Chapter 6 Connect
Dermal papillae
B:
Papillary Layer
B:
arrector pili muscle
B:
epidermis, redness
First-degree burns involve only the __________ and are characterized by __________, pain, and slight edema (swelling)
2-4 weeks
Healing of second degree burns take approximately _________ weeks, and slight scarring may occur
epidermal dendritic cells
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called __________________________________ which help to fight infection
basal, mesenchyme
In the development of embryonic skin, the __________ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ____________ gives rise to the dermis
corneum
In thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contain dead keratinocytes are the stratum lucidum and stratum ___________
false they have melanocytes but they aren't functional
T/F: in albinism, the individual usually has white hair, pale skin, and pink irises because they don't have melanocytes
false
T/F: melanin plays a role in vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity
true
T/F: skin cancer can develop in people of any age
True
T/F: the amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure
True
T/F: the epidermis and dermis together secrete and absorb materials and play a role in immunity
true
T/F: the epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals
deep, collagen fibers
The dermis is ________ to the epidermis and contains primarily _______.
collagen
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is:
hypodermis or superficial fascia
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the:
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep these layers are:
hemoglobin
When ___________ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals
thin
_________________ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
thinner
as a result of the aging process, hair follicles produce ________ hairs.
longer
as an individual ages, skin repair processes take
port wine/blood vessels
cavernous hemangioma, sometimes called __________ stains, involve large dermal __________ and may last a lifetime
regeneration, fibrosis
damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways: ___________ and ______________ formation
nucleus
during the process of keratinization, the ________________ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cells start to die
layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
mesenchyme
layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium
periderm
sex hormones
sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ________ during puberty in both sexes
hair follicles, exocrine glands, nerve cells
some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include ____________ follicles, _____________ glands, ______________ cells, and muscle fibers
away, conserve
the net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood __________ from the periphery of the body to _______ heat
sweat glands and sebaceous glands
the skin houses two types of general exocrine glands: ____________ glands and ___________ glands
corneum
the stratum ____________ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells
thick skin
the stratum lucidum is found only in:
epidermis, subcutaneous layer
third-degree burns involve the ________, dermis, and ________ layer, which are often destroyed
decrease/less
vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ____________, so relatively ________- blood can travel through them
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
vernix caseosa
barrier to water loss, calcitriol production, and heat regulation
what are some functions of the skin?
dehydration
when a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ___________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues
collagen, striae
when the skin is stretched beyond its capacity, some ___________ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called ______.
skin, kidney, liver
which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?
keratinization
within the stratum granulosum begins a process called:
Stratum lucidum
B
a freckle is an area of excessive melanocyte activity/ a nevus is caused by an increase in melanocyte numbers
In what important way does a freckle differ from a nevus?
dermis, epidermis
Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ___________ and __________.
True
T/F: the reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm
albinism
________ is an inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is nonfunctional
friction ridges
___________ are located on the fingers, palms, soles and toes are formed from large folds and valleys on both the dermis and epidermis
sebum
_____________ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant
phagocytic
epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their _______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders
granulosum, spinosum
epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?
tactile cells
scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called:
subcutaneous
the ________ layer is not part of the integumentary system
Reticular layer
the _________ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers
stratum spinosum/dermis
the _________ of the integument has immune cells
dermal papillae
the __________ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis
keratin
the cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _______________.
transdermal
the delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called _______ administration
0.4mm and 0.6 mm
the epidermis of thick skin ranges between ___________ millimeters thick
living, dead
the first three strata of the epidermis consists of _______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain _____________ keratinocytes
all
the integument is the body's largest organ and is composed of ___ tissue types
stratum basale
the layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the:
nucleus
the main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ___________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation
thermoregulation, protection, and secretion
the major functions of merocrine sweat glands are:
pregnant and lactating females
mammary glands only become functional in which of the following conditions:
Stratum spinosum
A
blood vessels
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to __________ that proliferate and form a benign tumor
Epidermis
A:
Hair follicle
A:
Reticular Layer
A:
vibration, pressure, and cold
Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are:
stratum corneum
C
Dermis
C:
papillary layer
C:
sebaceous gland
C:
stratum spinosum
D
Reticular layer
D:
apocrine sweat gland
D:
epidermis
D:
large epithelial cells, can be stimulated by light touch, also called Merkel cells, and can be stimulated by light pressure
Describe tactile cells:
stratum basale
E
Subcutaneous layer
E:
dermis
E:
cholecalciferol
keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ___________ when exposed to UV radiation
collagen/dermis
lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of _______ fiber bundles in the ____________.
collagen
lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominant orientation of __________ fiber bundles
