Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System

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The bones of the hand that are similar to the tarsals in the foot are the ________.

carpals

Strongest, thickest bone

femur

Which bone articulates with the coxal bone to form the hip joint? - tibia - femur - fibula - pubic - ​iliac

femur

Which bone withstands stresses of several tons per square inch? - tibia - femur​ - fibula - pubic - iliac

femur

Lower leg bone on pinky toe side

fibula

An elderly woman has a significant loss of bone mass. The most likely diagnosis is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - ​osteoporosis

osteoporosis

Which bone is the major load-bearing bone of the lower leg? - tibia - fibula - femur - patella - ​pelvic girdle

tibia

How many bones are in the fully formed human skeleton? - 50 - 56 - 150 - 196 - ​206

206

How many cervical vertebrate are found in an intact skeleton? - 5 - 7 - 9 - ​12 - ​15

7

When blood calcium levels fall, ____. - PTH secretion increases - osteoblast activity increases - osteoclast activity decreases - growth hormone activity increases - ​calcitonin secretion increases

PTH secretion increases

Which type of injury is treated first with an ice pack and later with a heating pad? - carpal tunnel syndrome - a joint dislocation - a joint sprain - sublaxation - ​torn muscle

a joint sprain

The upper ribs are attached to the vertebral column and the _________.

adduction

When going from a seated to standing position, the knee undergoes ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - ​pronation

adduction

Bone tissue is a storage area for ____.​ - ​phosphate - ​sodium - ​potassium - calcium - chloride​

calcium

The intervertebral disks are classified as ____. - synovial joints - fibrous joints - membranous joints - cartilaginous joints - ​hinge joints

cartilaginous joints

Known as the collar bone

clavicle

Clavicle

collar bone

Type of bone found in shaft of femur

compact bone

Spongy bone is ____. - very weak - ​the major component of the Haversian system - made primarily of cartilage - found inside a long bone's shaft - ​dense

found inside a long bone's shaft

Each end of a long bone is called ____. - the diaphysis - the epiphysis - the shaft - compact bone - ​canaliculi

growth hormone

The term append means to ____. - connect - support - pull - push - hang

hang

Part of both the shoulder and elbow joints

humerus

Lower jaw

mandible

Which bone completely surrounds the foramen magnum? - frontal - mandible - sphenoid - temporal - ​occipital

occipital

Surrounds foramen magnum

occipital bone

A former basketball player complains of significant right knee pain. After examination, it is determined that he needs a knee replacement. The most likely cause of his issue is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - ​osteoporosis

osteoarthritis

Bone forming cell

osteoblast

Bone dissolving cell

osteoclast

During the remodeling process, which cells break down the bone matrix? - osteoblasts - osteocytes - glial cells - osteoclasts - ​chondrocytes

osteoclasts

Mature bone cell

osteocyte

Set of thin, circular layers of compact bone

osteon

Which bones make up the hard palate? - maxillary and mandibular - palatine and maxillary - sphenoid and maxillary - sphenoid and palatine - ​palatine and mandibular

palatine and maxillary

Along with maxilla, forms the hard palate

palatine bone

Forearm bone on thumb side

radius

Which bone is found on the "thumb side" of the forearm? - scapula​ - humerus - radius - ulna - clavicle

radius

​The small air spaces in the skull lined with a mucus membrane are the _______.

sinuses

The axial skeleton contains bones that form the ____. - skull, rib cage, vertebral column - chest and arms - vertebral column and legs - rib cage and legs - ​shoulder and arms

skull, rib cage, vertebral column

Bone in front of the temporal bone; forms part of inner eye socket

sphenoid bone

The most common type of joint in the human body is a ____. - synovial joint - fibrous joint - membranous joint - cartilaginous joint - ​hinge joint

synovial joint

Joints like the hip and shoulder are classified as ____.​ - synovial joints - fibrous joints - membranous joints - cartilaginous joints - ​hinge joints

synovial joints

Which bone forms the lower sides of cranium and surrounds the ear canal? - frontal - mandible - sphenoid - temporal - ​occipital

temporal

The bones of the pectoral girdle are arranged ____. - for weight bearing - ​to minimize structural damage during movements - to maximize movements - to maximize stability - to maximize organ protection

to maximize movements

Describe the movements that occur at the knee, hip, shoulder and elbow joints when going from a seated position with your hands resting on your thigh to a standing position with your hands raised above your head, palms facing to the rear.

As you begin to stand upright your knee moves from a flexed to an extended position. As you continue to stand erect the hip moves into an extended position. As you raise your arms above your head, your shoulder flexes and your elbow extends. Pronation of the elbow then moves the palms to a posterior-facing position.

