Chapter 6-10 Quizlets
Diener & Seligman (2002)
identified "very happy people" & examined characteristics - self-report and peer informant reports - happy people had more relationships
Mita et al, (1977)
mere exposure effect - 33 female undergraduates, each accompanied by a close female friend - took a pic of the undergrad and showed a mirror version and the true picture - predicted the undergrad would prefer the mirror version and the friend would prefer the true picture - prediction was correct
Asch (1956)
normative influence/public compliance: - line measuring study - People were given the wrong answer and 37% of the group conformed to this clearly wrong answer
Broaden-and-Build Theory (Fredrickson)
positive emotions broaden the way we think and make us more creative - they help us to thrive as a person and in our social world
Match each of the following terms for types of social influence to its appropriate definition
responding favorably to an explicit request by another person Correct label: compliance in an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the person in authority Correct label: obedience changing one's behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure (real or imagined) from others Correct label: conformity
Research suggests that
women are slightly more susceptible to social influence than men because they are more interdependent, but this is offset by women generally having more certainty in social interactions.
According to the negative state relief hypothesis, under what conditions are participants who are made to feel upset or guilty in a study most likely to donate money to a charity?
√Correct choice if they are still in a negative mood at the time of the request for a donation
Members of various fraternities are asked to participate in a group problem-solving task. The researchers find that solutions proposed by officers of the fraternity generate more agreement among other group members than solutions generated by younger members who are not officers. One reason for this may be that
√Correct choice the officers are perceived as having higher status and thus are more able to exert normative social influence.
Decide if each of the following is more likely to be an example of an effective norm-based appeal for compliance or an example of an ineffective norm-based appeal.
A group seeking to reduce tax fraud communicates the message that most people cheat on their taxes. Correct label: ineffective In an effort to reduce water use, a city contacts only citizens with below-average consumption, telling them how much less they are using than their neighbors. Correct label: ineffective In an effort to reduce water use, a city contacts its citizens with above-average consumption, telling them how much more they are using than their neighbors. Correct label: effective Aware that many train riders believe most people "skip" on paying fares, the transit authority posts signs stating that fare-beaters make up less than 1 percent of riders. Correct label: effective
Conformity is a key aspect of research conducted by Michele Gelfand and colleagues about the "tightness" and "looseness" of various cultures. Decide which of the following statements about this are accurate.
Accurate Ecological constraints might lead a country to be more "tight." People living in "tight" nations tend to disapprove more of those who violate their social norms. "Tight" nations have stronger norms about how people should behave and are less tolerant about departure from those norms than "loose" nations. Not Accurate Every nation tends to be "tight" in some ways but "loose" in others.
Which of the following statements about the positives and negatives of conformity are accurate?
Accurate In societies that elevate autonomy and uniqueness, "conformity" can be looked upon negatively. Evolutionary psychologists and anthropologists have argued that a tendency to conform is generally beneficial. Not Accurate The positive benefits to conformity are rare. Acts of conformity are either good or bad.
Which of the following statements regarding informational social influence are accurate?
Accurate It is more likely to occur when we are in unfamiliar surroundings than familiar ones. It is based on the belief that the opinions and actions of others are generally reliable. Not Accurate It is generally used to explain the behavior of the participants in Asch's well-known conformity experiment. It is more likely to occur when we feel well-grounded in the facts.
Which of the following statements about gender and conformity are accurate?
Accurate Men tend to conform more in stereotypically female domains (such as child rearing). Women tend to conform more in stereotypically male domains (such as football). Not Accurate Women conform far more than men. Women are less likely to conform in face-to-face situations than men.
Which of the following statements about the Milgram experiments and how people feel they would have acted in the experiments as participants are accurate?
Accurate Milgram's experiments do not cause others to empathize with the participants who delivered the shocks and consider that we might also behave in the same way. Practically no one believes that they would have continued, as participants, to deliver high levels of shock. Not Accurate Milgram's experiments explain why others might act in similar ways to the participants. Milgram's results were predicted beforehand and thus were not surprising to the scientific community
Which of the following statements about the influence of culture on conformity are accurate?
Accurate The value placed on individualism by a society seems to play a role in the tendency for its members to conform. People raised in interdependent cultures are likely to be more susceptible to informational social influence. People raised in interdependent cultures are likely to be more susceptible to normative social influence. Not Accurate Research suggests that the tendency to conform is increasing in U.S. society.
Which of the following statements about automatic mimicry are accurate?
