Chapter 6 Connect

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Dermal papillae

B:

Papillary Layer

B:

arrector pili muscle

B:

epidermis, redness

First-degree burns involve only the __________ and are characterized by __________, pain, and slight edema (swelling)

2-4 weeks

Healing of second degree burns take approximately _________ weeks, and slight scarring may occur

epidermal dendritic cells

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called __________________________________ which help to fight infection

basal, mesenchyme

In the development of embryonic skin, the __________ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ____________ gives rise to the dermis

corneum

In thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contain dead keratinocytes are the stratum lucidum and stratum ___________

false they have melanocytes but they aren't functional

T/F: in albinism, the individual usually has white hair, pale skin, and pink irises because they don't have melanocytes

false

T/F: melanin plays a role in vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity

true

T/F: skin cancer can develop in people of any age

True

T/F: the amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure

True

T/F: the epidermis and dermis together secrete and absorb materials and play a role in immunity

true

T/F: the epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals

deep, collagen fibers

The dermis is ________ to the epidermis and contains primarily _______.

collagen

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is:

hypodermis or superficial fascia

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the:

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep these layers are:

hemoglobin

When ___________ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals

thin

_________________ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

thinner

as a result of the aging process, hair follicles produce ________ hairs.

longer

as an individual ages, skin repair processes take

port wine/blood vessels

cavernous hemangioma, sometimes called __________ stains, involve large dermal __________ and may last a lifetime

regeneration, fibrosis

damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways: ___________ and ______________ formation

nucleus

during the process of keratinization, the ________________ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cells start to die

layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

mesenchyme

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

periderm

sex hormones

sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ________ during puberty in both sexes

hair follicles, exocrine glands, nerve cells

some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include ____________ follicles, _____________ glands, ______________ cells, and muscle fibers

away, conserve

the net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood __________ from the periphery of the body to _______ heat

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

the skin houses two types of general exocrine glands: ____________ glands and ___________ glands

corneum

the stratum ____________ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells

thick skin

the stratum lucidum is found only in:

epidermis, subcutaneous layer

third-degree burns involve the ________, dermis, and ________ layer, which are often destroyed

decrease/less

vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ____________, so relatively ________- blood can travel through them

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells

vernix caseosa

barrier to water loss, calcitriol production, and heat regulation

what are some functions of the skin?

dehydration

when a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ___________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues

collagen, striae

when the skin is stretched beyond its capacity, some ___________ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called ______.

skin, kidney, liver

which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

keratinization

within the stratum granulosum begins a process called:

Stratum lucidum

B

a freckle is an area of excessive melanocyte activity/ a nevus is caused by an increase in melanocyte numbers

In what important way does a freckle differ from a nevus?

dermis, epidermis

Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ___________ and __________.

True

T/F: the reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm

albinism

________ is an inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is nonfunctional

friction ridges

___________ are located on the fingers, palms, soles and toes are formed from large folds and valleys on both the dermis and epidermis

sebum

_____________ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant

phagocytic

epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their _______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders

granulosum, spinosum

epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

tactile cells

scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called:

subcutaneous

the ________ layer is not part of the integumentary system

Reticular layer

the _________ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers

stratum spinosum/dermis

the _________ of the integument has immune cells

dermal papillae

the __________ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis

keratin

the cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _______________.

transdermal

the delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called _______ administration

0.4mm and 0.6 mm

the epidermis of thick skin ranges between ___________ millimeters thick

living, dead

the first three strata of the epidermis consists of _______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain _____________ keratinocytes

all

the integument is the body's largest organ and is composed of ___ tissue types

stratum basale

the layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the:

nucleus

the main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ___________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

thermoregulation, protection, and secretion

the major functions of merocrine sweat glands are:

pregnant and lactating females

mammary glands only become functional in which of the following conditions:

Stratum spinosum

A

blood vessels

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to __________ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

Epidermis

A:

Hair follicle

A:

Reticular Layer

A:

vibration, pressure, and cold

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are:

stratum corneum

C

Dermis

C:

papillary layer

C:

sebaceous gland

C:

stratum spinosum

D

Reticular layer

D:

apocrine sweat gland

D:

epidermis

D:

large epithelial cells, can be stimulated by light touch, also called Merkel cells, and can be stimulated by light pressure

Describe tactile cells:

stratum basale

E

Subcutaneous layer

E:

dermis

E:

cholecalciferol

keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ___________ when exposed to UV radiation

collagen/dermis

lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of _______ fiber bundles in the ____________.

collagen

lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominant orientation of __________ fiber bundles


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