Chapter 6: Auxiliary Verb Phrases

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When will progressive 'be' only have the tense feature?

If it's the first verb in the sequence

What symbol represents the complementiser in a phrase tree to represent questions?

C

When can a lexical verb change form in the present tense?

Only if the subject can be replaced by a 3rd person pronoun

What is the node above the sentence that can contain a complementiser and the sentence?

S-bar

What determines the form of a verb?

The verb that precedes it

What distinguishes modal verbs from primary auxiliary verbs?

They are always tensed (finite) and never show subject-verb agreement

Which verbs cannot be made passive?

intransitive, intensive

What are the complements of auxiliary verbs?

VP

What is created in the object position left by the movement of the object to subject position in a passive phrase marker?

a gap (represented as a dot)

What is the function of the PP 'by' in a passive sentence?

adverbial adjunct (modifies lexical VP)

Which verb can the negative particle (not or n't) attach to?

auxiliary

Which verbs can move in front of the subject NP in questions?

auxiliary

Which verbs, if present, always precede the lexical verb?

auxiliary

Which verbs never take an NP complement?

auxiliary (they take a VP complement)

What is the head of a VP with multiple verbs?

auxiliary verb

What are the primary auxiliary verbs?

be, have, do

What are some examples of auxiliary verbs?

be, have, do, can, could, will, would, may, need

What can only be ellipted?

constituents

What verb is used to carry negation and determine tense if there are no other auxiliary verbs?

do

What are verb forms that are tensed?

finite

Which object becomes the subject in the passive of ditransitive verbs?

first

Which verb, whether lexical or auxiliary, displays the tense distinction between past and present

first verb

which verb is the perfect auxiliary?

have

Which verbs can be both lexical and auxiliary?

have, be

Where is the negative particle 'not' placed?

immediately after the tensed auxiliary

Where does the tensed auxiliary verb move in a question?

in front of the subject

What can introduce a verb following a lexical verb, but not when it follows an auxiliary verb?

infinite particle 'to'

What are auxiliary verbs that are not primary auxiliary verbs (ie not be, have, do)

modal auxiliaries

What is the order of verbs before a lexical verb?

modal, perfect, progressive, passive

What verb precedes the perfect 'have'?

modals

Which verbs always appear in their basic (non finite) stem form?

modals

What are verb forms that cannot be tensed?

non-finite

What form must the verb be in if it is preceded by the perfect have?

non-finite past participle

What form does the verb that follows the perfect 'have' always take?

non-finite perfect participle

What voice are sentences in that use the passive auxiliary verb 'be'?

passive

What verb form follows a passive 'be'?

passive participle (perfect participle)

For most verbs, what is the past participle form identical to?

past tense

What is a special feature of the perfect auxiliary 'have'

refers to past time independently of past tense

What does the object in an active sentence become in the corresponding passive sentence?

subject

What is the change of form in the finite verb according to the number and person of the subject NP?

subject-verb agreement

What does an adverbial modify if it is in a verb phrase

the following VP

What do sentence-final adverbials modify (and form a VP constituent with)?

the lexical VP

What is the progressive participle?

the non finite -ing form following the verb to be

What is the progressive auxiliary verb?

to be


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