Accurate This tendency to mimic others is particularly strong when people have a need to affiliate with others. Mimicry is more accepted in Hispanic-American culture than in Anglo-American culture. Not Accurate People tend to dislike those who mimic them more than those who do not, especially when they are aware of being mimicked. Thinking about a behavior makes us less likely to mimic it.
Which of the following accurately describe why being in a good mood is likely to increase compliance?
Accurate We are motivated to stay in good moods, and doing things for others tends to make us feel good. Being in a good mood tends to make us interpret events more positively. Not Accurate Good moods are essential to reason-based appeals to the mind.
Which of the following accurately describe what happened in Milgram's follow-up studies to his original obedience experiment when he "tuned out" the experimenter?
Accurate When Milgram staged an argument among the experimental team that the participant witnessed, it resulted in reduced participant obedience. When the experimenter issued orders by telephone, rather than in person, it resulted in reduced participant obedience. Not Accurate When the experimenter delegated his authority to an "ordinary person," it resulted in no change in participant obedience. This series of variations resulted in less participant obedience than in the original, but more than in the variations in which the learner was "tuned in."
Complete the following passage about automatic mimicry, a source of conformity.
Automatic mimicry is the tendency to reflexively mimic the actions of those around us, such as their posture and mannerisms. One reason we mimic, known as the principle of idiomatic action, is that merely thinking about a behavior makes people likely to perform it. The second reason is to prepare for interactions with others, since they tend to go more smoothly when some kind of rapport has been established.
Kenrick (1989)
Centerfold study contrast effects - men and women looked at pics/nudes of the same sex and then the opposite sex - thought they were less sexually attractive when exposed to the same gender - men felt more sexually attractive when looking at opposite gender and felt less i love with their wifes
Chartrand & Bargh (1999)
Chameleon effect study - experiment 1: the motor behavior of participants unintentionally matched that of strangers with whom they worked on a task - experiment 2: had confederates mimic the posture and movements of participants and showed that mimicry facilitates the smoothness of interactions and increases liking between interaction partners - experiment 3: empathic individuals exhibit the chameleon effect to a greater extent than do other people
Which of the following are examples of emotion-based techniques being used to increase compliance?
Examples Bryan feels guilty about playing golf when he promised to clean out the garage, so he agrees when his wife asks him to pick up groceries on the way home. People are more likely to comply with requests when they are in a good mood. Vera agrees to set up a scholarship fund at a school because she wants to feel better about who she is. Not an Example Kiko agrees to buy a new couch when the salesman tells him that he will include free delivery as part of the deal.
William James (1884)
Father of American Psychology
LaPiere (1934)
First study to demonstrate inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors
The participants in Milgram's original obedience experiment were caught in a conflict between two sets of compelling forces. Which of the following are some of the forces that compelled them to continue the experiment (and inflict more pain)?
Forces Compelling Participants to Continue desire to advance science and psychological research desire to avoid "making a scene" desire to avoid the disapproval of the experimenter and others associated with the study Not a Force Compelling Participants to Continue belief that they weren't really hurting anyone, since the experiment was likely a fake
The participants in Milgram's original obedience experiment were caught in a conflict between two sets of compelling forces. Which of the following are some of the forces that compelled them to want to terminate the experiment?
Forces Compelling Participants to Terminate the Experiment reluctance to hurt another person—even if he was a stranger fear of embarrassment or retaliation if they encountered the person receiving the shocks after the experiment fear of personal repercussions if the person receiving the shocks was injured or died the moral imperative to stop the suffering of the person they thought was being shocked
Reactance theory is the idea that when people believe their freedoms are threatened, they experience an unpleasant state of arousal that leads them to reassert their right to resist compliance. Once a person is motivated to resist compliance, which of the following factors tend to increase his ability to resist?
Likely to Increase His Ability to Resist being allied with others experience at resisting avoiding a "slippery slope" Not Likely to Increase His Ability to Resist embracing emotion-based appeals
reactance theory is the idea that when people believe their freedoms are threatened, they experience an unpleasant state of arousal that leads them to reassert their right to resist compliance. Once a person is motivated to resist compliance, which of the following factors tend to increase his ability to resist?
Likely to Increase His Ability to Resist experience at resisting being allied with others avoiding a "slippery slope" Not Likely to Increase His Ability to Resist embracing emotion-based appeals
Complete the passage regarding the use of norm-based approaches to achieve compliance.