The portion of the skeleton that includes bones of the limbs, shoulder and hips is classified as the ____. - axial skeleton - cranial skeleton - girdle skeleton - appendicular skeleton - ​vertical skeleton

appendicular skeleton

​The _________ includes bones of the limbs, shoulders and hips.

appendicular skeleton

Bone remodeling is LEAST likely to be used in ____. - replacing old bone - healing of injured bone - bone growth in childhood - blood cell formation - ​calcium homeostasis

blood cell formation

What is found in the channels within the Haversian system? - ​cartilage ​-extracellular fluid - intracellular fluid - blood vessels and nerves - ​calcium stores

blood vessels and nerves

​The connective tissue in bones where blood cells are made is the __________.

bone marrow

Calcium recycling

bone remodeling

Small passageways that connect lacunae

canaliculi

A computer programmer complains of pain in his wrist and numbness and tingling of his fingers. He likely suffers from ____. - carpal tunnel syndrome - osteoarthritis - a wrist sprain - a slipped disk - ​a torn muscle

carpal tunnel syndrome

The type of bone that forms the shaft of long bones is known as ____. - ​spongy bone - hard bone - compact bone - hyaline bone - ​synovial bone

compact bone

A 20-year-old man is injured in a motorcycle accident. His ulna was broken and protruding from the skin. His injury is classified as a ____. - simple fracture - complete fracture - dislocation fracture - compound fracture - ​synovial fracture

compound fracture

Pair of these bones forms the pelvis

coxal bone

Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the pelvic girdle? - thick bones - strong ligaments - ​designed for wide range of movements - attaches legs to axial skeleton - weight bearing stress

designed for wide range of movements

Each end of a long bone

epiphysis

​The growth plate in long bones is found in the ________.

epiphysis

Which bone helps support the nose? - zygomatic - mandible - maxilla - sphenoid - ​ethmoid

ethmoid

Helps support nose, makes up part of inner eye socket

ethmoid bone

When going from a seated to standing position, the knee undergoes ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - ​pronation

extension

Decreasing the angle between two bones is ____. - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - ​pronation

flexion

​Touching your chin to your chest is an example of ________.

flexion

In adults, most blood cells are formed in which type of bones? - long leg bones - long arm bones - hip bones - skull - ​small bones of hand and foot

hip bones

Which bone of the pectoral girdle fits into the open socket of the scapula? - clavicle - sternum - radius - ulna - ​humerus

humerus

The ________ aids in leverage during knee movements.

intervertebral disks

Tear ducts pass between which two bones? - maxilla and sphenoid - sphenoid and ethmoid - nasal and lacrimal - lacrimal and zygomatic - ​lacrimal and maxillary

lacrimal and maxillary

Associated with tear ducts

lacrimal bone

Cavity in bone matrix

lacunae

​The connective tissue fibers in bone are found in the ____. - periosteum​ - growth plate - lacuna - matrix - ​osteocytes

matrix

Major bone of upper jaw

maxilla bone

Which bones make up the sole of the foot? - scapula - sternum - patella - ​metacarpals - ​metatarsals

metatarsals

Bone performs four of the following functions. Which is the exception? - movement in conjunction with skeletal muscle - protection for internal organs​ -​ mineral storage for calcium and potassium - protection of central nervous system - ​blood cell formation

mineral storage for calcium and potassium

What structure is found in bone lacunae? - periosteum - growth plate - blood vessels - matrix - ​osteocytes

osteocytes

A fracture to the cheek would likely damage all of the following bones EXCEPT ____. - zygomatic - parietal - maxilla - sphenoid - ​ethmoid

parietal

The right and left of this bone meets at the top of the head

parietal bone

Protects knee joint

patella

The __________ aids in leverage during knee movements.

patella

The coxal bones are components of the ____. - pelvis - femur - foramen magnum - sacral curvature - ​cranium

pelvis

Which part of the pectoral girdle contains the most bones? - tarsals - metatarsals - carpals - metacarpals ​- phalanges

phalanges

A patient with joint pain was sent to the hospital for lab work. The results showed significant over activity of her immune system. Based on these results, the most likely diagnosis is ____. - osteoarthritis - vitamin D deficiency - growth hormone deficiency - rheumatoid arthritis - ​osteoporosis

rheumatoid arthritis

​During a routine, a dancer spins in a circle three consecutive times. This is an example of ___. - ​circumduction ​- rotation - pronation - supination - ​hyperextension

rotation

In which region of the vertebral column have the vertebrate fused together? - cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - ​spinal

sacral

Forms socket for shoulder joint

scapula

On which bone would you find extensive sites for muscle attachments? - scapula - sternum - patella - rib - ​metatarsals

scapula

Which skeletal structure is NOT part of the axial skeleton? - skull - vertebrate - ribs - sternum - ​scapula

scapula

Bone tissue inside the shaft of the femur

spongy bone

The upper ribs are attached to the vertebral column and the ___________.

sternum

Which bone is also known as the "breastbone"? - clavicle - sternum - radius - ulna - ​humerus

sternum

Which part of a synovial joint secretes lubricating fluid? - synovial membrane - articulating cartilage - ligaments - fibrous connective tissue - ​visceral membrane

synovial membrane

Surrounds external auditory meatus

temporal bone

What structure connects a muscle to a bone? - tendon - ligament - cartilage - joint - ​collagen

tendon

Each end of a long bone is called ____. - the diaphysis - ​the epiphysis - the shaft - compact bone - ​canaliculi

the epiphysis

Bone of lower leg that forms part of knee joint

tibia

Which bone is NOT part of the pectoral girdle or upper limbs? - tibia - clavicle - scapula - humerus - ​radius

tibia

Forearm bone that is part of elbow joint

ulna

Scapula

ulna

Which bone joins the lower end of the humerus to form the elbow joint? - scapula - carpal - radius - ulna - ​clavicle

ulna

Cheek bone

zygomatic bone


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