Chapter 5 The Circulatory System
What is the lymphatic pump and how does it work?
The lymphatic pump is similar to the venous pump. A system of valves in the lymph vessels operate so that external pressure on the walls of the vessel force the movement of lymph through the vessel in one direction.
Name the main artery of the body?
The main artery is the aorta.
Which regions of the body contain lymph nodes?
The parts of the body containing lymph nodes are the back o the head, around the neck muscles, along the blood vessels of the abdomen and pelvis, the back of the knees, and the groin.
Name the protective covering of the heart and describe its function.
The pericardium is a protective sac surrounding and supporting the heart in position and at the same time allowing it to move frictionlessly as it continually pulsates.
What is the primary function of the white blood cells?
The primary function of white blood cells is to protect the body against disease by combating different infectious and toxic agents hat can invade the body.
Which vein carries freshly oxygenated blood?
The pulmonary veins carry freshly oxygenated blood.
What is the purpose of the venous pump?
The purpose of the venous pump is to assist in moving the blood though the veins and toward the heart.
What is the primary function of the red blood cells?
The red blood cells primarily carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
What are the two divisions of the circulatory system?
The two divisions of the circulatory system are the blood vascular system and the lymph vascular system.
What is the function of the veins?
The veins carry blood from the various capillaries back toward the heart. Veins of general circulation carry waste laden , oxygen poor blood from the body, whereas pulmonary veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Trace the flow of lymph from just before it enters the lymph system until it leaves.
Tissue fluid becomes lymph when it enters through the walls of a lymph capillary. From there, lymph flows into larger lymphathics and into the first of possibly several lymph nodes. Eventually , the lymph flows out of the nodes, through another lymph vessel, and into either the right or thoracic lymph duct. From the lymph duct , lymph flows into the brachiocephalic vein.
Name two circulatory systems of the blood-vascular systems.
Two portions of the blood vascular system are the pulmonary circulatory system and the general or system circulatory system.
Which nerves regulate the heartbeat?
Two sets of nerves, the vagus and sympathetic nerves, regulate the heartbeat.
Which substances does the blood carry away from the body cells?
Blood carries carbon dioxide gas and metabolic waste products away from the body cells.
Which substances are carried y the blood to the body cells?
Blood carries water, oxygen, food, and secretions to the body cells.
What is an arteriole?
An Arteriole is the microscopic final division of the arteries before the capillaries.
What is the major function of the lymph glands or nodes?
The lymph nodes filter harmful bacteria and toxic matter from the lymph and are the site of production of lymphocytes.
Name the parts of the lymph system.
The lymph system includes the lymph, lymphatics, lymph ducts, lymph nodes, glands, and lacteals. Also considered a part of the lymph system are tonsils, the spleen, and the thymus gland.
What is meant by lymph drainage?
Lymph drainage is draining of lymph fluids from various areas of the body.
From what is lymph derived?
Lymph is derived from interstitial or extracellular fluid.
Into which blood vessels does the lymph return?
Lymph returns to venous blood through the brachiocephalic veins near the junction of the jugular vein.
What determines the names of lymphatics ?
Lymphatics are named according to their location in the body.
Which nerves control the movements of the arterial walls?
Movements of the arterial walls are controlled by vasomotor nerves from the autonomic nervous system consisting of the vasoconstrictor nerves and vasodilator nerves.
What is the normal temperature of the blood?
Normal body temperature is 98.6 F 37 C
What is the function of the arteries?
The arteries carry blood away from the heart to the capillaries.
How does the blood protect the body?
The blood protect the body against extreme heat and cold, harmful bacteria, and the excessive loss of blood by forming an external clot.
What is the function of capillaries?
The capillaries connect the smaller arteries with the veins. The permeable walls of the capillaries allow a two way diffusion of substances between the blood and the tissue fluid, thereby bringing nourishment to the cells and removing waste products.
Name the chambers of the heart in the order that blood passes through them.
The chambers of the heart are the right atrium or auricle, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Which constituents are found in the blood?
The constituents of blood include plasma, red corpuscles, white corpuscles, white corpuscles, and platelets.
What is the major function of the lymph-vascular system?
The function of the lymph vascular system is to collect excess tissue fluid, invading microorganisms, damaged cells, and protein molecules,
What is the function of the heart?
The heart is an efficient pump that keeps the blood moving in a steady stream through a closed system of blood vessels.
Name the important parts composing the circulatory system.
The heart, blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries lymph vessels, and the fluids that circulate through them are the main parts of the circulatory system.
What are lacteals?
The lacteals are lymphatic vessels that carry chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct.
What is a venule?
is the smallest vessel of the venous system that collects blood from the capillaries.
How is massage of value to the health of the lymphatic system?
massage increases flow of lymph and prevents stagnation.