Norm-based approaches appeal to people's tendency to look to others for guidance on how to behave. People are responsive to appeals using both descriptive norms, which indicate how people actually behave in certain contexts, and prescriptive norms, which indicate how people should behave in various situations. However, these two types of norms work better at achieving compliance when these are aligned and not in conflict
Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger)
People dislike inconsistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
(Festinger et al., 1950)
Proximity- apartment study - Studied relationship closeness - 65% said closest friend was in the same building -41% said closest friend lived next door - 22% said closest friend lived two doors away -10% closest friend lived at end of the hall - Folks that lived closest to the stairwells reported the most friends because they crossed paths often
Wicker (1969)
Reviewed literature and concluded no attitude-behavior consistency
Happiness promoting creativity study
Shown with cookies - Randomly assigned to receive a cookie or not then given a creativity test with a brick - Cookie- brick= doorstop, paperweight, weapon - No cookie- brick= building tool
Complete the following passage about the main kinds of social influence.
Social influence refers to the ways people affect one another. Main forms of this include conformity—which involves changing one's behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure from others; compliance—responding favorably to an explicit request from another person; and obedience—submitting to the demands of a person in authority in an unequal power relationship.
Complete the passage about the negative state relief hypothesis.
The negative state relief hypothesis is related to emotion-based methods of seeking compliance. It is the idea that people engage in certain actions—such as agreeing to a request—in order to relieve feelings such as guilt or sadness and to feel better about themselves.
Schachter & Singer (1962)
Two-Factor Theory: Unexplained physiological arousal - cognitive explanation - How we construe response to event shapes what the dominant emotional response is
Match each of the following examples to the form of social influence that best describes it.
Your professor demands that you use InQuizitive or you will not pass the class, so you use it. Correct label: obedience You don't normally use online study tools, but you notice that your classmates are using InQuizitive, so you do too. Correct label: conformity Your professor asks that you use InQuizitive for practice, so you do. Correct label: compliance
Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
cognitive dissonance- completed a boring task and then had to say it was "fun" Peg-Turning Study -the participants who were paid only $1 to perform the boring task (turning pegs) faced a greater degree of dissonance than the ones who were paid $20 - so they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable in order to reduce dissonance
Which type of social influence involves changing one's behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure (whether that pressure is real or imagined) from others?
conformity
Jordan first asks his friends to participate in a psychological experiment that runs from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on a Saturday. They all say no. Then Jordan asks if they could maybe just come for the most important part of the study, which is from 10:00 a.m. until 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. Most actually agree, despite the fact that it is usually extremely difficult to get Jordan's friends to wake up earlier than noon on Saturdays. Jordan has implemented what compliance technique?
door-in-the-face
Which of the following statements regarding the reciprocal concessions technique are accurate?
Accurate The pressure to respond to what is perceived as a concession is responsible for this technique's effectiveness. It is an application of the norm of reciprocity. Not Accurate It involves making a small initial request with which almost everyone will comply, followed by a larger request
Complete the passage about the three broad categories of compliance approaches that have been identified by social psychologists
Compliance techniques directed at the mind are called reason-based approaches, while those directed at the heart are called emotion-based approaches. A third category of approaches, norm-based approaches, appeal to the mind and the heart.
Complete the following passage about the influences of minority opinion on the majority.
In spite of the powerful pressures of conformity, sometimes minority influence can be considerable. This primarily occurs through informational social influence and occurs especially when the minority expresses views consistently.
Sherif (1936)
Informational influence/private acceptance: - Participants judged the distance a light traveled independently - then they determined the distance with a group -the distance determined with the group became a norm
Milgram (1974)
Obedience - Participants: 40 men as "teachers" - Cover story: Effects of punishment on learning - Thought they were selected to be teacher or learner (all were teacher) - Teacher instructed to give shock every time there was a wrong answer - Previously tape recorded responses to the shocks - Between 340 and 450 volts there was no response at all - Experimenter kept saying "please continue" - Machine: 15 volts to 450 volts - Give shocks for incorrect responses - Psychiatrists guessed 1/1000 would go to 450 volts - Finding: 65% (26 Ps) went to 450 volts (XXX)
Match each definition with the reason-based technique for achieving compliance that it describes.
asking someone for a very large favor that he or she will certainly refuse, and then following with a request for a smaller favor Correct label: door-in-the-face technique adding something to an original offer, thus creating some pressure to reciprocate Correct label: that's-not-all technique making an initial small request that nearly everyone complies with, followed by a larger request involving the real behavior of interest Correct label: foot-in-the-door technique also called the reciprocal concessions technique Correct label: door-in-the-face technique
Researchers first gave their participants cookies to put them in a good mood. Then they asked the participants to help out with the next study by serving as confederates who would either help the true experimental participant or hinder the true participant. The results of this study were interpreted to suggest that
people are more likely to comply with a request if the action will maintain their good mood.
