Chapter 6

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both have their own DNA. (Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes.)

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm. (Digestion occurs within a vesicle. If the digestive enzymes were in the cytosol, they might degrade essential components of the cell.)

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm. (Extracellular structures provide mechanical and chemical signals that are transmitted across the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell.)

Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. (Proteins that will be secreted are always enclosed by some membrane of the endomembrane system until they are secreted.)

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images.

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is...

a mitochondrion.

Which of the following choices correctly matches a tool and its proper application?

cell fractionation to study the function of specific organelles (Cell fractionation can be used to separate different organelles to study their function separate from the rest of the cell.)

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

central vacuole ... storage (But remember, plant cells have a central vacuole, whereas most animal cells have several smaller vacuoles located throughout the cytoplasm.)

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

microtubule; muscle contraction

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

microtubules and motor proteins

exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the...

mitochondria.

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

mitochondrial proteins

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

If radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is added to a culture of rapidly growing bacterial cells, where in the cell would you expect to find the greatest concentration of radioactivity?

nucleoid

Mitochondria are found in _____.

plant and animal cells. (All eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain mitochondria.)

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosome

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to...

separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes (Prokaryotic cells lack any internal membranous compartmentalization.)