Chapter 6 A&P (includes hw and review)

One role of the fontanels is to enclose the vertebral column. serve as ossification centers for the facial bones. lighten the weight of the skull bones. allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth. serve as the final bony plates of the skull.

allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth.

the outer layer of bone, composed of dense, irregular connective tissue is called A) endosteum B) concentric lamellae C) periosteum D) the epiphyseal plate E) the diaphysis

C) periosteum

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is more flexible and freely movable. comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted structurally identical. composed of more separate bones. not as firmly anchored to the axial skeleton.

Comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? neural tissue connective tissue striated muscle tissue epithelial tissue nonstriated muscle tissue

Connective tissue

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.

Ossification

When one crosses his/her arms, which movement is performed by the clavicles?

protraction

Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed

Osteoblasts

Which of the following is found only in compact bone? osteons canaliculi marrow trabeculae osteoblasts

Osteons

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?

Shoulder

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

Periosteum

the movement of turning your head is called

rotation

Endochondral ossification A) occurs primarily in the bones of the skull B) involves calcification of the chondrocytes C) produces bone in connective tissue membranes D) occurs when chondrocytes replace osteoblasts in the matrix

B) involves calcification of the chondrocytes

Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example A) long bone- humerus B) short bone- clavicle C) flatbone- scapula D) irregular bone- vertebrae

B) short bone - clavicle

Fibrous cartilage discs that act as shock absorbers in joints are called

Menisci

Secondary ossification centers A) are located in the diaphysis of the bone B) are located in the epiphysis of the bone C) are located in the fontanels D) appositional growth at the periosteum stops E) intramembranous ossification is complete

B) are located in the epiphysis of the bone

the wrist consists of eight _______ bones, wheras the ankle consists of seven ______ bones. A) tarsal, carpal B) carpal, tarsal C) metacarpal, metatarsal D) metatarsal, metacarpal E) metacarpal, phalanges

B) carpal, tarsal

which of these connective tissue types has proteoglycans in its matrix? A)bone B)cartilage C)ligaments D)tendons E)both c and d

B) cartilage

The ends of long bone are called A) diaphyses B) epiphyses C) lamellae D) trabeculae

B) epiphyses

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called

opposition

Bone-forming cells are called

osteoblasts

Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.

parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

A person who is standing and bends to tie their shoe is _________ their trunk A) abducting B) adducting C) circumducting D) extending E) flexing

flexing

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?

flexion

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as

Lamellae

Dorsiflexion involves ________ at the ankle joint and ________ of the foot.

flexion; elevation of the sole

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?

Wrist

Pectoral girdle consists of

clavicle and scapula

Arrange the following events in the correct order of occurrence after a bone is broken 1. osteoblasts replace cartilage with spongy bone 2. hematoma formation 3. internal spongy bone callus and external bone cartilage callus formation 4. spongy bone is remodeled to form compact bone.

2,3,1,4

A packet of connective tissue filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction and absorbs shock is A) a bursa B) articular cartilage C) an articular disk D) the periosteum E) a herniation

A) a bursa

Moving your arm laterally away from your body is A) abduction B) adduction C) circumduction D) extension E) flexion

A) abduction

the depression on the coxa where the head of the femur articulates is the A) acetabulum B) auricular surface C) iliac fossa D) ischial tuberosity E) obturator foramen

A) acetabulum

Which type of bone growth is responsible for an increase in the diameter of bones? A) appositional growth B) interstitial growth C) endochondral growth D) trabecular growth E) intramembranous growth

A) appositional growth

Which of these types of joints are bones united by fibrous connective tissue, with no joint activity, and with slight movement? A) synchondrosis B) syndesmosis C) symphysis D) synovial E) all of these

B) syndesmosis

Growth in the length of a long bone stops when A) the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified B) the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified C) appositional growth at the periosteum stops D) intramembranous ossification is complete

B) the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified

Which of these statements concerning vertebral column curvatures is correct? A) the cercival curve of the vertebral column is concave anteriorly. B) the lumbar curve develops after birth C) the throacic curve is a secondary curve D) the sacral region is concave anteriorly, whereas the coccygeal region is convex E) all of these are correct

B) the lumbar curve develops after birth.

Shrugging your shoulders to indicate you don't know the answer to a question involves A) depression of the scapulae B) lateral excursion of the scapulae C) elevation of the scapulae D) protraction of the scapulae E) retraction of the scapulae

C) elevation of the scapulae

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of red bone marrow? storage movement protection support blood cell production

Blood cell production

of the 12 pairs of ribs, _______ are floating ribs A) 1-7 B) 8-12 C) 11 & 12 D) all E) none

C) 11 & 12

Regarding skeletal system function, A) bone often serves as a model for cartilage growth. B) tendons connect bone to bone. C) blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones. D) cartilage serves as an important mineral storage area. E) all of these

C) Blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones

the surface of the marrow cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called A) periosteum B) epiphyseal plates C) endosteum D) perichondrium E) lamellae

C) endosteum

which of these statements is NOT true regarding bone? A) Osteroblasts produce bone matrix B) Osterocytes are osteoblasts that have become surrounded by matrix C) Osteoclasts break down bone D) Osteocytes are connected to each other by perforating canals E) Osteocytes are found in lacunae

D) Osteocytes are connected to each other by perforating canals

the function of synovial fluid A) to nourish chondrocytes B) to provide lubrication C) to absorb shock D) all of the above

D) all of the above

an example of a gliding joint is the A) shoulder B) elbow C) ankle D) articular facets between vertebrae E) phalanges