Kalick (1977)
physical attractiveness - effects of plastic surgery - These people were thought to be more kind etc because they were more attractive
Frieze et al. (1991)
physical attractiveness and salaries - Rated over 700 NBA graduates on physical attractiveness and used these scores to predict income - for men 26,000 increase in salary for increase of attractiveness
While working on her final paper for her psychology class, Tiffany realizes that she is probably going to exceed the stated page limit in the assignment. She asks several of her classmates what to do and receives differing advice. Some upperclassmen who are psychology majors tell Tiffany to go ahead and exceed the page limit. Some of Tiffany's close friends tell her to stick with the assigned page limit. If we assume that Tiffany is being swayed by informational social influence pressures, which group is she more likely to listen to?
the psychology majors
Strong relationships cut our chance of dying in half
"50% increased likelihood of survival for participants with stronger social relationships"
Three candidates for mayor seek support from an influential businessman. Based on their messages below, decide if each approach is best described as a reason-based, emotion-based, or norm-based approach.
"When I ran four years ago, you promised to support me, but you didn't. May I count on your support now?" Correct label: emotion-based "While serving on the city council, I have always supported your interests. Now, I ask for your support." Correct label: reason-based "Most of the other leading businessmen in the city are supporting me, and I would like you to as well." Correct label: norm-based
Milgram's "looking up at nothing" study
- 1 person looking up, 40% of passers-by conformed - 2-3 people looking up, 60-65% conformed - 4 people looking up, 80% conformed
The Nun Study
- New nuns would write about themselves (autobiography) - Years later researchers coded these for positive emotions and expression - Followed the nuns to see how long they lived related to their emotions - People with more positive emotions were more likely to live longer
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love- 3 Parts:
- Passion: Excitement, longing, attraction Intimacy: Sharing/connecting w partner, emotional support, liking - Commitment: Investment in maintaining the relationship long term - Cultural influences: Love is universal but varies in nature across cultures
flattery study
- People report even when a computer is on the other end and it flatters them they feel self enhancement - If less than palliabel motives are behind flattery people don't prefer it
Does money buy happiness study
- Subjects given $5 or $20 - Subjects could either spend money on a friend or themselves - Didn't matter the amount of money, people who gave to others were happier- prosocial
Huston (1973)
- male participants thought they are taking part in a dating study and they submitted a photo - Women were more likely to pick men who were the same level of attractiveness - bc Likelihood of getting rejected is lower
Berkman & Syme (1979)
-4 different types of social connections were measured - At every age group, those who had fewer different types of social connections were more likely to die early
Complete the passage about Milgram's original experiment on obedience, in which participants were told by the experimenter to administer what they believed were electric shocks to a stranger when the stranger made mistakes.
About 63 percent of the participants were willing to deliver the maximum shock of 450 volts. Upon being made aware that the stranger was suffering as a result of the shocks, nearly all of the participants called it to the attention of the experimenter.
Which of the following statements accurately describe how minority opinion can influence the majority in spite of the power of conformity?
Accurate A consistent minority has more influence than an inconsistent minority. Minority opinion can have impactful informational social influence on the majority. Consistent minority opinion can have a latent effect on the subsequent private judgments of the majority. Not Accurate Minority opinion can have a high impact through normative social influence.
Which of the following accurately describe lessons relating to the physical remoteness of victims that might be drawn from Milgram's experiments?
Accurate Emotional brakes on aggression are weakened dramatically as a result of being remote from the victims of that aggression. The more removed we are from others, the easier it is to hurt them. Remoteness of victims tends to make the harm done to them more abstract. Not Accurate Remoteness to victims makes it easier to question orders to inflict harm.
Jerry Burger of Santa Clara University got permission to replicate part of Milgram's 1960s experiments in 2009. Which of the following statements are accurate about Burger's findings?
Accurate In Burger's study, women were equally likely as men to continue to administer higher levels of shock to the learners after the crucial point had been reached. As a precaution, before participating in Burger's experiments, participants were asked if they had ever been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder and given other psychological evaluations. Not Accurate Burger's repeat of the voice-feedback version of Milgram's experiment found that the results were significantly different from Milgram's results.
