Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System
The bones of the hand that are similar to the tarsals in the foot are the ________.
carpals
Strongest, thickest bone
femur
Which bone articulates with the coxal bone to form the hip joint? - tibia - femur - fibula - pubic - iliac
femur
Which bone withstands stresses of several tons per square inch? - tibia - femur - fibula - pubic - iliac
femur
Lower leg bone on pinky toe side
fibula
An elderly woman has a significant loss of bone mass. The most likely diagnosis is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - osteoporosis
osteoporosis
Which bone is the major load-bearing bone of the lower leg? - tibia - fibula - femur - patella - pelvic girdle
tibia
How many bones are in the fully formed human skeleton? - 50 - 56 - 150 - 196 - 206
206
How many cervical vertebrate are found in an intact skeleton? - 5 - 7 - 9 - 12 - 15
7
When blood calcium levels fall, ____. - PTH secretion increases - osteoblast activity increases - osteoclast activity decreases - growth hormone activity increases - calcitonin secretion increases
PTH secretion increases
Which type of injury is treated first with an ice pack and later with a heating pad? - carpal tunnel syndrome - a joint dislocation - a joint sprain - sublaxation - torn muscle
a joint sprain
The upper ribs are attached to the vertebral column and the _________.
adduction
When going from a seated to standing position, the knee undergoes ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - pronation
adduction
Bone tissue is a storage area for ____. - phosphate - sodium - potassium - calcium - chloride
calcium
The intervertebral disks are classified as ____. - synovial joints - fibrous joints - membranous joints - cartilaginous joints - hinge joints
cartilaginous joints
Known as the collar bone
clavicle
Clavicle
collar bone
Type of bone found in shaft of femur
compact bone
Spongy bone is ____. - very weak - the major component of the Haversian system - made primarily of cartilage - found inside a long bone's shaft - dense
found inside a long bone's shaft
Each end of a long bone is called ____. - the diaphysis - the epiphysis - the shaft - compact bone - canaliculi
growth hormone
The term append means to ____. - connect - support - pull - push - hang
hang
Part of both the shoulder and elbow joints
humerus
Lower jaw
mandible
Which bone completely surrounds the foramen magnum? - frontal - mandible - sphenoid - temporal - occipital
occipital
Surrounds foramen magnum
occipital bone
A former basketball player complains of significant right knee pain. After examination, it is determined that he needs a knee replacement. The most likely cause of his issue is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - osteoporosis
osteoarthritis
Bone forming cell
osteoblast
Bone dissolving cell
osteoclast
During the remodeling process, which cells break down the bone matrix? - osteoblasts - osteocytes - glial cells - osteoclasts - chondrocytes
osteoclasts
Mature bone cell
osteocyte
Set of thin, circular layers of compact bone
osteon
Which bones make up the hard palate? - maxillary and mandibular - palatine and maxillary - sphenoid and maxillary - sphenoid and palatine - palatine and mandibular
palatine and maxillary
Along with maxilla, forms the hard palate
palatine bone
Forearm bone on thumb side
radius
Which bone is found on the "thumb side" of the forearm? - scapula - humerus - radius - ulna - clavicle
radius
The small air spaces in the skull lined with a mucus membrane are the _______.
sinuses
The axial skeleton contains bones that form the ____. - skull, rib cage, vertebral column - chest and arms - vertebral column and legs - rib cage and legs - shoulder and arms
skull, rib cage, vertebral column
Bone in front of the temporal bone; forms part of inner eye socket
sphenoid bone
The most common type of joint in the human body is a ____. - synovial joint - fibrous joint - membranous joint - cartilaginous joint - hinge joint
synovial joint
Joints like the hip and shoulder are classified as ____. - synovial joints - fibrous joints - membranous joints - cartilaginous joints - hinge joints
synovial joints
Which bone forms the lower sides of cranium and surrounds the ear canal? - frontal - mandible - sphenoid - temporal - occipital
temporal
The bones of the pectoral girdle are arranged ____. - for weight bearing - to minimize structural damage during movements - to maximize movements - to maximize stability - to maximize organ protection
to maximize movements
Describe the movements that occur at the knee, hip, shoulder and elbow joints when going from a seated position with your hands resting on your thigh to a standing position with your hands raised above your head, palms facing to the rear.
As you begin to stand upright your knee moves from a flexed to an extended position. As you continue to stand erect the hip moves into an extended position. As you raise your arms above your head, your shoulder flexes and your elbow extends. Pronation of the elbow then moves the palms to a posterior-facing position.
