chapter 5&6 soci- (ones that were not answered on quizlet)

John Meyer and Brian Rowan argue that, in organizations officially governed by formal rules and procedures, much of the work is usually done with minimal regard to the rules. What, then, is the role of rules in organizations, according to Meyer and Rowan? -The rules provide the basis for rewards and reprimands .-The rules describe the ideal processes that workers should seek to follow. -The rules describe the ultimate goals of the organization. -The rules serve to legitimize the work being done.

The rules provide the basis for rewards and reprimands.

Identify which of the following examples illustrates bonding social capital. -a neighborhood association -the YMCA -Habitat for Humanity -a local Humane Society

a local Humane Society

John Meyer and Brian Rowan's research, outlining the informal networks that exist in all bureaucracies, adds to Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy by showing that informal relations -are limited only to government agencies. -are the "unofficial ways" that bureaucracies are run. -allow bureaucratic officials to ignore standard operating procedures without the risk of punishment .-are more important than the formal rules governing the organization.

are more important than the formal rules governing the organization.

Which crime would not be tracked in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? -tax evasion -vehicle theft -rape -arson

tax evasion

According to the textbook, the use of information and communications technology in corporations has reduced the rigid hierarchical structure of corporations, but, at the same time, it has created -a three-strata employment system of powerful managers, autonomous technology experts, and less autonomous clerical workers. -telecommuters who are totally disconnected from the corporate culture .-a two-tiered employment system of technology experts and less autonomous clerical workers. -unhappiness and incompetence among employees who are telecommuters.

telecommuters who are totally disconnected from the corporate culture.

Irving Janis's research on groupthink included a study of -the U.S.-planned Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 .-the escalation of U.S. involvement in the War in Vietnam, in the mid-1960s. -the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1998. -U.S. intelligence failures in the weeks before the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks.

?

Which statement best describes the character of the Internet in its earliest years? -Most people who had access were associated with academic or scientific institutions. -Initially, the Internet had an unsavory reputation, and people in prestigious professions avoided it -from the very start, the Internet was a highly egalitarian environment. -At first, the Internet appealed only to the socioeconomic middle class.

?

Which researcher found that boys in the lower working class, who are frustrated with their positions in life, often join delinquent subcultures that reject middle-class values and replace them with norms that celebrate defiance? -Albert Cohen -Robert Merton -Émile Durkheim -Kingsley Davis

Albert cohen

According to a ruling by Judge Shira Scheindlin, New York City's stop-and-frisk policy was a violation of citizens' -First Amendment right to peaceful assembly .-Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms .-Fourth Amendment protection from unreasonable searches and seizures .-Fifth Amendment protection against loss of liberty without due process.

Fourth Amendment protection from unreasonable searches and seizures

Every day after school Maria goes to the local teen center, where she is a member of a student group organizing a multicultural festival for the community. This activity is likely to produce -reference groups. -community banks .-bridging social capital. -bonding social capital.

bonding social capital.

According to sociologists, what is the smallest size that can make up a social group? -an ego and an alter ego -a dyad -a triad -a family

dyad

According to Georg Simmel, an important aspect of a group is that -its intensity and exclusivity decreases as the group's size decreases. -its stability and intensity increases as the group' size increases .-the group's size has little impact on stability over time; what matters is the common goal of the group. -its intensity decreases as the group's size increases, but its stability and exclusivity increases.

its intensity decreases as the group's size increases, but its stability and exclusivity increases.

Recently, the White nationalist group known as the Proud Boys has gained media coverage. The group's activities show the members' disdain and prejudicial attitudes toward non-White people in the United States. The Proud Boys' members would consider non-White people as a(n) -dyad. -triad. -in-group .-out-group.

out- group

The research performed by Solomon Asch, where he asked groups of participants to identify which lines were of equal length, illustrated that -people always stammer and fidget before speaking out against group consensus. -even if it makes them feel uncomfortable, many people are willing to discount their own perceptions rather than go against group consensus. -people can easily be bullied into changing their minds. -the last person to answer did not feel the need to conform or bow to group pressure.

people can easily be bullied into changing their minds.

In Robert Merton's typology, which type of person is different from the other three listed, in both their responses to socially approved values and their responses to conventional means? -conformists -innovators -rebels -retreatists

rebels

The "McDonaldization" of society refers to -the obesity epidemic in American society. -the increased uniformity and rationality of society. -the taking over of key authority positions by baby boomers .-the phenomenal success of franchise restaurants as models for other companies.

the phenomenal success of franchise restaurants as models for other companies.