Which of the following statements regarding the norm of reciprocity are accurate?
Accurate Individuals who fail to adhere to it are generally subject to social sanctions. It might be the reason that businesses, alumni associations, solicitors, and others targeting individuals for patronage or money bestow small gifts to them. Not Accurate It exists in some societies, but not in others. Social psychologists classify it as a norm-based approach for achieving compliance.
Which of the following statements regarding the foot-in-the-door technique are accurate?
Accurate It is rooted in the idea that subtly changing someone's self-image will make him more likely to comply. It involves making a small initial request with which almost everyone will comply, followed by a larger request involving the actual behavior of interest. It works on the idea that human behavior is subject to momentum. Not Accurate It involves preceding a request with a small gift, thereby creating an uninvited debt that the recipient is obliged to repay.
Which of the following statements regarding normative social influence are accurate?
Accurate It occurs because people tend to fear the social consequences of behaving differently from others. People tend to find its implications more disturbing than they do the implications of informational social influence. Unlike informational social influence, it occurs in situations where there is a clear conflict between an individual's judgment and that of the group. Not Accurate It occurs when a person's chief desire is to learn what is correct, proper, or effective.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the behavior of the participants in Milgram's obedience experiment?
Accurate Most displayed ineffective and indecisive disobedience. Most were obedient to the experimenter's orders. Many stated explicitly that they refused to continue, and some even got out of their chairs in defiance. Not Accurate They engaged in blind obedience.
Which of the following statements accurately describe the behavior of the participants in Milgram's obedience experiment?
Accurate Most were obedient to the experimenter's orders. Most displayed ineffective and indecisive disobedience. Many stated explicitly that they refused to continue, and some even got out of their chairs in defiance. Not Accurate They engaged in blind obedience.
Which of the following accurately describe how negative moods affect compliance requests?
Accurate People sometimes comply with requests in order to reduce negative feelings and feel better about themselves. Certain types of negative moods lead to increased compliance, and others lead to decreased compliance. Not Accurate People who feel guilty don't comply with requests. Compliance requests directed at people in negative moods invariably lead to rejection of the request.
Decide which of the following statements about the impact of anonymity on social influence are accurate.
Accurate When anonymity is not possible, people sometimes publicly conform while privately dissenting. Our private acceptance of a position advanced by the majority occurs as a result of informational social influence. Not Accurate Conformity rates tend to be about the same whether people are anonymous or not.
A teacher has noticed that two boys in her fifth grade class are bullying other students. Simon appears to be the leader and tells the other boy, Kim, what to do. The teacher suspects that Kim is obeying Simon's authority and that he doesn't really want hurt the other kids. Decide if each of the situations would make Kim more or less likely to obey Simon's orders.
Another boy who is friends with Simon and Kim tells Simon that bullying is wrong while Kim is present. Correct label: less likely Kim is ordered to bully a child online rather than in person. Correct label: more likely Simon isn't there to see his orders carried out. Correct label: less likely Simon gives the orders to Kim over the phone rather than in person. Correct label: less likely Simon tells Kim he will be mad at him if he doesn't carry out his orders. Correct label: more likely
Suspension Bridge Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974)
Example of two-factor theory: Environment shaping how we feel/emotional psychological arousal Bridge study: - Attractive woman met men at on either a stable or wobbly bridge - asked them to fill out questionnaires containing Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) pictures - Sexual content of stories written by participants on the fear-arousing bridge and tendency of these participants to attempt post-experimental contact with the interviewer were both significantly greater
Decide if each of the examples is better described as a descriptive norm or a prescriptive norm.
Experts suggest that adults get 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week , 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or a combination of both. Correct label: prescriptive The American Dental Association recommends that you brush your teeth twice a day. Correct label: prescriptive About 80 percent of adults in the United States don't get the recommend amounts of exercise. Correct label: descriptive About 10 percent of women in the United States drink alcohol while pregnant. Correct label: descriptive Nearly 7 of 10 Americans (69 percent) brush their teeth at least twice a day. Correct label: descriptive Health professionals strongly advise that women not consume alcohol while pregnant. Correct label: prescriptive
Newcomb (1961)
Housing study (similarity) - Before everyone moved in together he did individual evaluations then put them them in a house together - Folks who shared values became friends very fast
Match each example with the reason-based technique for gaining compliance that best describes it.