D) articular facets between vertebrae

When a suspect is arrested by the police, typically they are handcuffed behind their back. In this position, the suspect's arms are A) abducted B) adducted C) circumducted D) extended E) flexed

D) extended

Tilting the head posteriorly to look up at the sky requires A) abduction of the neck B) adduction of the neck C) circumduction of the neck D) hyperextension of the neck E) flexion of the neck

D) hyperextension of the neck

Touching the thumb with the little finger is called A) abduction B) adduction C) flexion D)opposition E) reposition

D) opposition

PTH is secreted from the __________, whereas calcitonin is secreted from the_______. A) thyroid gland, pancreas B) thyroid gland, parathyroid gland C) pancreas, pituitary D) parathyroid gland, thyroid gland E) adrenal gland, thyroid gland

D) parathyroid gland, thyroid gland.

the joint between the dens of the axis and the atlas is a(n) A) ball-and- socket joint B) ellipsoid joint. C) hinge joint D) pivot joint. E) plane, or gliding joint

D) pivot joint

A person who is standing in the anatomic position has their hands _________ and their forearms __________ A) pronated, flexed B) pronated, extended C) supinated, flexed D) supinated extended E) abducted, extended

D) supinated extended

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid? increase friction within joint protect bone reduce bacterial infection decrease friction within joint increase osmotic pressure within joint

Decrease friction within joint

The shaft of the long bone is the

Diaphysis

Which of the following associations is most accurate? synarthroses; slightly movable amphiarthroses; gomphoses amphiarthroses; freely movable diarthroses; synchondroses diarthroses; synovial

Diarthroses; synovial

The trochlea is a structural feature of which bone?

Humerus

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed

Inversion

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a smaller pelvic outlet. larger pelvic outlet. narrower pubic angle. relatively narrow, high pelvis. relatively broad, high pelvis.

Larger pelvic outlet

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk? spinal sacral coccygeal lumbar thoracic

Lumbar

Considering the bony structure of the palate, a cleft palate is a malformation of which bone? vomer sphenoid maxillary ethmoid mandible

Maxillary

Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site? lateral epicondyle anatomical neck intertubercular groove surgical neck lesser tubercle

Surgical neck

Most skull bones are joined by tight connections called

Sutures

A joint that permits no movement and is described as an interposition of cartilage plates is called a

Synchondrosis

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called

Trabeculae

You and your twin sister, both 18 years of age, were in a car accident. She had a clean break across the humerus and the upper arm bone-no bleeding, no break in the skin. However, you have a very messy break of the distal tibia in the lower leg, requiring pins to be inserted. Which statement is true regarding the differences in your break and your sister's break?

You will be given antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection, whereas your sister will not.

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball and socket

Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?

circumduction

When one closes the mouth, the movement is called

elevation

Osteocytes are immature bone cells. secrete acids and enzymes. are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei. maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves. are the cells responsible for the production of new bone.

maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. What is the correct order of these events?

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these events is

3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

Articular surfaces of the bones within synovial joints are covered with A) articular cartilage B) synovial membrane C) a fibrous capsule D) a tendon sheath E) fibrocartilage

A) articular cartilage

Which of these structures is found within an osteon A) canaliculi B) chondrocytes C) spongy bone D) periosteum E) none of these

A) canaliculi

Normally, there are seven A) cervical vertebrae B) vertebrae fused to form the coccyx C) lumbar vertebrae D) vertebrae fused to form the sacrum E) thoracic vertebrae

A) cervical vertebrae

Cells that produce new cartilage matrix are called A) chondroblasts B) chondrocytes C)chondroclasts D)osteoblasts E)fibroblasts

A) chondroblasts

which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton? A) rib B) clavicle C) scapula D) coxa E) femur

A) rib

The perichondrium A) surrounds each lacuna in the matrix B) contains mainly loose connective tissue C) contains cells that differentiate into osteoblasts D) is important for the storage of fat E) covers the surface of articular cartilage

C) contains cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Fibrous connective tissue found between developing skull bones are called A) centers of ossification B) central canals C) fontanels D) perforating canals E) endochondral openings

C) fontanels

The fibrocartilage articular disks in this joint are referred to as menisci A) ankle B) hip C) knee D) shoulder E) temporomandibular

C) knee

In a long bone, the epiphyseal plate is A) located in the center of the diaphysis. B) the outer membrane layer on the diaphysis. C) the location where growth occurs. D) produced when the epiphyseal line changes to bone. E) the location for fat storage.

C) the location where growth occurs

Channels within bone, involved with cell-to-cell communication, are called

Canaliculi

Cartilage A) provides a miniature model of future bones prior to endochondral ossification B) recieves nutrients and oxygen by diffusion C) is easily replaced if damaged D) has a good blood supply E) A & B

E) A and B

Which of these bones is produced at least partly by intramembranous ossification? A) clavicle B) frontal C) mandible D) parietal E) all of these

E) all of these

Raising your arm to point at something straight ahead of you involves A) abduction of the arm B) adduction of the arm C) circumduction of the arm D) extension of the arm E) flexion of the arm

E) flexion at the arm

To walk on her toes, a ballerina must be able to __________ her feet for long periods of time. A) abduct B) dorsiflex C) evert D) invert (supinate) E) plantarflex

E) plantarflex

When someone is going to place something in the palm of your hand, your hand must be A) abducted B) adducted C) flexed D) pronated E) supinated

E) supinated

Which of these types of joints exhibits the greatest amount of movement? A) cartilaginous joints B) gomphosis joints C) suture joints D) syndesmosis joints E) synovial joints

E) synovial joints

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity. Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses. Hyaline cartilage model forms. Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone. Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage.

Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.