay, sand, and bacteria B. Air, water, and minerals C. Partially decomposed matter D. Parent material and animal waste
B
Mechanical weathering by plants is most effective ________ A. In a desert B. In a forest C. In a stream D. On a mountaintop
B
Mechanical weathering is any process that ______ A. Does not form a soil horizon B. Breaks rocks into smaller pieces C. Changes minerals into new ones
B
Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air, and ______ A. Sand B. Decayed organic matter C. Moss D. Clay
B
Which process can occur in chemicals weathering? A. Abrasion B. Dissolving C. Ice wedging
B
Abrasion would be most effective on a rock ________ A. Covered with ice B. With a small surface area C. In a swiftly flowing stream D. When the temperatures are low
C
Ice wedging is brought about by __________ A. Carbonic acid freezing on rocks B. Water and oxygen reacting C. Water freezing and thawing D. Rocks colliding with each other
C
Mechanical weathering is more rapid in a ___________ climate A. Dry B. Hot C. Cold D. Humid
C
Parent material in the soil is in the _______ A. A-horizon B. B-horizon C. C-horizon
C
Soil that is acidic and contains fine ash particles can be found near _______ A. Earthquakes B. Tornadoes C. Volcanoes D. Large lakes
C
Which is NOT a factor in the formation of soil? A. Biota B. Climate C. Fertility
C
Which is true? A. All weathering occurs faster near the poles B. Ice wedging is a minor process of weathering C. Steep slopes don't contribute much to soil formation D. Normal water causes the most mechanical weathering
C
Which material is an organic sort of soil? A. Clay B. Water C. Leaves
C
What is the soil layer with the most parent material?
C-horizon
What mixes with rain to form carbonic acid?
Carbon dioxide
What are the processes that change a rock's composition?
Chemical weathering
What varies with the amount of moisture in a soil?
Consistency
All of the following cause mechanical weathering EXCEPT _____ A. Ice B. Tree roots C. Burrowing animals D. Carbonic acid
D
The horizon that contains unweathered bedrock is the _______ A. A-horizon B. B-horizon C. O-horizon D. R-horizon
D
The layer of soil that contains the most organic material is called the ___ horizon A. A B. B C. C D. O
D
The organic matter in soil is made of ________ A. Dead worms B. Fallen branches C. Roots D. All of the above
D
What depends primarily on the composition of the A-horizon?
Fertility
What would be slower in clay-rich soil than in sandy soil?
Infiltration
What are soil components that were once alive?
Organic matter
What are the spaces between particles of soil called?
Pores
Which soil property determines the infiltration rate?
Texture
Why are pores important?
They allow water and air to move through the soil