Joel donates to a charity's appeal for old clothes to give to the homeless. Later, the charity asks him to contribute a substantial sum of money. Correct label: foot-in-the-door technique Connie tells a man at her tag sale that a set of silverware is $25. While he's mulling that over, she says she will throw in some carving knives as well. Correct label: that's-not-all technique Bashie tells her boss that she wants a $5-an-hour raise. After he turns her down, she asks if she can have some better shifts, and he agrees. Correct label: door-in-the-face technique
Decide if each of the following examples better describes informational social influence or normative social influence.
Matthew goes to his niece's recital when he'd rather not because he worries that if he doesn't, his family will judge him harshly. Correct label: normative Jesse asks his friends how they plan to vote and then votes the same way, since he thinks they know more than he does. Correct label: informational At a comedy club, Alden laughs at jokes he doesn't find funny because he doesn't want his friends to think he isn't fun. Correct label: normative Annabel is driving at dusk and notices that other drivers are turning on their headlights—so she does the same. Correct label: informational On a business trip to a city she doesn't know, Dayita follows the restaurant recommendations of the hotel concierge. Correct label: informational Out of fear of what others might think, Maureen always attends church services even though she lost her faith years ago. Correct label: normative
Complete the passage about Milgram's experiments following up his original obedience experiment.
Participants of obedience studies are caught in conflict between two opposing forces—normative social influences and moral imperatives. The balance between those two forces shifts toward normative social influences when participants tune out the learner and tune in the experimenter. It shifts toward moral imperatives when participants tune out the experimenter and tune in the learner.
Stella wants to borrow her friend Steve's car for the weekend so she can drive volunteers to and from a Habitat for Humanity event. Match each possible tactic for getting Steve to comply with the reason-based technique for achieving compliance that best describes it.
Stella asks Steve to put a small "I support Habitat for Humanity" decal on his bumper, and he does. Later, she asks if she can borrow his car for the Habitat event. Correct label: foot-in-the-door technique Stella asks Steve for a $500 donation to Habitat for Humanity. After he says no, she asks if she can borrow his car for the Habitat event. Correct label: door-in-the-face technique Stella tells Steve that if he agrees to let her borrow the car, she will fill the tank with gas. As he's thinking about it, she offers to get the car washed and waxed as well. Correct label: that's-not-all technique Stella buys Steve lunch. After lunch, she asks to borrow his car for the weekend. Correct label: norm of reciprocity
Conformity pressure depends on group characteristics. Complete the passage about how these characteristics affect conformity.
The larger the size, the greater the group's influence, but only up to about 4 people. Unanimous groups exert more pressure to conform than those with a dissenter. The greater the expertise and status of the group members, the greater their influence; however, expertise primarily affects informational social influence, while status mainly affects normative social influence.
Milgram focused some of his follow-up experiments on the participants' awareness of the learner by altering their relationship to the learner in a number of different ways. Match the versions of the experiments with their descriptions.
The learner was in the same room as the participant, and the participant could view the shock and the response by the learner. Correct label: proximity version The participant couldn't see or hear the learner. Correct label: remote-feedback version The participant placed the learner's hand on the shock plate. Correct label: touch-proximity version The learner was not in view, but his protests were audible, and the participant was very aware of him throughout the experiment. Correct label: voice-feedback version
Which of the following accurately describe what happened in Milgram's follow-up studies to his original obedience experiment in which he made the participant more aware of the learner's suffering by "tuning in" the learner?
Which of the following accurately describe what happened in Milgram's follow-up studies to his original obedience experiment in which he made the participant more aware of the learner's suffering by "tuning in" the learner? Accurate The more aware the participants were made of the suffering of the learner, the more difficult they found it to deliver the shocks. Participants attempted to counter Milgram's efforts to make them more aware of the learner's suffering by literally turning away from him. Not Accurate The participants behaved exactly the same in these experiments as they did in the original experiment. Despite being made more aware of the learner's suffering and finding it more difficult to continue, the participants' actual obedience rate did not change.
Blood donor study
door-in-the-face-effect - one group was asked to donate blood for a long term commitment and another group was not asked - 32% of experimental group agreed to give blood tomorrow
Decide if each of the following better describes normative social influence, informational social influence, or both.
involves the influence of other people Correct label: both comes from the desire to learn from others Correct label: informational social influence comes from the desire to avoid the disapproval of others Correct label: normative social influence results in conformity Correct label: both