The portion of the skeleton that includes bones of the limbs, shoulder and hips is classified as the ____. - axial skeleton - cranial skeleton - girdle skeleton - appendicular skeleton - vertical skeleton
appendicular skeleton
The _________ includes bones of the limbs, shoulders and hips.
appendicular skeleton
Bone remodeling is LEAST likely to be used in ____. - replacing old bone - healing of injured bone - bone growth in childhood - blood cell formation - calcium homeostasis
blood cell formation
What is found in the channels within the Haversian system? - cartilage -extracellular fluid - intracellular fluid - blood vessels and nerves - calcium stores
blood vessels and nerves
The connective tissue in bones where blood cells are made is the __________.
bone marrow
Calcium recycling
bone remodeling
Small passageways that connect lacunae
canaliculi
A computer programmer complains of pain in his wrist and numbness and tingling of his fingers. He likely suffers from ____. - carpal tunnel syndrome - osteoarthritis - a wrist sprain - a slipped disk - a torn muscle
carpal tunnel syndrome
The type of bone that forms the shaft of long bones is known as ____. - spongy bone - hard bone - compact bone - hyaline bone - synovial bone
compact bone
A 20-year-old man is injured in a motorcycle accident. His ulna was broken and protruding from the skin. His injury is classified as a ____. - simple fracture - complete fracture - dislocation fracture - compound fracture - synovial fracture
compound fracture
Pair of these bones forms the pelvis
coxal bone
Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the pelvic girdle? - thick bones - strong ligaments - designed for wide range of movements - attaches legs to axial skeleton - weight bearing stress
designed for wide range of movements
Each end of a long bone
epiphysis
The growth plate in long bones is found in the ________.
epiphysis
Which bone helps support the nose? - zygomatic - mandible - maxilla - sphenoid - ethmoid
ethmoid
Helps support nose, makes up part of inner eye socket
ethmoid bone
When going from a seated to standing position, the knee undergoes ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - pronation
extension
Decreasing the angle between two bones is ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - pronation
flexion
Touching your chin to your chest is an example of ________.
flexion
In adults, most blood cells are formed in which type of bones? - long leg bones - long arm bones - hip bones - skull - small bones of hand and foot
hip bones
Which bone of the pectoral girdle fits into the open socket of the scapula? - clavicle - sternum - radius - ulna - humerus
humerus
The ________ aids in leverage during knee movements.
intervertebral disks
Tear ducts pass between which two bones? - maxilla and sphenoid - sphenoid and ethmoid - nasal and lacrimal - lacrimal and zygomatic - lacrimal and maxillary
lacrimal and maxillary
Associated with tear ducts
lacrimal bone
Cavity in bone matrix
lacunae
The connective tissue fibers in bone are found in the ____. - periosteum - growth plate - lacuna - matrix - osteocytes
matrix
Major bone of upper jaw
maxilla bone
Which bones make up the sole of the foot? - scapula - sternum - patella - metacarpals - metatarsals
metatarsals
Bone performs four of the following functions. Which is the exception? - movement in conjunction with skeletal muscle - protection for internal organs - mineral storage for calcium and potassium - protection of central nervous system - blood cell formation
mineral storage for calcium and potassium
What structure is found in bone lacunae? - periosteum - growth plate - blood vessels - matrix - osteocytes
osteocytes
A fracture to the cheek would likely damage all of the following bones EXCEPT ____. - zygomatic - parietal - maxilla - sphenoid - ethmoid
parietal
The right and left of this bone meets at the top of the head
parietal bone
Protects knee joint
patella
The __________ aids in leverage during knee movements.
patella
The coxal bones are components of the ____. - pelvis - femur - foramen magnum - sacral curvature - cranium
pelvis
Which part of the pectoral girdle contains the most bones? - tarsals - metatarsals - carpals - metacarpals - phalanges
phalanges
A patient with joint pain was sent to the hospital for lab work. The results showed significant over activity of her immune system. Based on these results, the most likely diagnosis is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - osteoporosis
rheumatoid arthritis
During a routine, a dancer spins in a circle three consecutive times. This is an example of ___. - circumduction - rotation - pronation - supination - hyperextension
rotation
In which region of the vertebral column have the vertebrate fused together? - cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - spinal
sacral
Forms socket for shoulder joint
scapula
On which bone would you find extensive sites for muscle attachments? - scapula - sternum - patella - rib - metatarsals
scapula
Which skeletal structure is NOT part of the axial skeleton? - skull - vertebrate - ribs - sternum - scapula
scapula
Bone tissue inside the shaft of the femur
spongy bone
The upper ribs are attached to the vertebral column and the ___________.
sternum
Which bone is also known as the "breastbone"? - clavicle - sternum - radius - ulna - humerus
sternum
Which part of a synovial joint secretes lubricating fluid? - synovial membrane - articulating cartilage - ligaments - fibrous connective tissue - visceral membrane
synovial membrane
Surrounds external auditory meatus
temporal bone
What structure connects a muscle to a bone? - tendon - ligament - cartilage - joint - collagen
tendon
Each end of a long bone is called ____. - the diaphysis - the epiphysis - the shaft - compact bone - canaliculi
the epiphysis
Bone of lower leg that forms part of knee joint
tibia
Which bone is NOT part of the pectoral girdle or upper limbs? - tibia - clavicle - scapula - humerus - radius
tibia
Forearm bone that is part of elbow joint
ulna
Scapula
ulna
Which bone joins the lower end of the humerus to form the elbow joint? - scapula - carpal - radius - ulna - clavicle
ulna
Cheek bone
zygomatic bone
